Application of wavelet packet in gravity anomaly processing

Based on the advantages of the wavelet to separate regional field and local anomalies in MATLAB environment,a high-precision regional-residual separation was finally realized. Analytical continuation and trend surface analysis are conventional methods for gravity anomaly separation. But the wavelet packet analysis in analyzing gravity data can make the gravity anomaly to be computed at a higher precision. In this paper,wavelet packet method is used to process gravity anomaly data obtained in Laos,and the separation result is good. Daubechies wavelet series has a higher precision in the wavelet packet.     

Full waveform inversion based on improved MLQN method

Full waveform inversion( FWI) is a challenging data-fitting procedure between model wave field value and theoretical wave field value. The essence of FWI is an optimization problem,and therefore,it is important to study optimization method. The study is based on conventional Memoryless quasi-Newton( MLQN)method. Because the Conjugate Gradient method has ultra linear convergence,the authors propose a method by using Fletcher-Reeves( FR) conjugate gradient information to improve the search direction of the conventional MLQN method. The improved MLQN method not only includes the gradient information and model information,but also contains conjugate gradient information. And it does not increase the amount of calculation during every iterative process. Numerical experiment shows that compared with conventional MLQN method,the improved MLQN method can guarantee the computational efficiency and improve the inversion precision.     

基于小波包变换的地震信号频带序号到结点序号的快速转换算法

针对小波包处理地震非平稳信号过程中存在的“跳频”现象,以及现有方法不能快速准确地得到地震信号高层次小波包分解时频带序号和结点序号的排列规律的弊端,基于小波包变换算法和异或运算,提出一种频带序号到结点序号的快速转换算法。基于MATLAB平台,以唐山南北向地震波为例,编制相应程序进行分析,得到的地震频带序号与其小波包树结点序号的排列规律与现有方法得到的结果完全一致,验证了该转换算法的正确性。     

小波分解-STFT方法在地形变观测数据中的应用

把小波分解与短时傅里叶变换（STFT）相结合,实现了对信号高频部分和低频部分的精细分解,同时给出信号高频部分的时频谱,结果直观明确,计算过程简单。这种方法不仅可以作为连续形变观测数据的常规分析方法,也可用于其他连续观测数据的分析。     

Study of frequency domain full waveform inversion based on Huber norm and L-BFGS algorithm

Full waveform inversion( FWI)is a high resolution inversion method,which can reveal detailed in-formation of the structure and lithology under comPlex geological background. It is limited by many kinds...     

Full waveform inversion based on initial model built from envelope inversion

Full waveform inversion is a fitting process based on full seismic wave field simulation data using the full waveform information in seismic records and theoretically it is the ultimate goal of seismic inversion.Howev-er, there are many problems to be solved in practical application.Firstly, it is the strong nonlinear problem be-tween the seismic wave field and inversion parameters;secondly, the lack of low-frequency information in seis-mic records.In this study, the envelope is used as objective function inversion to provide the inversion result for the multi-scale full waveform inversion as the initial model, solving the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records.Taking the envelope of seismic records as the objective function in combination of multi-scale full waveform inversion became a new inversion strategy, which naturally achieved the compensation of shortage of low-frequency information and inversion from low frequency to high frequency, reducing the non-linearity in the inversion process.The comparison of the result of full waveform inversion of the initial model built through envelope inversion with the result of the conventional multi-scale full waveform inversion indicates the effective-ness of envelope inversion for the recovery of low-frequency information in seismic records.     

地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。     

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基于小波包变换的爆破震动信号能量分析方法

爆破震动效应测试和分析对于评估工程爆破安全和爆破效果非常重要,但对于采集到的爆破震动信号,在数据的处理和分析上还存在着诸多不足.在阐释小波变换基本原理的基础上,给出了爆破震动信号能量分析方法的理论解析,并结合应用实例,对爆破震动信号进行小波包能量分解.研究结果表明,基于小波包变换的能量分析方法可以较好地揭示信号在不同频带范围内的局部分布特征,从而为可靠地进行建(构)筑物爆破震动效应安全评估奠定理论基础.     

基于小波分解与GA-LSSVM的GPS可降水量短临预报

针对GPS可降水量时间序列具有非线性、非平稳性的特征,研究一种基于小波分解（WD）、遗传算法（GA）和最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的GPS可降水量短临预报方法。先采用小波分解将GPS可降水量时间序列分解成便于预报的低频分量和高频分量;然后利用遗传算法优化LSSVM参数,进而对各分量建立预报模型;再将各分量预报结果进行叠加重构得到最终预报结果。选取两组数据进行实验,并将预报结果分别与LSSVM和遗传小波神经网络（GA-WNN）预报结果进行对比。结果表明,该组合模型具有良好的泛化能力,可有效解决神经网络易陷于局部极小的问题,提高了全局预报精度。     

High-resolution Surface Relative Humidity Computation Using MODIS Image in Peninsular Malaysia

1 Introduction The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System can be used in applied forestry as a tool to investigate and manage all types of fire management (Chrosciewicz, 1978; McRae, 1980; Fyles et al., 1991; McRae et al., 1994). The development of the FWI system (Van Wag- ner, 1987; 1990) over the last two decades allows the routine prediction of fire behavior from weather data (Fyles et al., 1991). The FWI is calculated from point measurements of air temperature, relative humidity…     

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基于EMD和小波的GPS/BDS变形监测中的多路径误差削弱方法

针对GPS/BDS实时监测坐标序列中多路径误差的周日重复特性和高频随机噪声,分别采用EMD以及EMD与小波阈值去噪相结合的方法对现有坐标序列构建多路径时序模型,并通过恒星日滤波削弱后续坐标序列中具有强相关性的多路径误差。实测数据的处理结果表明,EMD可以很好地去除GPS/BDS实时监测序列中的高频随机噪声并削弱多路径误差的影响,提高实时监测精度50%左右,EMD和小波组合方法较单EMD效果稍好。     

扩频通信中基于非抽取小波包变换的抗窄带干扰算法

提出了直接序列扩频通信系统中抑制窄带干扰的一种算法。该算法是将频移与非抽取小波包变换结合起来的一种方法。仿真结果表明该算法具有很好的鲁棒性，并且误比特率较低。     

基于CEEMDAN的GNSS变形监测去噪方法

为了提高GNSS变形监测数据去噪的有效性和可靠性,提出一种自适应完备集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, CEEMDAN)去噪方法。首先将GNSS变形序列经CEEMDAN分解为若干特征模态函数;其次引入排列熵理论确定高低频分界值K,利用小波分析对高频分量进行去噪,去噪后与低频分量重构得到去噪序列;最后通过仿真和实测边坡GNSS变形监测数据,利用信噪比、均方根误差、相关系数等指标对比分析CEEMDAN、EMD和小波去噪方法。结果表明,CEEMDAN方法的去噪效果和精度优于EMD和小波去噪方法,证明了本文所提方法的有效性和可靠性。     

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基于小波特征和神经网络的天然地震与人工爆破自动识别

采用福建地区天然地震和人工爆破事件波形记录，通过一维离散小波变换（DWT）及4层小波包变换（WPT）对信号进行分解，提取出用于识别的4种波形小波特征：小波能量比特征、小波包能量比特征、小波包香农熵特征及小波包对数能量熵，此外还提取出P/S震相振幅比；采用BP神经网络对4种小波特征及分别加入P/S震相振幅比的组合特征进行识别效果检验，结果表明，单小波判据小波能量比特征识别效果好；双判据组合P/S震相振幅比和小波包对数能量熵的组合识别效果最好，可考虑作为实际天然地震与人工爆破在线自动识别系统的识别判据。     

基于二维小波自适应阈值的海洋磁场资料去噪方法

构建海洋三维磁空间背景场模型时,解析延拓是实现不同高度磁场数据相互转换的关键。针对向下延拓数据中的高频信息极易被延拓算子放大,并包含在延拓后的磁场资料中,降低了三维磁空间背景场模型的构建精度,引入二维小波自适应阈值去噪方法,在不同小波分解阶层中设定自适应阈值,在向下延拓前去除磁测数据中的高频噪声,改善向下延拓结果。理论模型试验与实例分析表明,在不同噪声条件下,二维小波自适应阈值法可有效提高数据的信噪比,去噪效果优于传统的快速傅里叶（FFT）平滑法,从而有效改善频域迭代向下延拓结果,为三维磁空间背景场模型构建提供基础。