疏浚淤泥化学絮凝−真空预压深度脱水效果评价

为实现疏浚淤泥高效快速脱水减容,选取化学絮凝和真空预压相结合的脱水技术,利用自制真空预压抽滤装置对5种类型絮凝剂调理淤泥进行系列室内脱水试验,通过上清液高度、泥水分界面高度、沉降速率、底泥含水率等指标,综合评价疏浚淤泥沉降过程与深度脱水效果。结果表明：5种絮凝剂对应最优添加量分别为Ca(OH)2(1 500 mg/L)、PAFSI(200 mg/L)、PAC(200 mg/L)、HCA(50 mg/L)、APAM(500 mg/L);与原始淤泥自然沉降过程相比（底泥高度17.14 cm、含水率96.8%）,真空预压可实现絮凝调理淤泥脱水减容、底泥平均含水率降至53.5%,使底泥体积进一步压缩20.48%～36.99%;真空预压作用下,絮凝调理淤泥在50 min内达到沉降速率峰值,前120 min内淤泥絮凝效果明显、泥水分离程度占据主导;与原始淤泥真空预压对比,絮凝?真空预压大幅提升淤泥沉降速率、有效缩短峰值对应沉降时间,最优絮凝剂（APAM）底泥沉降速率峰值、淤泥总高度沉降速率峰值对应时间点缩短87.5%和83.33%,峰值速率分别增加3.56倍、5.18倍;添加适量絮凝剂能有效改善淤泥脱水性能,增大泥粒尺寸、防堵促排,加速疏浚淤泥沉降与泥水分离效率。化学絮凝?真空抽滤技术有利于实现疏浚淤泥减量化,显著缩短工期、加快施工进度、减少堆积占地,具有显著的工程应用价值。     

基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法

基于太沙基固结理论和淤泥质黏土的沉降规律,综合考虑瞬时沉降、主-次固结沉降各阶段的影响,提出了一种基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法。该方法仅需要对前期沉降速率进行最小二乘法分析,求得固结系数,从而可对淤泥质黏土沉降全过程进行预测。工程实例表明,该方法预测沉降量与实测值吻合很好,可为同类工程提供参考。     

新厝公路拓宽工程软土路基施工监测分析

福清新厝公路拓宽海堤段海堤内侧采用分级加载进行路基施工填筑软基加例处理,通过3个断面监测数据分析,最大水平位移日变量为2．28mm／d,最大沉降速率为5．97nm/d,各测点的沉降速率和水平位移均在安全控制范围之内。至监测末期最大总沉降量占淤泥层厚度7％,海堤地基固结度76．3％～85．0％,但尚有10．9～15．8m...     

侧向约束下柔性桩复合地基沉降特性

侧向约束技术在地基处理工程中能有效地减小地基沉降。本文结合铁路工程与软土工程特性,采用模型试验与数值模拟的方法,研究了侧向约束(桩)对柔性桩(夯实水泥土桩)复合地基沉降的影响,分析了柔性桩和土体沉降变化随荷载水平的变化规律,探讨了侧向约束条件下土体模量、桩间距等因素对地基沉降的影响。研究结果表明:在柔性桩复合地基中设置侧向约束桩,当土体压缩模量较小时,采用2d(d为桩径)或3d桩距皆能较好地降低桩的沉降量;随着土体压缩模量的增大,桩距采用3d时减沉作用降低、2d时减沉效果增强、4d时减沉作用不明显;桩间土体沉降量在桩距为2d及3d时,减沉作用呈现先减小后增大的特点,4d时其沉降量减小比值为4%~5%。因此,合理设置侧向约束桩才能有效限制软土侧向挤出,以达到减少复合地基沉降的目的。     

袋装砂井超载预压法的现场试验研究

介绍厦门某高速公路软基袋装砂井超载预压大型现场试验结果,讨论了竖向排水井超载预压地基加固效果。通过对测试成果的系统分析,认为厦门某高速公路地基经过加固处理后,其地基工后沉降能满足设计对地基变形的严格要求。结果还表明:安全控制应以沉降速率和水平位移速率为主,其标准可分别采用20mm/d和10mm/d。      

淤泥地基大板基础的试验研究

在淤泥地基上建造高耸输电铁塔,必须考虑地基的承载力与沉降变形.本文介绍了在含水量ω=76～82%的淤泥地基上,采用大板为基础建造铁塔,通过原型试验结果证明,选用此方案是可行的,不仅使地基达到了稳定,沉降均匀,确保了上部建筑的安全;而且施工简便,经济可靠,为在软土地基上建造这类高耸建筑物提供了新的技术途径.     

用单桩沉降估算群桩沉降的计算方法

由于群桩沉降计算时参数的选取不易把握,而单桩沉降较易得到,找到一种用单桩沉降来代替群桩沉降的方法无疑会使得问题变得简单。单桩沉降由桩身压缩和桩端沉降组成。采用桩身线弹性的假定计算单桩桩身压缩,利用分层总和法计算单桩桩端沉降。同时在群桩沉降计算时考虑桩身压缩对沉降的贡献,并用承台下的平均附加应力乘以桩端荷载传递系数后作为桩端的附加应力。根据单桩和群桩沉降计算时的异同,提出了一种用单桩的沉降估算群桩沉降的方法,使得在群桩沉降计算时,参数选取较为容易,且计算较为简单。最后介绍了该方法在桥梁工程桩基础沉降计算中的应用。     

唐山沿海地区地面沉降渗流固结耦合模拟研究

唐山沿海地区经济在迅速发展,沿海地区城市化规模在扩大,地下水开采量增大,地面沉降加剧.文中分析了唐山沿海地区的水文地质条件,概化为3个含水层、3个弱透水层,共6个压缩层.建立了三维地下水流和垂向一维压缩完全耦合模型.采用25a的观测资料校正模型,计算值与实测值拟合较好,模型具有较高的仿真性和适用性.预测了10a末的地面沉降;当地下水以现有开采量开采时,沉降中心累计达1192.3mm, 10a沉降352.3mm,沉降速率为35.23mma-1;当地下水的开采量在现有开采量的基础上增加10%时,沉降中心累计达1260.8mm, 10a沉降420.8mm,沉降速率为42.08mma-1; 当地下水的开采量在现有开采量的基础上减小10%时,沉降中心累计达1088.7mm, 10a沉降247.9mm,沉降速率为24.79mma-1.增大10%的地下水开采量, 10a地面沉降量增加68.5mm;减少10%的地下水开采量, 10a地面沉降量减少104.4mm.因此,控制地下水开采量是控制地面沉降的有效方法.     

北京朝阳金盏地区地面沉降垂向分层研究

金盏地区位于北京市东部,是北京平原区地面沉降最为严重的地区之一,其所在的北京平原东部沉降区也是全市沉降最显著的地区,沉降速率连续多年超过100mm/a,累计沉降量逐年增大。在金盏地区进行0～300m钻孔取芯实验,通过不同深度岩芯测试数据,系统分析该地区的土体力学性质,揭示地层结构。结合地层年代、岩性、埋藏条件、地下水补径排条件,在垂向上将0～300m地层划分为四个可压缩层,并根据不同可压缩层内地下水水位变化情况,选取可压缩层内2007～2017年不同地层沉降量进行计算,在累计1427.49mm沉降量中,第四可压缩层沉降量最大,达到1038.65mm。研究认为,当地层的砂土厚度较大时,对地面沉降的贡献是不容忽视的。     

红层填料蠕变特性及工程应用研究

为了保持轨道的平顺性和稳定性,高速铁路要求路堤的工后沉降为0。红层属于C类填料,易崩解、软化,依据单轴压缩蠕变（粒径小于2 mm和压实度为95 %）试验结果,对红层填料的蠕变特性进行了分析,同时基于工程应用的目的,根据蠕变曲线对路堤的工后沉降进行了预测,论证了采用红层作为填料在一定的施工工艺下能满足路堤工后0沉降的要求。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861