自动气象站辐射表的安装与日常维护

该文介绍了自动气象站现投入运行的5种辐射表,对它们的工作原理、仪器安装、故障检测和排除进行了说明,为今后自动气象站辐射表的使用和日常维护提供参考。     

两种计算长波辐射传输的近似方法

在二流近似的基础上,提出了两种计算晴空大气中长波辐射传输的方法,整个长波辐射区域被分成两个宽的光谱带,它们分别对相应的宽带光学厚度和发射率作参数化处理。这两种方法,所需的计算时间很少,但有相当好的精度,因而适于在大气环流模式中进行辐射传输的计算。     

中国地区云对地气系统净辐射强迫的气候研究

本文利用地球辐射平衡试验（ERBE）和国际卫星云气候计划（ISCCP）提供的地气系统行星反射率，长波射出辐射（OLR）和云量资料，计算出中国地区年、月总云量对地气系统净辐射的强迫，分别讨论了其与总云量及地气系统晴天净辐射的关系。结果表明：地气系统净辐射云强迫与总云量有较好的抛线物关系，各月净辐射云强迫与地气系统晴天净辐射的曲线相关也很明显，如以曲线上净辐射云强迫为零时的晴天净辐射值代表各月曲线位置，则该值随天文辐射作规律性季节变化。地气系统净辐射云强迫的地理分布与总云量及地气晴天净辐射分布有关，其在各地的年变化则主要由天文因素及雨季进行退决定。     

佳木斯市40年太阳辐射变化规律及分析

利用经验公式，把佳木斯市40a的太阳辐射资料补充完整，在此基础上，用方差分析的方法找出太阳辐射的变化规律，并加以分析。     

青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响：Ⅰ.综合分析

本文利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测试验资料，讨论了青藏高原地区地面有较辐射时空变化的基本特征，分析了地面有效辐射与云层覆盖率和云状的关系。结果表明：云是影响地面有效辐射变化的重要因子；地面有效辐射是云层覆盖率的二次函数，函数形式为二次三项式；地面有效辐射对云状变化的响应是非常明显的，中云（Ａｓ）对地面有效辐射的影响最大，其次是低云（Ｃｂ，Ｓｃ）。高云（Ｃｉ）对地面有效辐射的     

中国大气有效辐射的气候学研究

根据ＥＲＢＥ的ＯＬＲ资料以及地表有效辐射气候计算资料，探讨了全国大气有效辐射与气温，大气含水量，总云量等因子的关系，以及纬度，拔海高度对它的影响，得出了大气有效辐射的气候计算式。分析了其在全国的分布，指出，１，７月和年平均大气有效辐射场大致为一不对称的鞍形场，其高值区分别位于东南沿海和西北内陆，青藏高原为主要低值区。     

海南岛气象辐射的年变化特点

利用1992－2000年的观测资料研究了海口、三亚的气象辐射特点。结果：指出，总辐射和反射辐射具有抛物线分布特点，净全辐射全年均为正值，各辐射量的9年平均值具有双峰型特点。     

浅谈辐射变化规律与辐射观测

浅谈辐射变化规律与辐射观测贾东奇（黑龙江省黑河气象局，１６４３００）引言在实际观测中，常会遇到辐射观测仪器显现失真现象。其进入水汽、短路、断路、接触不良或受电源、电器干扰等因素无须赘述，现仅就如何能对仪器的错误显示及早发现、及时处理、进而获取准确数据...     

青藏高原地区云对地表净辐射的影响

利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测实验资料，分析了云量，云状对地表净辐射的影响，计算了与云对地表净辐射强迫作用有关的参数。研究表明：地表净辐射是云量的线性函罢 ２对地表净辐射的影响有明显的季节性差异，在春季和夏季，云对地表净辐射的影响非常强烈，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多而减小，在秋季和冬季，云对地表净辐的影响较小，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多百增大。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.