新元古代十三里台期叠层石组合的地层对比意义

新元古代十三里台期辽南徐淮地区的叠层石组合以 Conophyton ocularoides与 Baicalia共生为特色 ,Inze-ria、Gymnosolen、Tungussia、Jurusania、L inella等的相继集中出现为代表 ,叠层石的丰度和分异度极高 ,达到叠层石演化史上的鼎盛时期。类似的叠层石组合在世界各地晚里菲期中频有发现。至马家屯期 ,叠层石进入逐步衰退阶段 ,叠层石多组成半球状生物岩礁 ,柱体细小、相互密集丛生、分叉复杂、大多具壁或鞘 ,柱间充填大量叠层石砾屑和陆源石英碎屑 ,同时叠层石微结构发生明显变化 ,出现特征的半球形放射纤维状组构。十三里台期叠层石组合特征明显、组分相对稳定 ,不仅在区域间 ,甚至在洲际间具有地层对比的潜力。     

世界直接利用地热资源的现状

介绍了自1990年以来对地热能研究和开发的现状,尤其是1995年在意大利如开的国际地热会议和1997年在日本召开的国际干热岩会议的有关信息,综述了近10a来世界地热研究和开发的进展,并希望通过对世界地热研究和开发现状的了解,促进我国地热资源的进一步合理开发利用。     

西藏冈底斯地块中新生代中酸性侵入岩特征与构造环境

冈底斯地块上的中新生代中酸性岩浆活动，是北部班公湖一怒江和南部雅鲁藏布两个特提斯演化及其后的陆内汇聚碰撞造山和后造山伸展等大地构造事件的完整记录。地块上的中酸性岩浆活动可划分为三个带，其中北部岩带岩浆岩形成于燕山期，其类型从早期的Ⅰ型到中期的过渡型再演化为晚期的S型，分别形成于板块俯冲-缝合-碰撞等构造条件下，是北部班公湖一怒江特提斯演化的集中反映。中部和南部岩浆岩带则集中体现了南部雅鲁藏布特提斯时空演化的完整经历，其中，南部岩带岩体以燕山晚期为主，喜山早期次之，成因及形成环境与特提斯洋壳向北俯7中作用密切相关(燕山晚期)，同时俯冲结束后的同碰撞条件下的岩浆活动在该岩带内也有明显的反映(喜山早期)；中部岩带岩体以喜山早期为主，燕山晚期次之，岩体大部分为同碰撞环境下岩浆活动的产物，它表征了随着洋壳板块向北俯冲程度的加深和强度的加剧，岩浆活动中心在不断向北迁移，并最终缝合碰撞的过程。因此，该岩带内岩浆岩主要形成于俯冲的晚阶段及缝合后的同碰撞条件下。喜山晚期的小斑岩体实际上广泛出露于整个冈底斯地块上，它反映的是该区在经历了碰撞造山后发生的陆内伸展的构造过程。     

塔河油田奥陶系油气藏流体分布与受控因素

塔河油田奥陶系油气藏流体类型复杂,流体分布纵横向差异较大。通过分析流体分布的受控因素,认为早期成藏改造、晚期充注调整是塔河油田奥陶系油气藏重要的成藏机制,成藏封闭条件的形成与演化是油气成藏的重要控制因素。局部受致密石灰岩侧向封挡和大型断裂分割的控制,造成不同区域油气性质及油气藏类型存在差异;相对独立的缝洞系统,以及受油气藏多期成藏所控制,造成流体性质在平面上及纵向上差异较大;受盖层完整性及后期多期改造程度的影响,造成各区及区内流体性质的差异;受圈闭演化以及各成藏期动力条件变化的影响,各缝洞系统油藏底部水体深度差异明显。     

Change in seismic activity in the Tokai region related to weakening and strengthening of the interplate coupling

We investigate the relationship between changes in seismicity and crustal deformations in the Tokai region. We describe how seismicity in the subducted slab increased remarkably in the fall of 2000 and decreased in the fall of 2001, while in contrast, the crust seismicity decreased in the fall of 2000 and increased in the fall of 2001. We note that the trend of horizontal displacement at GPS stations changed coincidentally and we propose interpreting the increase and decrease in seismic activities and the changes in crustal deformations in a unified way based on changes in the state of the interplate coupling, i.e., the back-slip rate was reduced in the fall of 2000 and was partially restored in the fall of 2001. We explain why reduction of the back-slip rate increases seismogenic stress in the slab and decreases stress in the crust. We also describe the substantial positive dilatation observed in the region around Mt. Fuji in the fall of 2000 and suggest that the remarkable increase of low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji in October 2000 may have been caused by deceleration of the converging motion of the Izu micro-plate with the Eurasian plate. The decrease of the subduction velocity of the Izu micro-plate on the Suruga Trough in late 2000 would also have contributed to weakening of the interplate coupling beneath the Tokai region, since reduction of the relative velocity between overriding and subducting plates produces the same effect on the plate interface as a diminishing back-slip rate. However, subduction of the Izu micro-plate on the Suruga Trough was accelerated in early 2003, which may have caused increases in both slab and crust seismicities in that period.     

辽宁丹东地区土壤Se元素地球化学特征及其影响因素

以辽宁省丹东市富硒（Se）土壤为研究对象,依据表层土壤、土壤剖面及成土母岩的调查数据,研究了土壤中Se元素质量分数、分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明：研究区表层土壤中Se质量分数变化范围为（0.028~0.910）×10^-6,高于全国土壤Se质量分数平均值;Se元素空间分布受辽河群影响,显示出表层富集特征。研究区土壤中Se元素富集主要有以下原因：Se元素来源于盖县岩组和高家峪岩组变质岩,其富集受成土过程影响较大,棕壤土层中黏粒或铁氧化物等聚集,易与Se结合发生聚集;区内表生环境地球化学作用对表层土壤中Se元素起到一定的富集作用,土壤中S、N与Se相互吸附固定,有利于土壤Se的富集,此外Al、Fe氧化物对Se具有很强的吸附能力;研究区土壤中Se质量分数与pH值具有显著的负相关关系,土壤中pH值越小,Se质量分数越高。总体上,研究区土壤硒质量分数与有机碳、铝铁氧化物、S、N质量分数具有较好的相关性,这与广州、江西丰城、湖北恩施等地开展的富硒研究相一致。     

Distribution and impacts on the geological environment of antiviral drugs in major waters of Wuhan,China

This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) in the city, aiming to determine the distribution characteristics of antiviral drugs in the city’s waters. The results are as follows. The main hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater in Wuhan was Ca-HCO₃. The major chemical components in the groundwater had higher concentrations and spatial variability than those in the surface water. Two antiviral drugs and two glucocorticoids were detected in the surface water, groundwater, and sewage during the COVID-19 outbreak. Among them, chloroquine phosphate and cortisone had higher detection rates of 32.26% and 25.80%, respectively in all samples. The concentrations of residual drugs in East Lake were higher than those in other waters. The main drug detected in the waters in the later stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was chloroquine phosphate, whose detection rates in the surface water and the groundwater were 53.85% and 28.57%, respectively. Moreover, the detection rate and concentration of chloroquine phosphate were higher in East Lake than in Huangjia Lake. The groundwater containing chloroquine phosphate was mainly distributed along the river areas where the groundwater was highly vulnerable. The residual drugs in the surface water and the groundwater had lower concentrations in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak than in the middle of the outbreak, and they have not yet caused any negative impacts on the ecological environment.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

北京天津等地气温降水量历史资料诊断

采用北京、天津、沈阳、哈尔滨等6站近百年的实测资料,诊断分析了华北、东北地区的气温和降水量的变化趋势及相互关系。分析结果表明:近百年来北京等地年平均气温和冬季1月的月平均气温均有上升趋势,且东北地区比华北地区上升的幅度大,冬季1月的月平均气温比年平均气温上升幅度大。部分地区的夏季7月的月平均气温呈下降趋势。同期月平均气温和月降水量有负相关关系,尤其以5月、6月、7月最为明显。     

近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析

利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0.8℃和0.7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量.     

Distribution and speciation of mercury in the Hongfeng Reservoir,Guizhou Province,China

The water, pore water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from the Hongfeng Reservoir in November 2003 and February 2004 in accordance with trace metal protocols. The average concentrations of total mercury （THg）, dissolved mercury （DHg）, reactive mercury, dissolved gaseous mercury, total methylmercury, and dissolved methylmercury in the water columns were 8.00, 5.70, 0.63, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.07 ng/L, respectively. THg and DHg in the water columns, THg in pore water and THg in lake sediments of the Hongfeng Reservoir showed the level of mercury in the Hongfeng Reservoir was higher than in other natural waters in the world due to the loading of a lot of waste water with relatively high concentrations of mercury, whereas methylmercury concentrations in fish （wet weight） varied from 1.73-51.00 ng/g, much lower than in most remote lakes and reservoirs reported in northern Europe and North America. Methylmercury distributions in pore water and sediments showed methylation occurred mainly in the upper several centimeters of sediment cores in the Hongfeng Reservoir. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total suspended particles, total Hg, and methylmercury were higher at Houwu than those at Daba in November 2003. It is suggested that other pollutants such as N and P from fishing farm and other waste water at Houwu, which resulted in deterioration of water quality, affected the concentrations and distributions of mercury species in the reservoir.     

浙闽地区白垩纪早中期黏土矿物组成特征及其古气候显示

对浙江西南和福建西部地区11个剖面点陆相白垩系11个层位的碎屑黏土矿物组成进行了测试分析。结果显示,白垩系中下部大部分层位以伊利石为主,相对含量平均超过80%;闽西坂头组、浙西寿昌组顶部—横山组下部、金华组中部、衢县组上部出现了较为丰富的蒙脱石,最高达49%;高岭石一般较少,仅在浙西衢县组中部、寿昌组上部较高,最高达38%。研究表明,中国东南地区在白垩纪早中期主要属于热带—亚热带干旱—半干旱气候,与全国乃至全球温室气候一致;在浙西阿普特初期和赛诺曼早期间断有湿热气候,可能与区域古植物较为繁盛及较大面积湖区有关;闽西凡兰吟期,浙西阿普特早期、阿尔布晚期、赛诺曼中期部分时期存在短期相对干冷气候,大致分别对应于白垩纪全球大洋缺氧事件结束后的一段时间,并可能与区域隆升有关。     

金矿区农田土壤重金属污染的环境效应分析

通过对比研究小秦岭某金矿区土壤重金属综合污染区和对比区内的小麦、玉米籽粒中重金属的含量,结果表明污染区内小麦籽粒中汞、铅、镉累积程度显著高于土壤对比区对照样,铬、砷、铜、锌与对照区几乎没有差异,汞、铅、镉、锌、铜的超标率分别为86.67%、60%、33.33%、6.67%、20%。在污染区,玉米中铅、镉、铬较对照区明显累积,但仅有汞超标,超标率为15.15%。同一采样地点,金矿区小麦籽粒比玉米更易吸收累积重金属。小麦中重金属含量与立地土壤重金属污染程度存在较好的相关性。与1990年比较,小麦中汞、镉累积效应非常显著。研究区土壤重金属污染已经造成了小麦严重污染。     

中国东北地区油气地质特征与勘探潜力展望

中国东北地区发育50多个盆地,规模大小不一,较大的盆地包括松辽、二连、海拉尔盆地和5个跨境盆地。东北地区油气资源潜力巨大,油气储量增幅显著,同时面临油气上产、稳产难度仍然持续加大的现实。本文在深入分析东北地区构造与沉积古地理演化过程的基础上,总结了东北地区构造与沉积协同作用下的成藏组合差异发育特征。进一步结合勘探实践,针对油气勘探中存在的问题,围绕着新领域新层系的工作思路,提出了东北地区油气勘探的方向,包括:松辽盆地中央坳陷带中浅层油气精细勘探,松辽盆地南部深层火山岩油气勘探,松辽盆地西斜坡和北部倾末端油气勘探,东北地区古生界油气勘探,大三江盆地群油气勘探,东北地区页岩油和油页岩资源勘探。为未来东北地区油气资源的勘探部署提供了科学依据。     

A review of the Study of Hydrogen Peroxide in Seawater

Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize or reduce a number of biological important trance metals in seawater. Therefore, it can indirectly affect the marine ecosystem by causing the changes in the speciation of these metals. The results of researches about hydrogen peroxide in seawater in the last more than thirty years were reviewed and the direction of study in the further was proposed in this paper. Hydrogen peroxide can be found rather ubiquitously in the upper water at concentration of 0~102 nmol/L. In water column the maximum of the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide presents in surface water and the concentrations decrease with the increase of depth. In general, the concentrations in costal seawater are higher than these in the oligotrophic ocean. Diel variation of hydrogen peroxide occurs in seawater: the concentrations increase since sunup until the mixmum of afternoon and decrease until the minimum at drawn. The sources of hydrogen peroxide in marine environment include photochemical production, atmospheric deposition and biological production, and the photochemical production is primary among them. The sinks of hydrogen peroxide in the ocean consist of biological and chemical and photochemical decomposition and the main one is biological decomposition. The biogeochemistry of hydrogen peroxide in the continental shelf influenced by river water and factors affecting photochemical production and detail of decomposition should be studied in the future.     

1990年以来天山乌鲁木齐河上游水资源研究进展

乌鲁木齐河是我国西北地区典型的降水、冰川和地下水综合补给的内陆河,对其水资源的研究不仅是西北寒区旱区水环境和水资源研究的热点,而且对区域生态环境改善和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。乌鲁木齐河水文水资源的研究内容十分广泛,并取得了很多高水平的学术成果。从高山区气候变化与冰冻圈的相互影响,山区降水变化与径流的相互影响,出山口径流对气候变化的响应以及洪灾、致灾因子分析,流域内同位素、树轮气候和水环境研究等四个方面总结了相关研究。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐河上游气候趋于暖湿。气温的升高很大程度上受冬季气温大幅度升高影响,气温对高山区冰川积雪的影响要大于降水;冬季负积温也加快了冻土的消融;气温和降水的变化导致乌鲁木齐河上游河段冰川后退加速,积雪融化、雪线上升,冻土活动层增厚。（2）乌鲁木齐河流域降水量和降水变化速率具有明显的垂直特征,在中高山地区降水量和降水变率较大;山区降水还具有年代际特征,20世纪90年代以来,山区降水量呈现增加趋势并促进了山区径流量的增加。（3）降水量和冰川融雪量的增加,很大程度上加大了乌鲁木齐河流域山区的径流量,使得出山口区域洪水灾害的发生频率增加。（4）同位素分析的运用对探索径流形成和转化的机理具有重要意义。树轮研究为乌鲁木齐河流域气候变化序列的重建提供了技术手段。今后,乌鲁木齐河水资源承载力、水循环过程和水污染问题,是区域实现生态环境建设和可持续发展的重要研究内容。     

黄骅坳陷古近系沙河街组生物灰岩分布特征及其形成条件

黄骅坳陷古近系沙河街组的生物灰岩发育于沙一段下部的"特殊岩性段"内,其分布具有北区零星、中区集中、南区广泛的特点。沙一段生物灰岩在坳陷北区仅在板桥地区的唐家河一带零星见到;在中区主要见于港西凸起和孔店凸起之间,沿着大中旺-周清庄-王徐庄-扣村一带分布;在南区则分布广泛,主要有4个发育带:沧州发育带、舍女寺发育带、盐山发育带和集北头-灯明寺发育带。综合分析认为,沙一段生物灰岩分布的控制因素主要有古气候、古水体介质条件、古水深、古地形坡度以及陆源碎屑的供给等。     

我国东部晚白垩世和早第三纪海侵与油气关系

本文综合我国有关沉积和古生物资料，尤其对有孔虫的研究和对各门类化石资料的综合分析，认为我国东部晚白垩世和早第三纪各受过两期海侵，晚白垩世海侵主要发生在松辽盆地，，与早期海侵相应的半咸水沉积为青山口组一段，晚期相应的半咸水沉积如嫩江组一，二段，早第三纪古新世到始新世早期，与其相应的半咸水沉积，如：苏北－南黄海盆地泰州组二段和阜宁组，三水盆地布心组，江汉盆地洞庭坳隐沅江组。始新世晚期到渐新世，与其相应     

Radon variations in an active landslide zone along the Pindar River, in Chamoli District, Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, India

Radon measurements were made in the soil and spring/seepage water in and around an active landslide located along the Pindar river in the Chamoli District of Uttaranchal in Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, to understand the application of radon in geological disasters. The landslide is a compound slide i.e. a slump in the crown portion, and debris slide and fall in the lower part. The bedrock consists of gneisses and schists of the Saryu Formation of the Almora Group of Precambrian age. The presence of several small slump scars and debris slide/fall scars along the length of the slide indicates continuous downward movement. The radon concentrations in the present study are much lower in comparison to values reported from other regions. However, the present radon data show relative variation in the slide zone. The concentration of radon measured in landslide zones varies from 3.1 Bq/l to 18.4 Bq/l in spring water and from 2.3 kBq/m³ to 12.2 kBq/m³ in the soil gas of the debris. Along the section of the slide, the radon values in water and soil are slightly higher in the upper slopes i.e. toward the crown portion of the landslide as compared to the distal portion. The relatively low concentration of radon both in soil gas and water in the toe portion of the landslide may be due to the high porosity of the debris, which does not allow radon to accumulate in the soil and water, whereas, towards the crown portion, the high frequency of fractures increases the surface area due to particle size reduction, and the near absence of debris enhances the radon emanation in soil.     

藏北高原典型季节冻土区和多年冻土区小气候特征对比研究

利用藏北高原位于季节冻土区的那曲BJ站和多年冻土区的唐古拉站2008年气象要素观测资料,对两站点的小气候特征进行了分析和对比,得到以下结论：那曲BJ站最大冻结深度可达1.5m左右;唐古拉站活动层最大融化深度超过了3.0m。两站的气温、比湿、降雨和积雪均有明显的季节变化;降雨和比湿均是5-10月较大,其他时段较小;积雪均基本集中在1-3月和10-12月。各层土壤温度及日变幅、温度的月均值和月最高/低值及月较差、比湿的月均值和瞬时最大值、风速瞬时最大值均是那曲BJ站大于唐古拉站。那曲BJ站与唐古拉站的风速、气温、比湿的年平均值分别是4.73m·s^-1、-1.34℃、3.96g·kg^-1和4.02m·s^-1、-5.80℃、3.25g·kg^-1,年降雨量和积雪日数分别为590.50mm、114d和405.27mm、135d,两站5-10月的降雨量分别占全年降雨量的96.20%和86.55%。两站在2月初和11月初由于较大降雪均出现了气温陡降的现象,最大积雪日均出现在11月,日最大积雪深度BJ站小于唐古拉站。典型晴天日,那曲BJ站在冬季而唐古拉站在冬春季节风速日变化明显;比湿日变化夏秋季节较冬春季节明显。     

渤海海域石臼坨地区古近系沙河街组湖相生屑白云岩成因*

渤海海域石臼坨地区石臼坨凸起东倾末端南北两侧的陡坡带在古近系沙河街组发育多套生屑白云岩,其中南侧生屑白云岩主要发育在沙河街组二段,北侧生屑白云岩集中在沙河街组一段。为了明确该区生屑白云岩的成因,通过古生物、岩石薄片和地球化学等资料对该区生屑白云岩的岩石学、地球化学特征进行较为系统的研究。按照岩石组分特征,研究区生屑白云岩可划分为亮晶生屑白云岩和泥晶生屑白云岩2种类型。生屑的主要组分腹足类及介形类典型属种分析显示,南北两侧生屑白云岩均形成于浅水湖泊环境。地球化学Pr/Ph(姥鲛烷/植烷)参数反映,南侧生屑白云岩形成于氧化环境,北侧以还原性环境为主。碳氧同位素数据反映南侧生屑白云岩形成于低温高盐的封闭湖泊环境,以准同生期的回流渗透成因为主。北侧生屑白云岩的碳氧同位素相对分散,显示为受不同流体介质作用的结果,可以划分出3种成因类型: 准同生期的回流渗透成因、埋藏期的铁白云石化交代成因和晚期局部受热液作用影响,因此,北侧生屑白云岩是多期次多成因综合作用的结果。该研究成果对开展这类中深层优质储集层预测具有重要意义。