扬子块体南缘四堡群Sm－Nd同位素体系及其他壳演化意义

 详细的主元素和Sm-Nd同位素体系研究表明,扬子块体南缘元宝山地区四堡群中镁铁质-超镁铁质岩可能来源于Al亏损地幔;而宝坛地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的源区则可能包括了A1未亏损和A1亏损两种地幔端元组分,部分样品可能受到围岩混染。镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的Sm-Nd数据构成了一条无地质意义的假等时线,由其斜率获得的年龄约2.2Ga明显偏老。四堡群浅变质沉积岩的Nd模式年龄限定了镁铁质-超镁铁质岩和四堡群的地层年龄应小于1.8Ga.扬子南缘最老的基底四堡群(及相应地层)主要是由地壳存留年龄为1.8-1.9Ga的未成熟陆壳再循环物质组成,明显不同于华南块体(华夏古陆)的早-中元古代变质基底。迄今为止获得的沉积岩和花岗岩的Sm-Nd同位素资料都不支持扬子南缘存在早元古代-晚太古代基底。     

赣北元古代变质沉积岩的铅钕同位素特征

赣北地区元古代变质沉积岩的铅、钕同位素研究结果表明,它们与扬子古陆南缘其他元古代地层非常相似,表明它们具有相似的成岩物质来源及构造演化历史。研究结果还显示,双桥山群变质泥质岩的Pb-Pb等时线年龄为（1 490±68）Ma,而障公山群、双桥山群、程浪群和修水群的钕模式年龄分别为1.57 Ga、1.89Ga、1.77Ga和1.60 Ga,均分布在1.5～1.9 Ga之间,表明这些地层的形成年龄应小于1.9 Ga,是中—晚元古代的产物,同时表明扬子古陆南缘存在古元古代的基底。     

江南古陆南缘四堡群钐钕同位素年龄研究

本文利用钐钕同位素方法测试了四堡群文通组8件镁铁质-超镁铁质火山岩样品,获得成岩等时线年龄2 219±111(2δ)Ma的数据。证明了江南古陆南缘最古老地层单元四堡群为早元古代而不是中晚元古代的产物。     

江南古陆南缘四堡群同位素地质年代学研究

四堡群浅变质火山-沉积岩系主要出露于桂九万大山地区，是华南最古老的地层单元之一。对坛地区罗布山枕状玄武岩中细粒原生锆石进行单颗粒锆石蒸节-沉积法年龄测定，两组锆石样品获得207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为1374±20（2σ）Ma和1863±7（2σ）Ma。对宝坛地区基性和超基性火山岩进行了Sm-Nd同位素研究，获等时线年龄为1782±820（2σ）Ma，与锆石单颗粒207Pb/206Pb年龄一致，充分说明四堡群形成于中元古代早期。火山岩的εNd（t）为0.6，表明基性-超基性岩浆源自于亏损地幔。这套岩石的     

大兴安岭的形成与演化历史:来自河漫滩沉积物地球化学及其碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成的证据

通过对发源于大兴安岭的主要河流河漫滩沉积物地球化学与从其分离出的锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成的系统研究,揭示河漫滩沉积物的稀土和微量元素与大陆上地壳组成基本一致。不同地段的河漫滩沉积物微量成矿元素含量存在明显的差别,可能反映了不同地段不同元素成矿的差异。大兴安岭最南部的西拉木伦河无论是从SiO2含量还是Nd同位素组成上,均反映有华北板块北缘物质的明显贡献;最北部的南翁河从Nd同位素组成上表明有西伯利亚板块南缘前寒武纪微陆块物质的贡献。大兴安岭河漫滩沉积物全样Nd亏损地幔模式年龄平均值与锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄基本一致,分别为1.03Ga、1.01Ga。锆石U-Pb年龄最大值为2473Ma,对应的Hf亏损地幔模式年龄为3.75Ga,证明大兴安岭中古陆块基底是更老的陆块(3.75Ga)在古元古代的壳内岩浆作用过程中形成的,中元古代开始古陆块从母陆块分离,可能是古亚洲洋打开的前奏。中新元古代—早古生代末是从亏损地幔增生到大兴安岭区域地壳事件的最强烈阶段,形成古亚洲洋的洋壳与底侵于古陆块中的超镁铁质-镁铁质岩类。晚古生代是古亚洲洋洋壳消减俯冲的主要阶段,至晚二叠世大洋消失殆尽进入到陆内造山阶段。中生代受古太平洋构造域的影响,以底侵于古陆块中的幔源物质为主发生部分熔融,同时也有少量基底物质卷入到此期岩浆作用中,形成占现今该区出露地壳近80%的印支-燕山期火山-侵入岩,但此时基本为一个没有亏损地幔来源的物质直接参与的岩浆作用过程。     

大兴安岭的形成与演化历史:来自河漫沉积物地球化学及其碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成的证据

通过对发源于大兴安岭的主要河流河漫滩沉积物地球化学与分离出的锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成的系统研究,揭示河漫滩沉积物的稀土与其他微量元素与大陆地壳组成基本一致。不同地段的河漫滩沉积物微量成矿元素含量存在明显的差别,可能反映了不同地段不同元素成矿的差异。大兴安岭最南部的西拉木伦河无论是从SiO2含量还是Nd同位素组成上,均反映有华北板块北缘物质的明显贡献;最北部的南翁河从Nd同位素组成上表明有西伯利亚板块南缘前寒武纪微陆块物质的贡献。大兴安岭河漫滩沉积物全样Nd亏损地幔模式年龄平均值与锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄基本一致,分别为1.03、1.01Ga。锆石U-Pb年龄最大值为2473Ma,对应的Hf亏损地幔模式年龄为3.75Ga,证明大兴安岭中古陆块基底是更老的陆块(3.75Ga)在古元古代的壳内岩浆作用过程中形成的,中元古代开始古陆块从母陆块分离,可能是古亚洲洋打开的前奏。中新元古代-早古生末是从亏损地幔增生到大兴安岭区域地壳事件的最强烈阶段,形成古亚洲洋的洋壳与底侵于古陆块中的超镁铁质-镁铁质岩类。晚古生代是古亚洲洋洋壳消减俯冲的主要阶段,至晚二叠世大洋消失殆尽进入到陆内造山阶段。中生代受古太平洋构造域的影响,以底侵于古陆块中的幔源物质为主发生部分熔融,同时也有少量基底物质卷入到此期岩浆作用中,形成占现今该区出露地壳近80%的印支-燕山期火山-侵入岩,但此时基本没有亏损地幔来源的物质直接参与岩浆作用过程。     

扬子克拉通崆岭杂岩孔兹岩系同位素年代学研究及其地质意义

崆岭杂岩出露有一套覆盖于古老变质结晶基底之上的以含石墨和富铝矿物为特征的孔兹岩系。本文对该套孔兹岩系中代表性岩石类型榴线英岩开展了同位素稀释法(ID-TIMS)矿物–全岩Sm-Nd等时线测年。研究结果表明,榴线英岩形成于2078±31 Ma。榴线英岩Nd同位素组成相对均一(ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-4.9与-2.3之间),对应Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄介于2.91~2.70 Ga之间,表明大多数样品形成于封闭体系中。结合前人在同一套岩石组合中报道的锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学数据,推测崆岭杂岩孔兹岩系可能沉积于2.13~2.08 Ga,其原岩沉积物主要来自下伏的古老地壳物质,且其源区存在中太古代的初生地壳增长。扬子陆核经历的古元古代(2.08~1.94 Ga)高压麻粒岩相变质作用可能与全球广泛存在的同时期(2.1~1.8 Ga)碰撞造山事件有关,暗示其很可能是古元古代Columbia超大陆的重要组成部分。     

康定杂岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素系统及其意义

通过对康定—冕宁地区出露的英云闪长岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、角闪变粒岩全岩及其中所分离出的角闪石、黑云母、斜长石、钾长石的Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素的系统测定,结合岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄结果,确定这些变质杂岩由于经历了复杂的形成过程与变质历史,Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素体系难以确定其结晶年龄。由单矿物与全岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd体系拟合的~700 M a的等时线年龄反映了角闪岩相-高角闪岩相的变质作用年龄。Sm-Nd同位素体系由于在变质作用过程中的部分开放性,很容易给出无意义的较老的混合年龄。康定杂岩结晶后并没有经历麻粒岩相变质作用,区域上所含的麻粒岩透镜体可能是新元古代(773~721 M a)期间由Rod in ia超大陆裂解产生的新生洋壳向扬子克拉通陆块俯冲消减过程的变质产物。俯冲到一定深度后,由于板片被拉断,软流圈上涌导致变质洋壳板片岩石、先前底侵变质的镁铁质岩石及扬子陆块长英质基底岩石发生部分熔融,以镁铁质岩石熔融产生的熔浆为主(>70%),与长英质基底岩石熔融产生的熔浆混合形成w(Na2O)/w(K2O)>1的TTG组合。     

胶东莱西地区高压麻粒岩的Sm-Nd同位素年代学

在胶东地区莱西-莱阳-栖霞一带的晚太古代花岗片麻岩中,出露一条长约200多公里,NE向展布的高压基性麻粒岩-超镁铁质岩带。由于这条岩带东邻苏鲁高压-超高压变质带,西接华北克拉通基底的古老变质岩,因此其区域构造归属以及大地构造意义是一个十分重要的问题。本文分析的高压基性麻粒岩样品具有降压退变质结构,退变质矿物组合为麻粒岩相。矿物-全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1752Ma,全岩T(DM)模式年龄为2788Ma,与华北克拉通北缘的高压基性麻粒岩的同位素年龄完全相似。根据高压麻粒岩-超镁铁质岩的围岩片麻岩特征和同位素年龄,可以确定这条出露于华北陆块东缘的岩带是早前寒武纪华北克拉通下地壳岩石,其抬升与华北陆块与扬子陆块的拼合有关。     

中国西秦岭碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

西秦岭是北接华北克拉通、西接祁连与柴达木、南接松潘—甘孜地块的东秦岭造山带的西延。文中研究了该区从前寒武纪到三叠纪的碎屑沉积岩。这些碎屑沉积岩中分离出的锆石由LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)进行了U-Pb定年。全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄类似于扬子克拉通年龄,主要分布于1.55~1.98Ga,峰值为1.81Ga,而与华北克拉通主要为古元古代与太古宙的模式年龄形成明显的对比。泥盆系中的碎屑锆石930~730Ma的U-Pb年龄指示其与扬子克拉通具亲缘性。930~730Ma是源区地壳的强烈增长阶段。二叠系—三叠系的碎屑沉积岩主体以含老于1600Ma的碎屑锆石为特征。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Sm-Nd同位素组成指示此时华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石成为二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩的重要物源。扬子克拉通在三叠纪时与华北克拉通拼接。西秦岭二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩含有高达50%的华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石。     

安徽的地壳演化:Sr,Nd同位素证据

在地壳(幔)演化和板块构遣的框架内，评述了有关安徽南部(扬子地块东部，包括大别遣山带和江南遣山带)的同位素地质年代学和Nd，Sr同位素地球化学示踪研究的成果。该地区出露地表的中元古界溪口群浅变质岩代表皖南的基底，沿江地区和大别山区的基底包舍太古宇或／和古元古界古老岩石。此格局还影响到从震旦纪到古生代沉积岩的物源区，江南深断裂以北的沉积岩中有古老岩石的贡献，而以南的物源主要来自出露的中元古界岩石。扬子陆块南北缘(大别和江南遣山带)的晋宁期演化可能与罗迪尼亚超大陆演化有密切关系，但有关研究开展很少。三叠纪大陆深俯冲和超高压变质作用研究已成为国际地球科学的热点。晚中生代(120-140Ma)本区发生强烈的岩浆活动，并伴有重要矿床的形成。中酸性岩的形成是一种壳幔物质混合的过程。沿江地区陆下地幔具有富集特征，为扬子型岩石圈地幔与软流圈地幔混合的产物。从晚中生代到第四纪，基性岩指示其源区的地球化学性质有随时间变得越来越亏损的趋势。     

扬子地块东南缘沉积岩的Nd同位素研究

扬子地块东南缘上溪群分布区及其周边沉积岩的Ｎｄ同位素研究结果,支持存在一条苏浙皖古生代裂陷槽（或江南深断裂）的观点。上溪群以北直至长江边所分布的震旦系－古生代的盖层沉积岩,其Ｎｄ模式年龄有两组,表明物源区不同。裂陷槽以北,沉积岩的物源区为Ｎｄ模式年龄约２.０～２.１Ｇａ的扬子物源区;以南的沉积岩表现出明显的幔源物质混染,显示出元古代岩浆活动的影响,而上溪群分布区以南直到江绍断裂附近主要表现上溪物源区的影响,华夏地块古老基底岩石则无显著贡献。     

海南岛地壳生长和基底性质的Nd同位素制约

通过对海南岛花岗岩、变质沉积岩等地壳岩石SmNd同位素的详细剖析,探讨了海南岛的基底性质及其地壳生长史。研究表明:海南岛九所—陵水断裂的南、北经历了不同的构造演化史。断裂以北地壳岩石的ε_Nd(t)分布在3.3至-17.2之间,Nd模式年龄分布在1.2～3.2Ga之间,并在1.4～1.6Ga和2.0Ga形成统计峰值。断裂以北地壳主要以幕式生长形成,太古代时期形成若干陆核(距今3.1～3.2Ga或更早?),1.4～1.6Ga和1.8～2.0Ga为地壳生长的主要时期。断裂以北地壳岩石的SmNd同位素特征和地壳生长史与华夏古陆的相似,其基底是华夏古陆的一部分,断裂以南可能是亲东冈瓦纳(澳大利亚)的裂解块体。     

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and Nd-Sr isotopic study of the Mamianshan Group: implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic development of southeast China

Northwestern Fujian contains abundant well-studied Precambrian basement, and was a composite terrane in Cathaysia during the Neoproterozoic; however, its magmatic activity, petrogenesis, and tectonic evolution remain controversial. This article focuses on the geochronology and geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Group in order to resolve the above problems. We provide new SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating for the Mamianshan Group: 851.9 ± 9.2 to 825.5 ± 9.8 Ma for the Longbeixi Formation, 796.5 ± 9.3 Ma for the Dongyan Formation, and 756.2 ± 7.2 Ma for the Daling Formation. These ages document the existence of Neoproterozoic magmatism in the northwestern Cathaysia Block. Dongyan Nd-Sr isotopic data show that mafic amphibolite schists, mafic greenschists, and quartzofeldspathic schists were derived from a more depleted mantle (initial ε_Nd ? +5.5 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.703409643), a mixture of depleted mantle and crustal components (initial ε_Nd ? ?1 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.702045282–0.704147714), and late Palaeoproterozoic continental crustal materials (initial ε_Nd < ?1 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio 0.71083603), respectively. These new data, together with previous studies, suggest a bi-subduction-collision orogenic model for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. Our plate tectonic scenario involves earlier NW-dipping subduction during 1.0 Ga–860 Ma along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and later NW-dipping subduction near the northwestern margin of the Cathaysia Block starting at ca. 850 Ma. The 796.5 ± 9.3 Ma age of the volcanic Dongyan Formation suggests that the final assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks probably occurred after ca. 800 Ma. The 756.2 ± 7.2 Ma age of the Daling Formation indicates that post-orogenic extensional magmatism took place after 800 Ma along the northwestern margin of Cathaysia.     

Nd isotopic stratigraphy of Paleoproterozoic to late Paleozoic sedimentary strata of the southwestern Yangtze Block and implications for its tectonic evolution

ABSTRACT

A systematic Sm-Nd isotopic study is reported for Paleoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic strata from the Dongchuan area in the southwestern Yangtze Block. The results, combined with the available detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope data, constrain the provenances of these sedimentary rocks and further identify three important tectono-magmatic activities. Most of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic samples (Dongchuan Group) display a wide T_DM2 range of 1.92–2.52 Ga with corresponding ε_Nd(t) values of +4.0 to ?3.5, suggesting Paleoproterozoic-dominated provenances mixed with mantle-derived materials. This corresponds to the ~1.7–1.5 Ga mafic magmatic activities commonly occurred in the southwestern Yangtze Block, which are related to the early breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. The obvious vale of T_DM2 and apex of ε_Nd(t) occurred in the Neoproterozoic strata (~0.8 Ga) of the southwestern margin over the whole Yangtze Block. This is consistent with the widely recognized mantle-derived magmatism around the Yangtze Block related to the breakup of Rodinia. However, the decreases in Nd model ages are different among various regions, indicating that the Neoproterozoic mantle inputs are more profound in the southwestern and central Yangtze Block than the southeastern Yangtze and the Jiangnan orogenic belt. The late Ediacaran to early Cambrian strata from the southwestern Yangtze exhibit a decrease in T_DM2 (from 2.00 to 1.67 Ga) and increase in ε_Nd(t) (from ?9.0 to ?5.2). This is in accordance with the coeval juvenile crustal materials discovered in the northwestern Yangtze, which were probably derived from the assembly of the Gondwana continent. Thus, a Gondwanan affinity is suggested for the southwestern Yangtze Block. Overall, the Nd isotopic studies of the Paleoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic sedimentary strata from the southwestern Yangtze Block identified three major episodes of magmatic activities, late Paleoproterozoic (~1.7 Ga), Neoproterozoic (~0.8 Ga) and late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian (~0.55 Ga) in the context of Columbia, Rodinia and the subsequent Gondwana supercontinents.     

Geochronological (Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd) studies on intrusive gabbros and dolerite dykes from parts of Northern and Central Indian cratons: Implications for the age of onset of sedimentation in Bijawar and Chattisgarh basins and uranium mineralisation

The Dargawan gabbros intrusive into the Moli Subgroup of Bijawar Group, yielded Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 1967 ± 140 Ma. Based on the oldest age from overlying Lower Vindhyan (1.6Ga) and the underlying youngest basement ages (2.2 Ga), the time range of Bijawar sedimentation may be assigned as 2.1–1.6 Ga (Paleoproterozoic). Sm-Nd Model ages (T_DM), obtained, for Dargawan gabbros, is c. 2876–3145 Ma. High initial ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70451 (higher than the contemporary mantle) and negative ɛ_Ndi (at 1.9 Ga) value of −1.5 to − 4.5, indicate assimilation of Archaean lower crustal component by the enriched mantle source magma at the time of gabbroic intrusion. The dolerite, from Damdama area, which is intrusive into the basement and overlying sediments of Chandrapur Group in the central Indian craton, yielded Rb-Sr internal isochron age of 1641 ± 120 Ma. The high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7098 and ɛ_Ndi value of −3.5 to −3.7 (at 1.6 Ga) is due to contamination of the mantle source magma with the overlying sediments. These dolerites have younger Sm-Nd Model ages (T_DM) than Dargawan gabbros as c. 2462–2675 Ma, which is similar to the age of the Sambalpur granite, from which probably sediments to this part of Chattisgarh basin are derived. Hence mixing of sediments with the Damdama dyke during its emplacement, gives rise to high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and low initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴ ratios for these dykes. The c. 1600 Ma age indicates minimum age of onset of the sedimentation in the Chandrapur Group of Chattisgarh basin. Both the above mafic intrusions might have taken place in an intracratonic rift related (anorogenic) tectonic setting. This study is the first reliable age report on the onset of sedimentation in the Chandrapur Group. The total minimum time span of Chandrapur and Raipur Group may be 1.6 Ga to 1.0 Ga (Mesoproterozoic). The unconformably underlying Shingora Group of rocks of Chhattisgarh Supergroup thus indicates Paleoproterozoic age (older than 1.6 Ga). Most part of the recently classified Chattisgarh Supergroup and Bijawar-Vindhyan sequence are of Mesoproterozoic-Paleoproterozoic age and not of Neoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic age as considered earlier. Petrographic study of basic dykes from Damdama area (eastern margin of Chattisgarh Supergroup) indicated presence of primary uranium mineral brannerite associated with goethite. This is the evidence of mafic intrusive providing geotherm and helping in scavenging the uranium from the surrounding and later alterations causing remobilisation and reconcentration of pre-existing uranium in host rocks as well as in mafic dyke itself otherwise mafic rocks are poor source of uranium and can not have primary uranium minerals initially. It can be concluded that mafic dykes have role in uranium mineralisation although indirectly.