汉中盆地近45年气温变化特征

运用统计诊断方法分析了汉中盆地近45 a平均气温距平的年、季、地域变化特征。结果表明,汉中盆地的年平均气温总体呈上升趋势,上升率为0.1oC/10 a;汉中盆地的增暖幅度小于我国的气温增暖幅度;汉中盆地增温在90年代以后非常明显,增温幅度达0.66oC/10 a,高于全国同期均值。四季气温增暖幅度在不同年代差异很大。盆地内不同地域增温幅度也不相同。通过分析汉中盆地气温变化规律,为短期气候预测和农业生产提供了一定的理论依据。     

20世纪80年代以来黑龙江气候变暖的初步分析

利用观测资料,分析了黑龙江120年以来气候变暖的特征.研究指出,20世纪80年代以来,全球气候变暖已成为人们关注的焦点,黑龙江地处中高纬气温明显变暖,近120年来年平均气温上升1.4℃;冬春季升幅最大为1.8℃,气温突变在1990年前后.从年、季平均气温变化趋势与全国及北半球、全球气温变化的比较得出,年、冬季我国增暖中心在黑龙江,春季在内蒙古北部及黑龙江,夏秋增暖不明显,但仍有上升趋势.20世纪50～70年代黑龙江及全国各大区域普遍增暖不明显,80年代黑龙江增暖幅度开始增大,三北(东北、华北、西北)地区次之.90年代黑龙江增暖更加显著,而全国及其他区域上升已达到80年代北方增温幅度.研究还指出黑龙江气温与北半球、全球气温变化趋势基本一致,尤其80年代至今气温都有显著的上升.     

近57年巴彦淖尔市平均最高最低气温及日较差变化

利用1954年-2010年内蒙古巴彦淖尔市9个台站的月平均最高、最低气温观测资料,对巴彦淖尔市年、季平均最高、最低气温变化趋势的空间分布状况和时间变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,近57年来,巴彦淖尔市年平均最高气温的变化特征呈现北部增暖幅度明显大于南部,且近十年呈弱降温趋势;年平均最低气温与全国各地基本一致,呈明显的变暖趋势;无论是年还是季,平均最低气温的增暖幅度明显大于平均最高气温的增幅;年平均日较差多呈下降趋势,并在北部地区尤为明显,各季平均日较差亦均呈下降趋势,并以冬季的下降幅度为最大;年平均最高气温和最低气温的变化在年代际变化上基本呈现较为一致的变化,即57年来主要的变暖均是从20世纪80年代中期开始,均在90年代后期达到了近57年来的历史新高,最高气温近十年来又略有回落。     

石家庄地区近46 a温度变化特征

利用石家庄地区1961～2006年5个气象站气温资料,分析了该地区的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、平均日较差以及炎热日和寒冷日的年际以及各月的变化特征。分析结果表明,近46a来,石家庄地区的气候显著增暖,平均气温冬季增暖幅度最大,夏季最小,2月份增暖幅度最大,5月份最小。与平均气温变化趋势相一致,最高温度和最低温度也呈上升趋势,其中最低温度的升高趋势远大于平均气温和最高温度。石家庄地区中东部增暖幅度较大。近46a平均日较差显著减小,这主要是因为最低气温的升高幅度大于最高气温。寒冷日数显著减少,炎热日数增加不明显,西部、北部和南部的炎热日数甚至呈弱的减少趋势。     

东北地区气温变化对粮食产量的影响

分析了东北地区１９５１￣１９９４年作物生长季（６￣９月）旬平均气温变化及其对粮食产量的影响。结果表明，作物生长季气温度变化有明显的增暖趋势，主要表现在８０年代以后，其增温幅度小于平均气温升温幅度，通过气温变化与粮食产量关系及作物生育关键期气温的变化对产量贡献的分析，进一步阐明东北地区气温升高有利于粮食增产。     

20世纪80～90年代我国气候增暖进程的统计事实

运用统计诊断方法分析了近50年来我国年平均及四季的气温变化特征，重点研究了20世纪90年代和80年代气温变化的主要差异及其增暖进程。结果表明，我国年平均气温是呈上升趋势的，但80年代以前年代际变化并不明显, 升温幅度不大。我国气候增暖始于20世纪80年代后期，90年代增暖加速，急剧增暖的主要原因是长江流域以南地区经历了由偏冷向偏暖的趋势转变。我国四季气温变化趋势在80～90年代增暖的进程中存在明显差异:其中冬季增暖开始时间最早、幅度最大、持续时间最长；90年代我国气候增暖急剧加速，其原因除了冬季气温持续攀升作用外，春、夏、秋季气温上升, 特别是春、夏季增暖幅度的加大增暖区域的显著扩展也起到很重要的作用。     

近40年哈尔滨的气温变化与城市化影响

利用近40年地面观测资料,统计分析了哈尔滨地区各县市的年平均气温及最高、最低气温的变化规律及差异。结果表明,在全国增暖的背景下,哈尔滨各县市的年平均气温普遍呈增暖趋势,但同一区域里各县市气温的增温幅度明显不同,位于城郊的县市,其增温幅度明显小于近城区的县市,而且增暖主要是在20世纪80年代以后：不同季节的气温变化趋势也存在明显差异,冬季气温呈明显增暖趋势,但夏季增暖不显著;80年代以后,冬季寒冷日数明显减少,夏季“热带夜”和高温日数呈增多趋势。     

多种方法分析城市化对保定气温变化的贡献

文章通过三种方法构造不同的背景气温序列,分析近33a(1979—2011年)城市化对保定气温变化的影响。结果表明:(1)对比保定站与郊区背景站气温资料得到城市热岛效应导致的增暖幅度为0.15℃/10a,城市化贡献率为30.3%。(2)用NCEP/DOE的2m气温再分析资料为背景得到的城市化增温幅度为0.238℃/10a,分离出的城市化贡献率为48.08%。(3)比较城市站与山区背景站资料得出年均气温的城市化增暖幅度为0.216℃/10a,贡献率为43.64%。(4)三种方法计算得出的城市化增温幅度及贡献率各不相同,却一致表明城市化对保定年气温的增暖贡献较为显著。     

大连地区近44 a冬季气温的变化特征

利用大连地区1960-2004年的气温资料，应用一元线性回归、小波分析、气候趋势系数等方法，对大连地区气温的季节一年际变化特征进行了研究，着重分析了该地区冬季气温年际、年代际变化的时空特征。结果发现，大连四季都有增暖的变化趋势，其中春、冬两季增暖的速度最快；20世纪60年代大连地区的冬季气温呈下降趋势，从70年代以后，冬季气温呈明显的增暖趋势，特别是90年代以后这种增暖趋势十分显著，而且增暖的幅度全区分布不均匀；大连地区冬季气温与全国冬季气温年代际变化的步调基本一致。     

肇庆市近54a气温变化特征分析

采用统计分析方法、Mann-Kendall法和小波分析等方法,对1961~2014年肇庆市6个区域气象观测站的年平均气温、季平均气温、年最高气温和年最低气温等气候要素作了较全面的分析。结果表明:近54a来肇庆市6个区域年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,增温速率最高为广宁县,0.24℃.(10a)-1,最低为怀集县,0.11℃.(10a)-1;季平均气温变化幅度最大的是秋季,其次为冬季,变化幅度最小为夏季;年最高气温除怀集县呈下降趋势,其余5个区域均呈上升趋势,而年最低气温6个区域均呈显著上升趋势;肇庆市气候变暖主要是由秋季和冬季的升温增暖造成的;近54a来封开县发生两次气温突变,其余地区在80到90年代先后发生增温性突变;周期分析显示,肇庆市年平均气温均具有30a、12a、8a和5a的周期性特征。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.