凹凸棒石粘土吸附铀的性能研究及应用

本文研究了凹凸棒石粘土吸铀的酸度,吸附速率、肿附反应热焓吸附容量等性能,确定了吸附铀的最佳条件,并采用动态法片处理了含铀废水,效果良好,钱的去除率在９９．９５％以上,排放液中的铀的残余浓度达到国家规定的０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ排放标准。     

13X沸石分子筛对水中Hg2+吸附性能的实验研究

13X沸石分子筛吸附水中Hg2+的实验研究表明,13X沸石在pH值为5~6、时间为20 min、温度为20~30 ℃条件下对Hg2+ 的吸附效果最佳。在13X沸石的用量为4 g/L的条件下对原始浓度为0.2 ~100mg/L的Hg2+进行吸附,吸附量由0.035 6 mg/g增加到21.87 mg/g。13X沸石可使原始浓度为0.01 mg/L的Hg2+降至0.002 mg/L以下。饱和NaCl溶液对吸附Hg2+后的13X沸石解吸效果良好,解吸后的13X沸石循环使用4次,对Hg2+的吸附率仍未降低,表明13X沸石的重复利用效果良好。通过在洗脱Hg2+ 的解吸液中加入Na2S·9H2O,可使Hg2+形成HgS沉淀进行回收,回收率可达90%以上。实验表明,13X沸石适用于对水中低浓度Hg2+的深度净化处理。     

13X沸石处理含赖氨酸废水的实验研究

用合成的13X沸石对废水中氨基酸(赖氨酸)进行静态吸附实验,研究了pH、温度、吸附时间、沸石用量等对吸附率的影响,结果表明,室温下沸石对赖氨酸的吸附平衡时间为30min,pH=pKa1=2.2时,赖氨酸在沸石上的吸附效果最好,吸附率大于82%,饱和吸附量达51.73mg.g-1。吸附等温线近似呈直线型,表明离子交换机制是沸石吸附氨基酸的主要方式。对已饱和吸附的沸石用饱和氯化钠溶液进行再生实验,赖氨酸的解吸率大于95%,沸石可重复使用。实验研究表明可用13X分子筛处理含氨基酸废水,为实际处理含氨基酸废水提供了可行性依据。     

沸石净化剂制备及治理造纸废水应用试验

将８０目信阳上天梯斜发沸石岩经水润湿后,与水解后能形成多核、多羟基、高正电的铝盐、铁盐按一定比例混合,同时加入适量的反应助剂充分搅拌;然后将混合物的ＰＨ值调至４￣５并陈化数小时;最后将混合物在２００￣２５０℃的温度下烧结制成“沸石净化剂”。用该净化剂处理ＰＨ≈９、ＣＯＤＣｒ〈３５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的草浆型造纸终端废水,若重量比为１：９００,则可使ＣＤＯＣｒ降低到４５０￣９６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到国家造纸行业２     

颗粒炭动态吸附含Cu－EDTA电镀废水的研究

本文采用颗粒状活性炭，动态吸附处理含Ｃｕ－ＥＤＴＡ电镀废水，对动态法的工艺条件进行了系统研究．最佳工艺条件为：炭粒颗粒度８０～１００目，ｑＨ＝５．５，吸附等温方程式为ｑ＝１９．０Ｃ０．２５９，吸附容量（１５０～２００ｍｌ废水）／ｇ活性炭，过滤速率为１２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ．结果表明，该方法具有处理效果好，易于扩大应用的优点．     

沸石的活化处理及其对铅、钴的吸附性研究

通过对沸石的活化方法和其基本物化性能（主要包括化学成分、阳离子交换容量、密度、比表面积、孔径、渗透系数及热稳定性）及Pb^2＋,Co^2＋离子的吸附性能的初步研究认识到：1）经过酸化并经热处理后的沸石的阳离子交换容量（CEC）明显高于未经处理的原土;2）通过实验得出粒度为100目的天然沸石经酸活化处理后在300C下热活化,1．5h后测得离子交换量为最佳;3）沸石的密度为1．789g／cm^3;渗透系数为0．087cm／s（20℃）;体积平均粒径为13μm;比表面积为190．67m^2／g,平均孔径为102．27nm;4）沸石对重金属离子的吸附实验表明沸石对重金属离子Pb^2＋的吸附性能优于Co^2＋,20min时Pb^2＋和Co^2＋的吸附比（Rd）分别为20238．8ml／g及63．8ml／g;Pb^2＋和Co^2＋去除率分别为99．50％和40．00％。     

颗粒炭动态吸附含Cu—EDTA电镀废水的研究

本文采用颗粒状活性炭，动态吸附处理含Ｃｕ－ＥＤＴＡ电镀废水，对动态法的工艺条件进行了系统研究。最佳工艺条件为：炭粒颗粒度８０－１００目，ＰＨ＝５．５，吸附等温方程为ｑ＝１９．０Ｃ＾０．２５０，吸附容量（１５０－２００ｍｌ废水）／ｇ活性炭，过滤速度为１２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，结果表明，该方法具有处理效果好，易于扩大应用的优点。     

斜发沸石对模拟核素Sr2+的吸附/解吸动力学研究

以Sr（NO3）2为核素源、新疆富蕴县所产斜发沸石为吸附剂,研究斜发沸石对Sr2＋的动力吸附/解吸效果。探讨吸附时间、Sr2＋初始浓度与吸附量的关系以及吸附机理。用pH=6的水溶液对饱和吸附了Sr2＋的斜发沸石进行解吸。结果表明：斜发沸石对Sr2＋的吸附在4 h能达到最大吸附率的99%,Freundlich吸附等温式能对吸附曲线进行很好的描述,单位质量沸石对Sr2＋的最大吸附量为38.34 mg/g,以阳离子交换吸附为主。4.5 h后解吸率为1.78%,解吸速率远小于吸附速率,解吸量与解吸时间的自然对数呈现明显的线性关系,用Elovich方程对解吸曲线进行拟合,R=0.9994,拟合方程为：qt=0.03375＋0.11916lnt。理论上将5%的Sr2＋解吸出来约需5044 d。该斜发沸石固Sr2＋能力很强,对于处理含Sr2＋放射性废液具有重要的意义。     

绿沸石基复合材料对河道水中氨氮去除效果研究

以绿沸石、硅藻土、膨润土、牡蛎壳为主要原材料,包衣机制粒后马弗炉焙烧制成绿沸石-硅藻土(GZD)、绿沸石-膨润土(GZB)、绿沸石-牡蛎壳(GZO)等3款球状氨氮吸附材料。探究造孔剂-粘结剂配比、物料配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对污水中氨氮的吸附量和材料散失率的影响,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、氨氮去除率、材料散失率试验探讨其吸附机理。并设计了简易装置,用实际河道水样对比分析了3款复合材料与块状绿沸石原矿对氨氮的吸附效果和重复利用次数,对处理效果最佳的GZD中的主要材料绿沸石和硅藻土进行了SEM和XRF表征。结果表明:GZD的氨氮吸附效果最佳,制备条件为造孔剂、粘结剂、绿沸石、硅藻土的质量比为1.2﹕5﹕9﹕1;在500℃下焙烧3 h;GZD对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学,用Freundlich等温线比Langmuir等温线更适合描述其吸附过程;GZD对实际河道水样进行5次吸附再生后仍具有明显效果。     

斜发沸石对钾离子的吸附/解吸动力学研究

以KCl为钾源、新疆某地所产斜发沸石为吸附剂,研究斜发沸石对K+的动力吸附与解吸效果,并探讨吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度/(mmol.L-1)为1.6,3.2,6.4,12.8,19.2,25.6的混合溶液对饱和吸附了K+的斜发沸石进行解吸,实验结果表明:沸石对K+的吸附在4min能达到最大吸附率的96%,30min内达到平衡。Langmuir吸附等温式能对吸附曲线进行很好的描述。单位质量沸石对K+的最大吸附量为44.53×10-3,以阳离子交换吸附为主。pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸量最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸滞后系数减小,解吸速率远小于吸附速率。解吸量的自然对数与解吸时间的自然对数呈现明显的线性关系,用指数方程对(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为25.6mmol/L的解吸曲线进行拟合,R=0.998,拟合方程为qt=3.890t0.210。理论上将吸附的K+全部解吸出来需要74.4d。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the