A Review of Microplastics in China Marine Waters

Microplastics(<5 mm) are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human health. As the sink of microplastics, the ocean, especially the densely populated coastal area, has become a hotspot for research on microplastic pollution. In the last decade, the research of marine microplastics has been rapidly increasing in China. This review summarized the microplastic research conducted in China marine waters so far, and introduced the trends and progress...     

Algal genetic engineering in China: Progress and cooperation

INTRODUCTIONTheWellknownthooriesofPritChard(l952)andHansenandRattray(l965)destribeestUarine~ationasfashenedseawatCrflowingoutinanearsurfacelayerandanwaterflowinlandwardbeow.WhenthelateralvariationofbathyInetryistakenintoarmunt,theverticalshatificationrnaybereplatal,orpadiallyreplaed,byalateralstIatfficatfonalongwithalateralvariatinnofveodtyfiekl,whichrnayshowalandwardflowofsaltwaterinthedeepchannelandanWhrdflowoffasherWhterontheshoaIs.fumodeofbarotaedationWhsfustsuggestalbyFischer(l9…     

海上目标多源轨迹数据关联综述

船舶自动识别系统、船舶远程识别与跟踪系统、卫星导航定位系统、导航雷达、星载雷达等海上目标监控系统互相补充,极大地增加了海上移动目标监控的广度和质量。然而,同一个移动目标在不同系统中具有不同的标识和轨迹,需要进行有效的数据融合,关联多源轨迹数据,建立各系统中移动目标的对应关系,才能形成统一的海上态势,为移动目标跟踪、轨迹数据挖掘等提供支持。本文介绍和总结了海上目标多源轨迹的常见数据源;剖析与比较了可用于移动轨迹数据关联的最近邻、概率数据关联、联合概率数据关联和多假设跟踪4种量测/航迹关联方法,和基于统计方法或模糊数学的2类航迹/航迹关联方法,以及相关工作进展;总结了常见的算法评估方式;最后讨论了现有方法适用场景问题,及其进一步的研究方向。     

海洋经济与海洋环境保护协调发展的初步探讨--大连海域案例研究

21世纪是开发和利用海洋的新世纪.在开发利用海洋的过程中出现了海洋经济发展与海洋环境保护之间的不协调性、不同步性.以大连为个案,运用耦合机制对海洋环境与海洋经济的协调发展进行初步探讨,并提出相应对策和建议.     

辽宁海洋国土资源开发与海洋经济可持续发展

海洋是人类生存环境的重要组成部分,被人们誉为生命的摇篮、资源的宝库,是全球生命支持系统的组成部分,与人类的生存、发展有着极为密切的关系.海洋可为我国国民经济实现持续、快速、健康的发展提供巨大的资源潜力.目前,我国的经济发展正处在工业化的高速起步时期,但同其他国家相比,面临着人口众多、人均资源量贫乏等严重问题,而海洋可为上述问题提供一条重要的解决途径.     

A Cluster-Based Method for Marine Sensitive Object Extraction and Representation

Within the context of global change, marine sensitive factors or Marine Essential Climate Variables have been defined by many projects, and their sensitive spatial regions and time phases play significant roles in regional sea-air interactions and better understanding of their dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based method for marine sensitive region extraction and representation. This method includes a kernel expansion algorithm for extracting marine sensitive regions, and a field-object triple form, integration of object-oriented and field-based model, for representing marine sensitive objects. Firstly, this method recognizes ENSO-related spatial patterns using empirical orthogonal decomposition of long term marine sensitive factors and correlation analysis with multiple ENSO index. The cluster kernel, defined by statistics of spatial patterns, is initialized to carry out spatial expansion and cluster mergence with spatial neighborhoods recursively, then all the related lattices with similar behavior are merged into marine sensitive regions. After this, the Field-object triple form of O, A, F is used to represent the marine sensitive objects, both with the discrete object with a precise extend and boundary, and the continuous field with variations dependent on spatial locations. Finally, the marine sensitive objects about sea surface temperature are extracted, represented and analyzed as a case of study, which proves the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Measuring Chinese Marine Environmental Efficiency: A Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis

Environmental efficiency standards are often used to evaluate the costs of oceanic economic development. A variety of statistical analyses were applied in this study to quantify the marine environmental efficiency of 11 Chinese coastal provinces and municipalities between 2000 and 2014. Results initially reveal that environmental efficiency measures that incorporate undesirable outputs are more consistent with real production conditions and thus the use of marine economic and environmental efficiencies supplement and complement one another. Second, overall marine environmental efficiency across China tends to be low and can be spatially characterized by a transformation such that the inefficiencies noted in 2000 have subsequently been transformed to comprise a three-tiered structure that encompasses northern, central, and southern cores. Third, variation in absolute and relative marine environmental efficiency differences for the coastal regions of China have been consistent over time; values initially decreased before increasing again in a fluctuating manner over the time period of this analysis. Fourth, data show that the Pearl River Delta area has experienced the highest rate of change in marine environmental efficiency over time when economic zones are used as basic research units, although values have nevertheless fluctuated significantly. Fifth, values for total factor productivity as well as technical efficiency and change across the Chinese marine economy all fluctuated over time but increased. Data show that changes in marine environmental efficiency across China can primarily be attributed to progress in marine science and technology. Finally, levels of capital investment and marine industrial pollution intensity are not significantly correlated with marine environmental efficiency. Indeed, both marine industrial structural levels and environmental protection technologies have had a positive effect on environmental efficiency while levels of investment in marine scientific research as well as the scale of economic development, the marine economy, and the degree of external openness have all exerted negative effects on this key variable.     

我国沿海省区海洋产业集聚水平比较研究

针对我国海洋产业集聚研究不足,利用区位熵数法分别测度了我国沿海十一省区海洋产业整体集聚水平,以及海洋第一、第二、第三产业集聚水平;主要海洋产业、海洋科技教育服务业和海洋相关产业集聚水平。通过比较发现,目前我国海洋产业集聚水平高低呈簇状分布,海洋产业整体集聚水平与产业高度密切相关,各省区海洋产业大产业链上的布局基本相似。     

青岛市消费者安全海洋水产养殖品消费决策研究

以青岛市为样本,研究消费者对安全海洋水产养殖品消费决策行为,AMOS17.0软件模拟分析的安全海洋水产养殖品消费行为结构方程模型结果显示:个体特征对消费行为的影响不显著,但消费者的收入水平与家庭成员人数对安全海洋水产养殖品的消费决策不容忽视;消费者对所购水产品的经验积累、对水产品药物残留安全的认知、对政府"菜篮子"工程的认可以及对卖家口碑的了解,对安全水产品认知水平具有重要影响;购买地点的固定性与追求营养健康是安全水产养殖品消费动机形成的重要影响因子;在其他影响因子不变情况下,购后评价每增加1个标准单位,其对下一次购买的认知水平和消费动机将增加0.89和0.56个标准单位。     

构建水产品贸易壁垒预警机制的探讨——以广东为例

金融危机爆发以来,贸易保护主义明显抬头,贸易壁垒花样翻新。以广东水产品为例,从短期来看,贸易壁垒会对出口产生抑制效应;从长期来看,贸易壁垒将会形成倒逼机制,促使企业提高产品质量,改善产品结构,提高出口绩效,增强竞争力,产生正面效应。贸易壁垒预警机制是一个由政府部门、专业机构、行业协会和企业共同参与的一项系统工程,包括预警信息的收集、加工、评估和发布四个阶段组成,根据具体情况,适时发布预警信息和警度级别,从而能够使企业及时了解国外贸易壁垒的信息,尽早制定应对策略,采取切实可行的措施,将贸易壁垒所造成的损失降到最低。     

The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Algal Biotechnology Held in Qingdao, China

The fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Algal Biotechnology (5^th APCAB), organized by Chinese Phycological Society, Institute of Oceanology and Qingdao Society of Bioengineering under the auspices of The Asia-Pacific Society for Applied Phycology was held on Oct. 18 - 21, 2003 in Qingdao. 5^th APCAB was generously supported by Sun Chlorella Corp. as Gold Sponsor.     

基于海洋产业结构理论的海域资源配置分析

基于海洋产业结构理论,总结了我国海洋产业结构的发展趋向,分析了海域资源配置与海洋产业结构的关联,以及海洋产业结构对海域资源配置的影响。研究表明,我国海洋产业结构相对协调,但海洋传统产业占海洋产业的比重较高。在海域资源配置的过程中,应在发挥传统海洋产业优势的同时,积极引导新兴海洋产业的发展。     

中国及国际海洋科学发展态势文献计量分析

以SCIE、ESI、OA等数据库为统计分析源,对1996~2005年国际海洋科学论文产出的主题领域及国家分布、中国海洋科学论文产出的主题领域等从文献计量学的角度进行了统计分析,以揭示国际及中国海洋科学的发展现状和态势,并通过论文产出、国际1%顶尖论文数及热门论文数的统计揭示中国在国际海洋科学领域的科学影响力。     

国际海洋新秩序及其对我国海洋经济的影响

国际海洋新秩序的形成以<联合国海洋法公约>的生效为标志.<公约>不仅赋予了沿海国对200 n mile专属经济区的主权权利等海洋权益,带来国际海洋形势的新趋势,而且会对我国海洋经济产生重要影响.<公约>的生效一方面促进了我国海洋法律的建设进程,扩大了海洋管辖;另一方面又使我国海洋经济权益受到新的威胁.专属经济区制度对我国海洋渔业生产和管理也将产生重要影响.     

长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域环境适宜性分析

对长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域101个表层沉积物和102个表层海水样进行取样调查,开展表层沉积物类型、粒度、表层沉积物和海水重金属等指标分析测试,采用单因子污染指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价该区表层沉积物潜在生态风险,采用海水水质分类和单因子污染指数法评价表层海水污染情况。表层沉积物结果表明：沉积物为泥质砂质砾、砾质泥质砂、砾质泥、含砾泥质砂、砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂,平均粒径介于2.44~5.44Ф;Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、硫化物和石油类都符合第一类标准,属于清洁沉积物;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As富集系数均＜1,处于低度污染水平;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As单项潜在生态危害系数Eir介于0.56~30.71之间,RI均值为66.27,远低于低度生态危害的划分标准值。表层海水结果表明：21个站位受到Hg污染,略高于第一类标准,满足第二类标准,主要位于研究区西北部、西中部和东北部海域,其余指标均符合规定第一类标准;Hg、Cu和Zn含量处于较清洁环境范围内,As、COD、石油类、Pb、Cr和Cd含量处于自然本底环境。根据海底沉积物和海水分析结果得出,长岛北四岛海域海洋牧场规划区底质和水质环境适宜建设海洋牧场。     

A Bioassay for the Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine Using the Marine Ciliate Euplotes vannus

This study investigated the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine using the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus as the test organism.The median lethal concentrations(LC50 values)were determined using acute toxicity tests within an exposure time of 30 min with 0,6,12,24,and 48 mg mL^-1 gemcitabine.The median inhibition effect(IC50 value)on the growth of the ciliate cells was examined using chronic toxicity tests within 5 days(120 h)after exposure for 30 min with 0,0.7,3.5,7,and 14 mg mL^-1 gemcitabine.The 30-min LC50value was 10.66-mg mL 1.The LC50 values decreased with increasing exposure times and well fitted to the toxicity curve equation LC50=10.93+28.4e^-0.19t(R2=0.93;P<0.05,t=exposure time).The IC50 value for growth rates was 7.05 mg mL^-1,and the inhibition effect on growth rates well fitted to the model equation r%=0.8681e^-0.0782Cgem(r%means growth rate with inhibition by gemcitabine,Cgem means concentrations of gemcitabine,R^2=0.99 and P<0.05).The LC50 values of a wide range of gemcitabine concentrations could therefore be predicted for any given exposure time.These results suggest that the clinical dose of gemcitabine(20 mg mL^-1)was higher than the 30-min LC50 value,which was almost the same as the 6-min LC50 value(19.88 mg mL^-1)for E.vannus cells.The results also demonstrate that E.vannus can be used as a robust test organism for bioassays of chemotherapeutic drugs during short exposure periods.     

荧光分光光度法测定海洋贝类体总石油烃的方法研究

研究和建立了一种测定海洋贝类体中总石油烃的改进方法 ,即控温强碱直接皂化、乙醚萃取、正己烷溶解、荧光分光光度仪测定法。该方法的最低检测限为 0 .1 2 mg/kg(大港原油当量 ) ,变异系数( CV) 3 .2 %～ 4 .6% ,相对误差 ( RE) -4 .0 %～ 1 .8% ,具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高和费用低廉等特点。     

基于语料库的标准航海通信用语教学模式初探

以200部(集)海事英文原版影片和剧集的文字资料和视频资料为语料建立多媒体海事英语口语语料库,结合语料库技术,从词汇教学,同义词、近义词教学,情景模拟等方面阐述该语料库在标准航海通信用语教学中的应用,拓展SMCP教学理论研究的空间,提高教学的有效性。