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固体传压高温高压岩石三轴实验中,固体传压介质是影响实验结果的重要因素,NaCl介质以它流动性好,围压均匀等特点,八十年代以来越来越受到人们青睐。本文用NaCl介质在〈3GPa固体传压三轴流变仪〉上进行了高温高压岩石流变特性的实验研究,并达到了较高的压力(〉2GPa)和温度(〉1200℃);本文同时利用NaCl介质对样品装样方式及温度、压力等相关测定方面进行了研究。 相似文献
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围压条件下岩石的抗拉强度 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用水压致裂法对7种岩石的厚壁圆筒试件进行不同围压下的抗拉强度实验,并从试件致裂瞬间的内壁环向应力σt,环向应变εt等五种参数随围压变化的角度,对围压条件下岩石的抗拉强度进行研究。结果表明,若用σt表示岩石的应力抗拉强度,则σt随围压的增加而减少,并由低围压时的拉应力逐渐过渡为高围压时的压应力。高围压时,虽然试件已处于三向受压状态,但其破裂仍表现为典型的张性破裂。从另一意义上讲,处于高围压环境中的岩石,其内部不可能存在拉应力,拉应力只在低围压状态中存在。若岩石的应变抗拉强度由εt表示,即使岩石三向受压,张性破裂的εt始终是拉应变,岩石的抗拉强度由应变来表征似乎更合理。εt先随围压的增大而增大,当围压超过某一特征值后,εt反随围压的增大而有所减少。 将上述结果应用于岩体(或地震)破裂,可以证明,当岩体内存在σ_3<μ(σ_1+σ_2)的应力状态时,即使三向受压,岩体照样会出现张性破裂。由此认为,地震的震源也存在着张性破裂的可能。 相似文献
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不同围压条件下花岗变形破坏过程中的声发射时序特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在室温、围压50-600MPa范围内,采用以Pb为转压介质的三轴实验装置,对花岗岩变形破坏过程中的声发射序列特征进行的研究表明,花岗岩强度随围压增加而增大。低围压下,样品破坏时系统不失稳,破裂前后声发射稀少且时间分布较为随机。随围压的增高,样品破坏时系统失稳,随后出现粘滑;声发射出现时间随围压增加而提前。以破坏时应力降发生时间为界,一个显著的特征是破前声发射累积数随时间指数增长,增长速率随围压增加 相似文献
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不同围压条件下花岗岩变形破坏过程中的声发射时序特征 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24
在室温、围压 50— 60 0MPa范围内 ,采用以Pb为围压介质的三轴实验装置 ,对花岗岩变形破坏过程中的声发射序列特征进行的研究表明 ,花岗岩强度随围压增加而增大 .低围压下 ,样品破坏时系统不失稳 ,破裂前后声发射稀少且时间分布较为随机 .随围压的增高 ,样品破坏时系统失稳 ,随后出现粘滑 ;声发射出现时间随围压增加而提前 .以破坏时应力降发生时间为界 ,一个显著的特征是破前声发射累积数随时间指数增长 ,增长速率随围压增加而加快 ;而破后各粘滑段的声发射累积数随时间却呈线性增长 .声发射b值随围压增加有减小的趋势 .声发射序列时间结构的 f(α) α谱研究表明 ,其多分形性质主要决定于时间密集特征 ,标度指数α的分布范围随围压增加有减小的趋势 .粘滑过程中 ,应力降幅度、应力降释放率及粘滑事件时间间隔均随围压增加而增大。 相似文献
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围压对低渗砂岩渗透率有效应力系数的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多孔岩石渗透率有效应力系数的取值至今仍没有一致的认识,影响取值的因素较为复杂.为了探索围压对低渗砂岩渗透率有效应力系数的影响,实验上采用较大的围压范围(10MPa~50MPa),选取两块低渗致密砂岩岩样,进行渗透率测试,并利用二元线性回归方法,计算了不同围压组合下的渗透率有效应力系数值,获取了该系数随围压的变化趋势.实验中,两块岩样的渗透率有效应力系数随围压的增加而减小,但各自的减小趋势略有不同.利用Bernabé和Berryman提出的模型,理论上解释了围压对渗透率有效应力系数的影响,并得到渗透率有效应力系数的下限值为岩样孔隙度.尽管渗透率有效应力系数不是一个常数,但可以表示为压差的函数,进而起到简化分析的作用. 相似文献
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本文根据岩石摩擦的自锁模型,通过数值模拟讨论了围压和围压介质刚度对粘滑及其应力降的影响。结果表明:围压的增大有利于发生粘滑;粘滑应力降随围压的增大而增大;天然地震应力降低于室内粘滑应力降是由围压介质刚度引起的。 相似文献
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固体介质压力标定一般分为2方面。其一是轴压标定,最有效的方法是轴压活塞反复前进和后退,根据活塞循环来获得摩擦力的大小,其中有2个关键环节:1)活塞和样品接触点的确定;2)动摩擦力的确定。其二是围压标定,最有效的方法是利用矿物相变,适用于固体压机压力标定的相变有:石英-柯石英相变、钠长石-硬玉+石英相变,其适合温压范围分别为:500~1200℃、2.5~3.2GPa,600~1200℃、1.6~3.2GPa。我们对2GPa固体介质高温高压实验设备进行了轴压标定,在不同温度、围压、活塞速率等条件下进行了实验,结果表明:围压、温度、活塞运动速率等因素都对动摩擦力有不同程度的影响。因此,轴压标定应该针对不同的实验条件分别进行 相似文献
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国家地震局地球物理研究所 本高压容器是我国第一台10000公斤/厘米~2液体围压的三轴试验容器。容器的高压腔尺寸为φ8.5吤厘米 可放置φ2.5.5厘米的岩石样品及各种探头。它以9138油泵为侧向压力源 可产生0-10000公斤/厘米~2的围压 能模拟地壳深部30公里处的压力环境。与长江500型岩石三轴应力试验机配套使用 可进行岩石三轴压力破裂试验。容器简体采用了三层缩套配合结构 液压油进出口及电测导线的引出均在底座及大柱塞上轴向开孔 以免应力集中。上密封和下密封采用三角垫及密封环密封 引线密封采用锥塞及密封绝缘锥套密封。 相似文献
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以800MPa高温高压三轴室为例,介绍了简体热应力计算方法和结果。分析讨论了热应力对筒体安全性的影响,指出高温差低载荷是最危险的情况,并提出预防与解决的方法。 相似文献
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利用我国第一台1GPa高压三轴容器进行了岩石破坏实验.所用的样品为济南辉长岩、昌平花岗岩、房山大理岩和周口店石灰岩.得到的主要结果是:(1)在相应于地壳的压力范围内辉长岩和花岗岩仍然发生脆性破坏, 其强度和韧度随围压增加而增加, 破坏角也随围压增加而增大, 破坏前发生体积膨胀现象并出现声发射活动增加的前兆;(2)大理岩和石灰岩样品在0.1——0.8GPa的围压范围内发生鼓状变形, 不形成明显的主断层面, 样品承载能力随变形增加而增加, 出现应变硬化现象.在变形过程中声发射活动水平极低。这些实验标志着我国岩石力学三轴实验的围压水平有所提高其结果对震源物理的研究具有参考价值. 相似文献
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF INTERGRANULAR PRESSURE SOLUTION OF PLAGIOCLASE GOUGE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE: METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
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To understand the mechanism of lower-crust earthquake and slow slips, it is necessary to study the frictional properties of mafic rocks and their major rock-forming minerals. Previous studies have performed a series of experimental researches on gabbro, basalt and their major constituents.
According to the results of previous experiments, frictional sliding of plagioclase under hydrothermal conditions(100~600℃)shows a property of velocity weakening, and the experimental results show that both the direct rate effect parameter(a)and the healing effect parameter(b)increase with temperature, a typical feature for thermally-activated processes. Velocity weakening means property of a shear band that has a stronger friction healing effect than the direct rate effect in the rate and state friction constitutive framework, and the healing effect(b value)in constitutive relation mainly reflects the increase in contact area with time under hydrothermal conditions, with some minor effect of structural changes. Since the microphysical mechanism of feldspar minerals at the contacts is mainly brittle cataclasis for temperatures below 600℃, the significant frictional healing effect in this case can only be explained by the mechanism of pressure solution. In order to determine if the dissolution process of plagioclase actually occurs on the laboratory time scale, we conducted hydrostatic experiments on plagioclase powder samples under hydrothermal conditions whereby frequent contact switch between particles seen in frictional sliding experiments can be avoided, making the observation on the dissolution sites possible.
Experimental temperatures were 400℃ and 500℃, with confining pressure of 90~150MPa, pore pressure of 30MPa, with 2mm initial thickness of fault gouge. The mechanical data show that a creep process occurred in the plagioclase fault gouge in the experimental temperature and pressure range; and the microstructures of the experiment show that precipitation of new grains is prevalent as the product of pressure solution process between plagioclase particles. At the same time, it is observed that the contact points have an appearance similar to fused, fuzzy structure as signatures of dissolution. The results of our experiments provide a definite experimental evidence for the healing mechanism in friction of plagioclase and for the theoretical relation between unstable slip and the pressure solution process.
The results of the experiments are summarized as follows:
(1)Drainage rate of pore water in plagioclase gouge was high in the first few hours of experiment, but gradually decreases over time for both temperature and pressure series of experiments slowing down to a steady state. This feature indicates that there is a creep process that evolves inside the plagioclase gouge.
In the temperature-series experiments, the drainage rate of the pore water in the plagioclase gouge at 400℃ is relatively low than the cases for higher temperatures. Thus, the applied temperature is positively correlated with the creep of plagioclase gouge.
(2)Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observations of the experimentally deformed samples were performed on thin sections cut along the sample axis. Firstly, from the images of microstructure, it was found that the degree of particle fracture became more significant at a higher effective pressure, with smaller pore volume between particles. In the temperature-series experiments it was found that the degree of compaction of plagioclase gouge increased with increasing temperature. Precipitation of plagioclase grains in layered structures was generally observed in high-magnification images, indicating the presence of pressure solution processes. Contact points were also found to be in a state of ambiguity that seems to be a fused morphology, but the details of the structure remain to be determined by further observations.
The above results indicate that the pressure solution process of plagioclase particles can occur on a typical laboratory time scale, and the results of this study provide robust experimental evidences for the theory that links between pressure solution and the mechanism of frictional healing and unstable slips for plagioclase. 相似文献