红鳍笛鲷亲鱼培育及产卵技术研究

采用控温、营养强化的方法培育红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanuserythropterus)亲鱼 ,并结合激素诱导使其在1周年内每个月不间断产卵。实验亲鱼454尾 ,培育成活率为96% ,共采卵147150×104粒 ,平均每尾雌鱼年产卵量为541.0×104粒 ,人工催产卵的受精率为40 %～86.2 % ,自然产卵的受精率为68.3%～91.2%。     

台湾海峡野生牙鲆人工繁殖和育苗技术研究

2003年12月至2004年5月对台湾海峡的野生牙鲆进行了亲鱼的驯养、促熟产卵及人工育苗技术研究.结果表明,活的鲻鱼苗可用于牙鲆亲鱼的诱食;当水温达到16.2~19.5℃时,牙鲆可自然产卵,产卵盛期为3月中旬至4月上旬.4月份受精率高达86%.在驯养过程中亲鱼未发生死亡.本实验共用受精卵约153万粒,孵出仔鱼140.8万尾,孵化率达92%.经63d培育,育出全长3.8~5.5cm幼鱼53.4万尾,成活率37.9%.育苗水温为20~24℃,海水盐度为26~31.     

花鲈亲鱼人工培育与催产技术研究

作者研究了花鲈人工培育及促熟催产中的技术措施。采用海捕的天然苗种 ,逐年筛选、精心培育 ,共获得 4～ 6龄的成熟亲鱼 50尾。在外源激素 HCG(70 0～ 150 0 IU/ kg)及 LHRH- A3(2～5μg/ kg)的作用下 (雄鱼减半 ) ,共人工采卵 156 0× 10 4粒 ,卵的平均上浮率为 6 1% ,平均受精率为78% ,平均孵化率为 85.7%。     

人工管道诱导大弹涂鱼产卵研究

报道了人工制作的陶瓷管道诱导大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris产卵的研究结果，未经激素催熟的亲鱼放入产卵池内7-12d未见产卵，经一次激素注射催熟的亲鱼放入产卵池内第3天开始酱产卵和受精，入池后5d未能产卵雌鱼的卵母细胞开始退化吸收，雌鱼不仅在管道内产卵，而且也将卵产在管道外，池底和池壁，产卵时间集中在下半夜的02：00-04：00，不同产卵池中管道的产卵率差别很大，卵子粘附在管道不同部位的数量和受精率均不相同，强迫配对的亲鱼虽有产卵，但卵子不受精。     

黄鳍东方鲀人工育苗技术及胚胎、仔稚幼鱼发育特征研究

为开展黄鳍东方鲀(Fugu xanthopterus)批量全人工育苗、胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育特征研究, 作者使用地欧酮(DOM)、促黄体释放激素类似物(LRH)及绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对性成熟黄鳍东方鲀进行人工催产。结果表明黄鳍东方鲀亲鱼效应时间为39～60h, 获产率为55.0%～92.5%; 卵受精率为35.5%～84.7%, 3 年产卵7 400 g; 受精卵在海水水温17.0～23.2℃、盐度21～30、pH8.0～8.2 人工条件下孵化, 孵化率为33.6%～91.7%, 孵出仔鱼499 万尾; 2005 年、2006 年经前期培育, 共培育出黄鳍东方鲀后期仔鱼394.5 万尾, 成活率为68.2%～94.3%; 室内水泥池后期培育出平均全长2.6 cm±0.2 cm 幼鱼3100 尾, 成活率为15.5%; 池塘生态培育出平均全长3.7 cm±0.5 cm 幼鱼53.3 万尾, 成活率为11.2%～13.8%。黄鳍东方鲀受精卵为沉性黏性卵, 近椭球形, 乳白色, 卵膜厚且不透明, 卵径0.9～1.0mm,在海水水温18.2～22.2℃条件下, 3 h 分裂为2 细胞; 3 h 20 min 4 细胞; 3 h 45 min 8 细胞; 10 h 10 min 多细胞; 17 h 30 min 囊胚出现; 28 h 原肠期; 57 h 15 min 胚体形成期; 69 h 20 min 心跳出现; 130 h 50 min出膜期; 144 h 孵出仔鱼。初孵仔鱼全长2.2～2.4 mm, 体圆而粗短, 尾部细长、透明; 孵出后第20 天, 胸鳍、臀鳍、背鳍基本形成, 进入稚鱼期; 孵出后第45 天, 上下颌门齿发达, 各鳍发育完整, 小刺基本形成, 进入幼鱼期。     

美洲鲥的人工繁殖及胚胎发育的研究

2007～2009年,利用深井水及设有钢架保温大棚的土池成功进行了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)的亲鱼培育与人工繁殖的研究,同时观察了美洲鲥的胚胎发育过程.结果表明:2龄美洲鲥在池塘中经专池培育并采用激素+不饱和脂肪酸+维生素E投喂、水流刺激等培育措施使雌雄鱼的性腺成熟率达60％～80％.性腺成熟的亲鱼经生态调控促使产卵或人工催产繁殖,生态调控促使产卵中水温保持在16～23℃,池水始终保持流动状态,50对美洲鲥亲鱼自4月中下旬至5月底陆续产卵,共收集鱼卵9.0万粒,平均受精率10％,孵化率70％～80％;人工催产试验中,采用LHRH-A2+鱼类催产助剂、LHRH-A2+HCG+DOM+鱼类催产助剂和LHRH-A2+HCG+鱼类催产助剂3种催产剂配伍,背鳍基部两针注射法,催产率20％～100％,获卵10.57万粒,受精率0～21.5％,孵化率0～70％.美洲鲥受精卵呈卵圆形,卵膜径为(4.03±0.25)mm,根据胚胎的外形与内部主要特征,胚胎发育分为7个生理阶段30个具体发育时期,在水温(20±1)℃下,历时约71 h40 min完成整个胚胎发育过程.     

鲈鱼土池人工育苗研究

报道了１９８９－１９９３年鲈鱼土池人工育苗的研究结果，捕自天然海区、围垦内 网箱培育的亲鱼注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ与ＨＣＧ诱导能顺利排卵，产卵率７０－１００％，受精卵卵径１．２５－１．４０ｍｍ，浮性卵、受精率２１－８９．０％，在水温１８．０－２１．２℃、盐度３１．０－３４．０的条件下，一般经５０．６７ｈ孵出仔鱼，孵化率４６．０－９０．０％。人工育苗在室外土池进行，最高成活率１１．７％。初孵仔鱼全长３．５３－     

潮间带大弹涂鱼产卵习性和自然受精卵孵化研究

从环氧树脂模型揭示了福建省福宁湾潮间带滩涂大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris洞穴的整体结构。多数洞穴略呈Y字形,每个洞穴有主洞口和次洞口之分。春季5—6月大弹涂鱼洞穴的中下部出现1个产卵室,产卵室横切面的上方呈拱形,底部平坦。潮间带滩涂产卵习性实验表明,产卵前性成熟雄鱼建造产卵室,并引诱性成熟雌鱼进入产卵室内交配产卵,受精卵依靠粘着丝粘在产卵室的顶部和周壁。产卵后雄鱼留洞护卵。每个产卵室的受精卵总数为3 595—4 314粒,平均为3 957粒,平均受精率高达99.67%,受精卵密度为58—114粒.cm-2,平均为87粒.cm-2。产卵室顶部和周壁受精卵的粘着丝位于上端,胚体位于下端,呈倒立状态,大多数受精卵的胚体头部朝下,为反向卵(平均占98.07%),易于孵化出仔鱼。将潮间带洞穴内产卵室受精卵取回实验室,模拟洞穴的小生境进行孵化实验。2次模拟孵化实验结果表明,受精卵始终全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(81.19%—82.90%)高于受精卵湿露24h后才全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(76.38%—79.19%)。湿露而不淹没于海水的受精卵不能孵化出仔鱼。     

菊黄东方鲀人工繁殖及育苗技术研究

报道了2004～2005年菊黄东方鲀(Fugu flavidus)人工繁殖及育苗实验结果.在春季当水温达到20℃以上时,用地欧酮(DOM)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH)或绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)进行催产,混和或单一使用,剂量视亲鱼性腺成熟度而定.受精卵在海水盐度20.0～30.0,水温20.0～25.0℃条件下,经144～156 h孵化.608万尾仔鱼培育出平均全长4.43 cm、平均体质量1.98 g的幼鱼168.5万尾,成活率27.7%.对亲鱼的暂养、催产、孵化、仔鱼的前期培育和仔鱼的后期培育等关键技术进行了探讨.     

黑鲪苗种培育关键技术的研究

采用黑鲪[Sebastodes fuscescens(Houttuyn)]野生亲鱼进行了两次工厂化育苗实验。第一次布放仔鱼38.9×104尾,经过56～60 d的培育,共育成全长30.7～32.7 mm的鱼苗2.9×104尾,平均成活率7.5%;第二次布放仔鱼101.7×104尾,经过46～51 d培育,鱼苗全长30.2～35.7mm。项目验收时,鱼苗平均全长45.7mm,平均体质量1.53g,共出苗约32.1×104尾,单位水体出苗量1 529尾/m3,平均成活率31.6%,最高成活率52.1%。实验中研究了黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育与摄食变化,提出了苗种培育阶段的4个"危险期",并探讨了苗种培育的关键技术。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.