城市立体交通网络通达性测度研究

针对目前城市立体交通网络通达性研究现状,提出基于GIS和空间句法模型的城市立体交通网络通达性测度方法,分别对现状平面路网、现状立体路网和规划立体路网进行空间句法分析,从而全面测度城市立体交通网络的通达性水平。合肥市中心城区的案例研究显示:与平面路网相比,建设高架道路打造立体路网能够提高城市交通通达性,但提高效果有限,且主要表现在总体通达性的改善上,对于局部通达性的改善成效并不明显;与现状立体路网相比,规划立体路网对局部通达性的提高则更为有效和显著。该文可为城市立体交通网络通达性研究提供理论方法参考和实践应用借鉴,为制定城市交通规划和政策提供科学依据。     

北京城市办公空间通达性感知研究

城市交通条件是城市运营与发展的基本环节,决定着城市的运行效率以及城市空间结构优化.本文基于问卷调查的抽样数据,以北京城区10个办公集聚区为研究区,运用多维标度分析方法,对研究区内通达性的被调查人主观感知进行分析评价,结合主观感知与实际测算客观数据的对比,比较城市内部不同办公集聚区之间通达性感知的差异性.研究表明:①以地面交通和轨道交通为主导的公共交通是北京城市居民选择通勤的主要交通工具,近50％的人更倾向于选择5～10 min的步行时间达到公共交通站点和休闲娱乐设施场所;②城市内部不同办公集聚区的从业人员通达性感知情况与客观实际分析存在显著差异性;③办公集聚区通达性主客观等级的差异,反映了交通通达性的测度不仅要关注站点距离,更应该关注出行者心理感知和出行换乘的便利程度,特别是交通站点到工作地之间的“最后一公里”联通问题;④5～10 min的步行圈是城市活动的基本单元,它不仅可作为城市公共交通站点及配套设施的规划设计单元,而且应将其作为推动北京城市改善和提高空间通达性的重要手段.     

广州城市通达性综合评价及空间差异

广州市在2000 年提出“东进、西联、南拓、北优”的城市空间发展战略,2010 年初步形成“两心四城”城市空间格局,随后在发展战略中加入“中调”,以进一步优化城市发展布局,谋求在2020 年形成多中心、组团式、网络型的城市空间架构。城市空间发展战略调整有赖于城市交通基础设施建设的支撑,同时交通基础设施的完备程度与密度也是进行城市通达性差异研究的重要基础。近年来,广州的城市交通通达性发生了深刻变化,对城市空间结构布局产生了深远影响。在此背景下,借助地理信息系统,运用网格分区法对广州市交通基础设施进行区域划分和密度计算;进一步结合快速轨道交通（地铁）网络的时间通达性度量,对广州市的城区通达性进行综合评价,并分析其空间特征。研究结果表明,广州市城区的通达性呈现同心环状的空间分布格局,区域差异性较大,城市空间布局有待进一步完善和优化。在此基础上,基于地铁网络时间通达性和区域交通基础设施密度值进行区位等级划分,探讨区位因素与交通通达性的相互关系;并结合城市公共、商业服务设施和住宅区的空间特征差异,进一步甄别广州城市通达性空间格局特征和区域差异,从而为城市建设和空间发展提供科学参考。     

交通通达性对中国城市增长趋同影响的空间计量分析

交通基础设施建设是促进城市经济增长与趋同的重要手段。在新古典增长模型基础上,构建城市增长趋同的空间计量分析模型框架,利用1990-2012年中国273个地级以上城市数据,探讨城市间通达性和口岸通达性的改善对城市经济趋同的影响。研究发现：城市经济增长存在显著的空间相关性,趋同分析更适用空间计量方法;中国城市经济增长存在绝对趋同现象,且2001年后的趋同速度较20世纪90年代更快;全国层面,城市间通达性对城市经济增长及趋同的影响逐渐显现。进入21世纪后,通达性水平提升延缓了城市经济趋同速度,区域差距被进一步拉大。但在地区层面,城市间通达性的改善促进了东部、中部和西部地区内部城市的趋同;口岸通达性对全国城市经济的影响不显著,但对各地区城市趋同产生明显不同的影响。20世纪90年代到公路及水运口岸的通达性促进了中部城市的增长趋同,到公路和铁路口岸的通达性则延缓了西部城市的趋同速度。21世纪以后,公路口岸通达性主要影响中部和西部城市,铁路口岸主要影响东部城市的趋同进程。四类口岸通达性对东北城市的影响均不显著;最后,从促进城市经济增长与趋同角度,对交通基础设施建设的相关政策进行了讨论。     

武汉都市圈城际联系通达性的测度与分析

空间- 距离- 通达性已经成为城市区域一体化联系与发展的先决条件。当前都市圈城际联 系发展与交通网络建设存在明显的不同步现象, 矛盾解决的关键是优化其路网通达性空间格局。 以武汉都市圈为实证对象, 构建最短距离矩阵, 引入时间、空间通达性模型, 建立高等级路网发育 评价指标体系, 从节点体系与网络体系两个角度, 定量分析武汉都市圈城际通达性变化及其空间 格局, 揭示出: 圈域城镇( 节点) 体系通达性空间差异明显, 与城市自身交通区位、经济发展水平密 切相关, 其空间格局与城镇等级规模呈共轭协同关系, 不同空间等级节点形成以武汉为中心的同 心圈层与“轴—辐”网络空间格局; 快速交通干道网络( 高速公路、铁路等) 是城市通达性空间演变 的重要推动力, 使其空间收敛减速, 形成显著的带状分异格局, 初步形成沪蓉东西向、京珠南北向 的两大城市经济联系交通走廊; 圈域城际交通干网发育程度偏低, 处于回路网络水平, 高等级路 网扩展潜力巨大。     

2004-2013年滇中城市群城市空间联系强度时空演变

以引力模型、城市流模型、交通可达性模型、信息通达性模型为基础构建城市群空间联系强度综合评价模型,结合GIS空间分析方法,研究2004—2013年滇中城市群城市空间联系的时空演变。结果表明:1滇中城市群城市空间联系强度逐渐增加,区域差异明显,联系强度总体偏低;2城市群空间联系方向以昆明为中心呈圈层式向外辐射及沿南部、东北交通干线呈轴线式空间拓展,西北部空间联系强度最弱;3城市经济发展水平与交通状况对区域空间联系强度影响较大,通过产业结构转型及交通道路网完善,可以实现城市群的协调发展。     

城市群空间联系能力与SOM神经网络分级研究——以辽中南城市群为例

以辽中南城市群为例,通过经济联系强度模型、城市流模型和城市通达性模型,构建系列空间联系能力数理模型,定量分析辽中南城市群空间联系能力的空间分异特征。在此基础上构建了SOM神经网络分级模型,以评价辽中南城市群十个节点城市的空间联系能力。研究表明:①沈阳的经济联系总量最大,沈阳与其他城市的经济联系强度和沈阳距其铁路距离呈S形曲线关系。②依据城市流强度值的大小将辽中南城市群十个节点城市划分为高、中、低三个档次,大连的值最大,营口则显现出作为该城市群中部区域极点的潜力。③沈大高速公路集中了通达性处于前三位的三个城市,辽阳在城市通达性方面显现出显著的优势,四项通达性指标全位居第一。④从SOM神经网络的分级结果看,沈阳都作为独立的一级,表明沈阳的空间联系能力最强,体现了其中心性的地位。     

高速铁路对滇桂黔地区铁路通达性及经济联系的影响研究

以通达性模型和空间经济联系强度模型计算了滇桂黔地区内32个城市在2014年和2017年两个年份的铁路通达性和各城市间的经济联系,对比高速铁路开通前后的变化;研究发现:高速铁路开通可显著提高沿线城市的区域通达性,促进了多个铁路网中心城市的形成,通达性水平优化移动方向从以贵阳安顺为中心向广西东南及南部沿海移动。高速铁路开通使沿线城市交流越来越密切,贵安经济走廊、昆明、曲靖、玉溪半小时圈、北部湾都市圈等多个空间格局的初步形成,但沿线城市的通达性水平和经济联系强度存在较大的差异。     

关中—天水经济区路网空间通达性分析

通达性是人文地理学、城市与区域规划、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点之一。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究的不断深入,通达性测度方法和度量体系正在逐步完善。以关中—天水经济区交通路网为例,本文试图将城市、交通和区域结合起来全面阐述区域通达性。采用空间句法模型、可达性相关指标和等时圈通过特征点算法,多视角综合测度经济区路网通达性的空间格局。研究结果表明：①区域路网体系较为完善,路网线段集聚明显;线段式空间伸展格局呈＂点—轴＂状发散,轴线式空间伸展格局呈＂干—枝＂状发散,初步形成核心圈、中间圈、外围圈三大等级圈层以及＂米＂字型路网骨架,区域交通运输与城镇发展水平表现出较强的共轭协同发展关系。②城镇区域可达性在较大程度上取决于区域中心性和周边路网发达程度,区域路网单中心极化现象比较明显,西安市对整个区域路网的控制作用过于突出。③区域通达度空间分布各异,核心板块连续性较好,外围板块破碎化明显。关中、天水两大梯度板块差异较大,天水与关中通达度中高值区出现断裂。鉴于区域中心偏于西安以西的现实,适度培育杨陵或宝鸡为区域路网的副中心城市;加快关中—天水高等级快速交通建设,推进关中—天水区域一体化进程。     

乡镇综合通达性时空格局及其与SERE系统的耦合机理——以湖北省荆州市为例北大核心CSSCI

通达性发育及其演化的根本动力是城乡社会经济—资源环境系统(SERE)要素非线性关联作用的结果。针对传统最短路径通达性模型的缺陷及研究视角的狭隘,本文基于2000年~2014年荆州市道路网空间数据库,重构最短通行时间通达性模型,定量刻画荆州市乡镇综合通达性的时空演化格局,并从区域交通与社会经济资源环境要素耦合的视角,引入耦合协调度模型,揭示乡镇综合通达性演化的非线性机理,研究表明:(1)荆州市乡镇综合通达性发育良好,基本呈正态分布,表现出一定的随机性;(2)中心区位偏好、荆江"天堑"作用、快速干道建设,共同引致荆州市乡镇综合通达性围绕市域中心呈不规则的圈层分布;(3)乡镇综合通达性与其SERE系统耦合协调度全局呈弱空间正相关,但局域空间相关作用复杂,四种基本类型呈"抱团"分布;(4)乡镇综合通达性与其SERE系统耦合协调度虽持续优化,但存在明显的交通滞后性发展,同时空间分异明显,整体呈高耦合度——低协调度的异配性特征。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,