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本文所謂架空結構是指搁置在較高的支墩上的連續梁結構,例如高架橋梁或水電站的架空輸水管道等。這類結構在承受震動荷載(例如地震)時,常會引起較大的變形和应力。如支墩較粗矮,則在計算較低的頻率時,其作用可近似的以一彈簧支座代替之,而忽略支墩本身的結構震動影響。這是一個常用的假定,可以使計算工作充分簡化。本文首先對這一情况作了詳盡討論,給出较完整的解答,包括起始條件影響在内,並提出用“載常數”及“形常數”的觀念來進行計算。然后本文給出考虑支墩的震動影響時的精確解答,分別就縱横方向的震動進行討論,並指出近似計算公式和精確公式间的關係,近似公式只能在支墩較剛固和計算较低階的頻率時才適用。文中列出了結構作横向諧和震動時的特別解答,可見其計算工作量將比近似法增加不少。 相似文献
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一、引言超声测井是一种新的地震測井法,它是利用超声波来研究小間隔內(1-2米)鈷井剖面岩层的物理机械性貭。近年来,由于石油探測事业发展的需要,这种方法在地球物理勘探和地球物理测井中受到了广泛的注意。根据超声測井的試驗和应用的結果看来,这种方法可以簡捷、經济、精确、詳細地測定出岩石的物理机械性貭(纵波和横波的波速,波的吸收系数等等)及其随深度的变化。 相似文献
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在以往許多大地电流普查工作成果中常发現在断层上,K参数剖面有突变現象。这就是断层所引起的异常。本文将从垂直断层出发,从理論到实践,証明在提高野外观測精度的前提下,能測繪出异常形状,并用之来研究这种断层的各个地貭参数。 相似文献
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根据平凉市电磁波3年多的观测资料,分析了震前电磁波的异常特征,表明电磁波有明显的临震异常,其脉冲特征及时间与未来地震有着密切关系。指出认真对观测资料进行分析,可预知一定范围内的较强地震。 相似文献
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There are numerous modeling techniques commonly employed for the computer simulation of seismic wave propagation. The capabilities of these techniques vary according to the theoretical foundations and subsequent approximations upon which the algorithms are based. This paper constitutes a comparative review of seven modeling methods: geometric ray theory, asymptotic ray theory, generalized ray theory, Kirchhoff wave theory, Fourier synthesis, finite differences, and finite elements. These methods can be categorized as ray or wave, acoustic or elastic, and can be contrasted according to their relative abilities to simulate such behavior as wave interference effects, diffractions, and mode conversions. As is implied by their names, geometric ray theory and asymptotic ray theory are both ray methods. The other five methods provide wave theory simulations. Geometric ray theory and Kirchhoff wave theory are normally implemented in acoustic form, while the other methods are readily adapted for computing elastic theory solutions. Generalized ray theory and Fourier synthesis are more limited in the complexity of geological model they can accommodate than are the other techniques. The methods which typically demand the greatest computer resources are the finite-difference and the finite-element techniques. All methods can incorporate at least some multiple events. Diffractions, however, are only inherent in the solutions computed by Kirchhoff wave theory, finite differences and finite elements. Attenuation is readily incorporated in both the Fourier synthesis and the finite-element methods. As an example of the application of seismic modeling, a geological model representative of a typical petroleum exploration target is used to compare vertical seismic profiles calculated by different modeling methods. 相似文献
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井水位观测系统作为一种天然的体应变计,我们可以把固体潮理论值作为观测井的输入值,以维尼迪可夫调和分析结果的半日波M2波群的振幅比作为井水位观测系统的灵敏度,其倒数即为观测格值,然后就可将井水位观测转换成体应变值。本文以汤坑井为例,计算分析了由印尼远震、汶川地震、台湾地震共三种地震类型对汤坑井水位所激励的水震波,结果显示,所记录到的水震波是叠加在体应变固体潮背景上的一种阶跃,对三种地震类型都分别做出了不同程度的响应,体应变固体潮响应幅度最高可达10^-7,体应变响应幅度与地震能量成正比,响应延迟时间与震中距成正比。 相似文献
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P. HUBRAL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(4):719-724
A satisfactory approximation to the travel time of a reflected wave is achieved by finding a ray, which originates in the source and emerges close enough to the receiver. The reason for this is, that the actual travel time function can be approximated in every emergence point of the wave by a time function which is entirely defined by seismic parameters along the ray connecting the source with the point of emergence. 相似文献
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开鲁陆家堡凹陷内断裂发育、构造复杂,垂直于构造走向跨度30km,凹陷边缘和凹陷内古生界基底顶板埋深分别为1km和5km,在此开展了基底折射波地震勘探。在已知资料基础上,我们用多段倾斜单界面折射波正演理论计算作指导,设计了野外试验和初步的生产观测系统,t_0和差异时距曲线解释方法对于应用于如此复杂的构造地区其准确性和精度受到了限制。因此,我们在解释方法上试做了如下工作:①多段倾斜单界面折射波理论正演走时拟合,给出较有益的反演解释结果;②二维非均匀介质中射线追踪解释方法,提供准确的射线途径给出基底面上下详尽的更为符合实际的二维速度分布信息。 相似文献
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许健生 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(5):91-95
根据CDSN北京地震台宽频带数字地震仪记录到的20个远震记录中的S震相与Sp震相的到时差测定了北京地震台附近地壳厚度值H。得出了以北京地震台为圆心20~45km环形区域内地壳厚度平均值为40.2km左右的结果。并简要的讨论了Sp震相在北京地震台的记录特征。初步得出了Sp震相在北京地震台的可观测范围为11°~40°,S波震相高效率转换为Sp震相的距离约在30°的结果。 相似文献
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Robert P. Massé 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1987,125(2-3):205-239
From an analysis of many seismic profiles across the stable continental regions of North America and northern Europe, the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure is determined. Analysis procedures include ray theory calculations and synthetic seismograms computed using reflectivity techniques. TheP wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is virtually identical to that beneath the Baltic Shield to a depth of at least 800 km. Two major layers with a total thickness of about 42 km characterize the crust of these shield regions. Features of the upper mantle of these region include velocity discontinuities at depths of about 74 km, 330 km, 430 km and 700 km. A 13 km thickP wave low velocity channel beginning at a depth of about 94 km is also present.A number of problems associated with record section interpretation are identified and a generalized approach to seismic profile analysis using many record sections is described. TheS wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is derived from constrained surface wave data. The thickness of the lithosphere beneath the Canadian and Baltic Shields is determined to be 95–100 km. The continental plate thickness may be the same as the lithospheric thickness, although available data do not exclude the possibility of the continental plate being thicker than the lithosphere. 相似文献