现代盐湖型钾盐成矿遥感预测——以扎布耶盐湖为例

通过遥感图像处理与目视解译,对扎布耶盐湖典型矿床从控矿构造、矿物质来源、湖盆封闭性和沉降性、地形地貌、水热活动、遥感色异常及退宿湖痕迹等因素进行了总结,初步建立主要盐类矿产资源的遥感找矿模式。经过综合分析,对比扎布耶盐湖典型矿床的成矿地质条件,以近矿找矿标志及遥感成矿信息为依据圈定了24个成矿条件优越、遥感找矿标志明显的区域为钾盐矿最小预测区。该研究可为矿产潜力评价及以后的工作奠定基础。     

南极海冰遥感现场对比实验

南极海冰区是影响全球气候 -环境变化的关键区域之一 ,卫星遥感资料是获取大区域海冰地球物理特征参数的最有效的手段。但是 ,在南半球晚冬-初春期间 ,卫星遥感反演的海冰资料的误差较大 ,精度较低。 2 0 0 3年 9- 1 0月 ,由澳大利亚南极局组织 ,包括中国等 7个国家 ,1 4个研究单位的科学家参加 ,以澳大利亚破冰船“南极光号”为现场工作平台 ,在东南极季节海冰带 ,通过与美国宇航局 (NASA)、日本宇宙开发促进会合作开展的卫星、飞机、船、冰站立体联合观测 ;对AMSR E等卫星遥感产生的海冰地球物理参数 (海冰密集度、雪盖厚度、海冰物理温度等 )进行地面详细验证 ,建立遥感数据与地面实测数据的统计关系 ,以发现各种卫星资料反演算式的使用范围和局限性 ,为改进卫星资料反演算式提供依据。     

GIS,multi‐criteria and multi‐factor spatial analysis for the probability assessment of the existence of illegal landfills

This work deals with the identification of potentially contaminated areas using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi‐criteria spatial analysis. The identification of unknown illegal landfills is a crucial environmental problem in all developed and developing countries, where a large number of illegal waste deposits exist as a result of fast, and relatively unregulated, industrial growth over the past century. The criteria used to perform the spatial analysis are here selected by considering the characteristics which are ‘desirable’ for an illegal waste disposal site, chiefly related to the existence of roads for easy access and to a low population density which facilitates unnoticed dumping of illegal waste materials. A large dataset describing known legal and illegal landfills and the context of their location (population, road network, etc.) was used to perform a spatial statistical analysis to select factors and criteria allowing for the identification of the known waste deposits. The final result is a map describing the likelihood of an illegal waste deposit to be located at any arbitrary location. Such a probability map is then used together with remote sensing techniques to narrow down the set of possibly contaminated sites (Silvestri and Omri, 2008 Silvestri, S. and Omri, M. 2008. A method for the remote sensing identification of uncontrolled landfills: formulation and validation.. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(4): 975–989. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), which are candidates for further analyses and field investigations. The importance of the integration of GIS and remote sensing is highlighted and represents a key instrument for environmental management and for the spatially‐distributed characterization of possible uncontrolled landfill sites.     

基于SAIL模型的多角度多光谱遥感叶面积指数反演

随着多角度传感器的陆续出现及植被遥感传输机理研究的深入,多角度遥感逐渐成为地表信息反演的热点问题.以SAIL冠层反射率模型为基础,通过联合多角度和多光谱数据,可以从物理机理角度进行植被叶面积指数(LAI)反演的应用研究.首先通过计算得到多角度多光谱遥感影像的角度信息,并经6S模型纠正后得到多光谱多角度植被冠层反射率数据.然后将PROSPECT模型模拟出的植被叶片反射率和透过率,以及多角度观测数据、LAI和其它实测数据输入SAIL模型,模拟得到了多角度多光谱冠层反射率,进而建立多角度多光谱冠层反射率与LAI的查找表.最后,将影像的多角度多光谱冠层反射率与查找表进行匹配,实现植被LAI的反演.最后对反演结果进行了验证和分析,结果表明反演精度较高,误差均在合理范围之内.     

定量遥感尺度效应刍议

目前定量遥感在面向国家需求、面向基础研究方面,存在海量遥感数据无法有效利用、定量遥感研究缺乏普适性和系统性、遥感应用难以再上新台阶等主要问题。因此,目前的遥感科学研究需要整合,需要向前迈出一大步。由于地表的异质性,我们如果只停留在演绎普适的机理模型在特定地点作个性化的处理,是不能适合地学的应用和研究的。必须在已有的反演和实验数据的基础上,用归纳的方法,总结出一些规律性的东西。走我国自然地理学"自上而下的演绎方法和自下而上归纳方法的结合"研究"尺度综合"的路子,在解决遥感科学核心问题"尺度效应"方面先搭建一个方法框架,同时建立几个开放的相关平台(如数据,反演,计算机模拟,等等),与有关学科的专家共享。     

内陆水体水质参数光谱特征与定量遥感

该文在分析内陆水体及其主要水质参数的光谱特征的基础上 ,讨论了水质遥感监测常用的遥感数据和方法 ,对近年来国内外遥感技术特别是高光谱技术在内陆水体水质监测中的应用研究现状和进展进行了综述 ,并提出未来此领域的发展方向及研究工作的重点     

A Reconnaissance Method for Delineation of Tracts for Regional-Scale Mineral-Resource Assessment Based on Geologic-Map Data

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposing to conduct a global mineral-resource assessment using geologic maps, significant deposits, and exploration history as minimal data requirements. Using a geologic map and locations of significant pluton-related deposits, the pluton-related-deposit tract maps from the USGS national mineral-resource assessment have been reproduced with GIS-based analysis and modeling techniques. Agreement, kappa, and Jaccard's C correlation statistics between the expert USGS and calculated tract maps of 87%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, have been achieved using a combination of weights-of-evidence and weighted logistic regression methods. Between the experts' and calculated maps, the ranking of states measured by total permissive area correlates at 84%. The disagreement between the experts and calculated results can be explained primarily by tracts defined by geophysical evidence not considered in the calculations, generalization of tracts by the experts, differences in map scales, and the experts' inclusion of large tracts that are arguably not permissive. This analysis shows that tracts for regional mineral-resource assessment approximating those delineated by USGS experts can be calculated using weights of evidence and weighted logistic regression, a geologic map, and the location of significant deposits. Weights of evidence and weighted logistic regression applied to a global geologic map could provide quickly a useful reconnaissance definition of tracts for mineral assessment that is tied to the data and is reproducible.     

地学应用中的遥感图像处理若干问题的分析

遥感技术在地理学应用中是如何从遥感影像上直观、准确的得到所需的信息,为本专业服务。文章从地学应用部门在进行遥感影像处理时遇到的几个问题:多光谱数据的选取与合成;多源信息的复合;新型图像分类器的应用;专题提取的精度等方面的进展作了分析。     

Estimation of undiscovered deposits in quantitative mineral resource assessments—examples from Venezuela and Puerto Rico

Quantitative mineral resource assessments used by the United States Geological Survey are based on deposit models. These assessments consist of three parts: (1) selecting appropriate deposit models and delineating on maps areas permissive for each type of deposit; (2) constructing a grade-tonnage model for each deposit model; and (3) estimating the number of undiscovered deposits of each type. In this article, I focus on the estimation of undiscovered deposits using two methods: the deposit density method and the target counting method.In the deposit density method, estimates are made by analogy with well-explored areas that are geologically similar to the study area and that contain a known density of deposits per unit area. The deposit density method is useful for regions where there is little or no data. This method was used to estimate undiscovered low-sulfide gold-quartz vein deposits in Venezuela.Estimates can also be made by counting targets such as mineral occurrences, geophysical or geochemical anomalies, or exploration plays and by assigning to each target a probability that it represents an undiscovered deposit that is a member of the grade-tonnage distribution. This method is useful in areas where detailed geological, geophysical, geochemical, and mineral occurrence data exist. Using this method, porphyry copper-gold deposits were estimated in Puerto Rico.     

城市绿量测算模式及信息系统

作者提出了以彩红外航片判读和计算机模拟技术测算绿量、建立绿量数据库、及对该数据库的GIS化开发形成绿量信息管理系统的一整套理论技术与方法。     

基于遥感监测的城市热岛研究进展

全球正经历快速、高强度的城市化,导致城市热岛加剧,并对城市、区域乃至全球许多的生态环境要素直接或间接地产生多方面的影响,与人类福祉密切相关。遥感具有宽覆盖、信息量大、重复观测周期短等优点,已成为地表城市热岛(Surface Urban Heat Island, SUHI)监测广泛采用的一种方法。针对前人相关研究对热红外数据源、监测指标及SUHI时空变化规律尚缺乏系统总结且内容需要更新等问题,本文首先分类评述了SUHI遥感监测所采用的热红外遥感数据源。其次将现有的SUHI监测指标分为土地覆盖类型驱动型、地表温度格局驱动型及两者复合驱动型3类来述评,详细介绍了它们的计算方法、应用案例及优缺点;并从日间变化、夜间变化及昼夜对比的变化3个方面述评了SUHI的年内时空变化规律;归纳了其年际变化规律。最后,依据现有研究结论中相互冲突或尚需深化的地方,指出几个潜在的关键问题或研究方向。     

基于CiteSpace国内干旱遥感监测的知识图谱分析

利用CiteSpace软件对1995—2017年中国知网的"SCI来源期刊"、"EI来源期刊"、"核心期刊"以及"CSSCI来源期刊"数据库中有关干旱遥感监测研究的642篇文献进行可视化分析得到知识图谱。结果表明:国内经历了传统基于站点的干旱监测、小范围的干旱遥感监测试验到大范围干旱遥感监测及应用三个阶段;干旱遥感监测主要从"干旱监测"、"遥感监测"、"温度植被干旱指数"、"土壤湿度"、"地表温度"以及"归一化植被指数"等方向展开;王鹏新、张树誉、张强等是主要的发文作者;中国科学院、中国气象局、中国农业大学等是主要的发文机构。基于多源信息的干旱综合监测模型、大范围干旱监测评估、预警以及决策支持系统、干旱遥感监测技术在社会服务方面的应用以及加强国内学者与机构之间的交流合作是未来国内干旱监测研究几个重要方面。     

七十年代以来美国土地调查遙感应用的发展

第二次世界大战以后,美国的土地利用研究把大量注意力放在城市化及共对土地利用的影响上,许多部门忙于编制土地利用现状图,以便为城市的扩展进行有效的规划,用全色中比例尺航片进行土地利用制图,则是人们公认的收集土地利用信息的合适方法。     

以遥感为基础的干旱监测方法研究进展

总结了目前广泛应用的气象监测模型和基于遥感数据的干旱监测模型,将目前的遥感监测方法分为植被状态监测方法、微波土壤水分监测方法、热红外遥感监测方法和基于能量平衡的遥感监测方法进行综述,深入分析了基于遥感数据的监测方法的特点、适用条件和存在的问题。通过综述基于多源数据的干旱综合监测模型,对未来干旱监测方法的发展方向进行研究和探讨,指出集成多源数据的干旱综合监测模型是解决复杂的干旱监测问题的新方法。     

Evaluation of vegetative criteria for near-surface groundwater detection using multispectral mapping and GIS techniques in semi-arid Botswana

The critical need to consider all options in the search for groundwater in semi-arid areas has promoted work on the possible association of near-surface groundwater and vegetation characteristics using a combination of remote-sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. Two vegetative criteria (dense woody cover and abundance of deep-rooting species) are identified as being indicative of near-surface groundwater, and their spatial distribution is tested against the location of aquifers in southeast Botswana. Vegetative criteria classes were combined in a GIS environment with the distribution of geomorphic units and bedrock geology to determine the degree of coincidence with assumed or known aquifers. Results indicate that the distribution of dense woody vegetation as mapped from Thematic Mapper imagery has some potential in identifying especially surficial but also bedrock near-surface groundwater sources in mostly naturally vegetated semi-arid areas. Dense woody cover classes tend to select aquifers in topographically higher areas while classes comprising some deep-rooting species tend to select low-lying aquifers such as those occurring in fossil valleys. Deep-rooting species, however, are less successful as a vegetative criterion. Although various technical refinements are suggested, this work shows that vegetative criteria mapping can however be used in conjunction with conventional geological/geophysical techniques to enhance the prospects for groundwater location in relatively undisturbed semi-arid areas.     

Estimation of net primary productivity in China using remote sensing data

1 IntroductionAs a major part of terrestrial ecosystem, vegetation plays an important role in the energy, matter and momentum exchange between land surface and atmosphere. Through the process of photosynthesis, land plants assimilate carbon in atmosphere and incorporate into dry matter while part of carbon is emitted into atmosphere again through plant respiration. The remainder of photosynthesis and respiration is called net primary productivity (NPP), which is important in the global carbon…     

Inventory of mangrove wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary of China using remote sensing

Mangrove forests have important ecological functions in protecting the environment. However, the mangrove wetlands have been largely lost because of intensified human activities in the study area. Remote sensing can be conveniently used for the inventory of mangrove forests because field investigation is very difficult. In this study, a knowledge-based system is developed to retrieve spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove wetlands using multi-temporal remote sensing data. Radar remote sensing data are also used to provide complementary information for the quantitative analysis of mangrove wetlands. Radar remote sensing is able to penetrate mangrove forests and obtain the trunk information about mangrove structures. The integration of radar remote sensing with optical remote sensing can significantly improve the accuracies of classifying mangrove wetland types and estimating wetland biomass.     

珠江口红树林湿地演变与现状的遥感分析

1 Introduction Half of the mangrove wetlands in China are situated in Guangdong province (Wang and Chen, 1998). The province used to have various types of wild mangrove forests along its coastal areas. The rapid expansion of urban areas and the fast deve…     

基于多策略的极地遥感反演模型集成研究

极地遥感反演模型是极地研究的一种非常重要的工具.遥感反演模型对极地研究具有重要性,分析遥感反演模型的特点,以持续性、业务化、统一调用为目标,提出极地遥感反演模型集成应用架构.基于该集成方案,提出基于多策略的模型改造方法,并从三个方面详细论述模型的集成模式.基于可执行程序的模型改造方法对模型进行改造,采用应用端的模型集成...     

从光谱指数到融合数据集的全球植被遥感数据产品

遥感对地观测为理解陆地植被动态与全球环境变化规律提供了数据基础,基于卫星观测的全球植被遥感数据产品近年来层出不穷,但缺乏基于数据使用者视角的系统梳理。本文回顾了全球植被遥感数据产品的发展历程,梳理了相关卫星计划及对应数据产品,分析了从植被光谱指数到生物物理特征参量、传统光学遥感反演到叶绿素荧光及星载微波反演产品、从单一传感器生产到多数据源—多数据集融合产品的发展脉络,阐述了全球植被遥感数据产品的来源、特征与关联关系。认为当前全球植被遥感数据产品的生产与应用存在一定脱节,遥感产品精度制约了对地球系统的深入理解。全球植被遥感数据产品正从宏观状态监测向专业化、精细化、标准化转变,建议未来制备全球遥感数据产品应充分利用目前已积累的长时序观测数据,融合多源观测资料,提升现有数据集的时空分辨率、精度及连续性;注重提高特殊区域与特定类型生态系统的反演精度,加强多维植被特征的一体化监测;建立全球植被产品数据共享平台,提供标准的全流程数据处理与分发服务,将数据不确定性信息高效、清晰提供给用户。