六盘山山地植被物候地带性分异及其对气候变化的响应

山地系统作为植被脆弱带及气候转换与变化的敏感区,能直观反映植被对全球环境变化的响应及适应过程.该文基于1982-2015年GIMMS NDVI 3g时间序列数据集,利用TIMESAT 3.3动态阈值法提取六盘山山地植被物候参数,结合气温、降水及光照数据集,利用最小二乘法趋势检验、偏相关分析等方法,研究六盘山山地植被物候分异规律及其对气候变化的响应.结果表明:1)六盘山山地植被生长季始期推迟幅度为11.1 d·km-1,生长季末期提前,导致生长季长度缩短幅度为22.6 d·km-1.2)生长季长度和生长季始期空间格局相似,由西北高海拔地区向东南低海拔地区呈山地垂直地带性规律;生长季中期以36°N为界,呈纬度地带性规律,生长季末期以106°30′E为界,经度地带性变化规律显著.3)气候因子在植被不同生长阶段的主导作用不同,气温对六盘山物候变化影响最显著;3月气温升高促使夏季物候提前,9月降水增加促使秋季物候推迟;6月气温升高与9月降水增加导致耕地生长季中期显著推迟,灌木、林地生长季中期显著提前;生长季始期对3月日间最高气温的负敏感性最强,生长季末期对9月夜间最低气温的正敏感性最强,该结论与植被生长生理特征一致.     

伏牛山地森林植被物候及其对气候变化的响应（英文）

This paper reports the phenological response of forest vegetation to climate change(changes in temperature and precipitation) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) time-series images from 2000 to 2015. The phenological parameters of forest vegetation in the Funiu Mountains during this period were determined from the temperature and precipitation data using the Savitzky–Golay filter method, dynamic threshold method, Mann-Kendall trend test, the Theil-Sen estimator, ANUSPLIN interpolation and correlation analyses. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The start of the growing season(SOS) of the forest vegetation mainly concentrated in day of year(DOY) 105–120, the end of the growing season(EOS) concentrated in DOY 285–315, and the growing season length(GSL) ranged between 165 and 195 days. There is an evident correlation between forest phenology and altitude. With increasing altitude, the SOS, EOS and GSL presented a significant delayed, advanced and shortening trend, respectively.(2) Both SOS and EOS of the forest vegetation displayed the delayed trend, the delayed pixels accounted for 76.57% and 83.81% of the total, respectively. The GSL of the forest vegetation was lengthened, and the lengthened pixels accounted for 61.21% of the total. The change in GSL was mainly caused by the decrease in spring temperature in the region.(3) The SOS of the forest vegetation was significantly partially correlated with the monthly average temperature in March, with most correlations being negative; that is, the delay in SOS was mainly attributed to the temperature decrease in March. The EOS was significantly partially correlated with precipitation in September, with most correlations being positive; that is, the EOS was clearly delayed with increasing precipitation in September. The GSL of the forest vegetation was influenced by both temperature and precipitation throughout the growing season. For most regions, GSL was most closely related to the monthly average temperature and precipitation in August.     

豫西山地植被NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化北大核心CSCDCSSCI

豫西山地是秦岭山系在河南境内的余脉,处于亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域,是气候变化的敏感区。利用S-G滤波算法重构2000-2013年MODIS-NDVI时序影像,结合DEM、气温和降水数据,运用趋势分析、相关性分析等方法探讨豫西山地NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化。结果表明:(1)14年来豫西山地NDVI呈增长态势,增速为0.041/10a。NDVI值随山地海拔升高先增后降,随坡度增加而增大,在各坡向的分布相差不大。(2)植被在<1100 m海拔区恢复概率最高,在>1700 m区域退化概率最高;在10°~20°坡度区域恢复概率最高,在0°~5°区域退化概率最高;坡向对植被变化的分异作用不明显。(3)不同海拔、坡度、坡向上的植被所受影响因素不同,高海拔区植被动态主要受降水控制;不同坡度上的植被NDVI与气温的相关性均大于与降水的;在不同坡向上差异不明显。(4)崤山、熊耳山、伏牛山三大山脉北坡NDVI增速均大于南坡;北坡植被对降水变化较敏感,而南坡植被对气温变化较敏感。这些都是在全球变化背景下该区生态环境响应的重要信号,反映了过渡带生态响应因子对山地生态系统的重要性。     

基于MODIS EVI时序数据的云南高原山地森林物候特征识别

基于2000—2011年MOD13Q1产品的EVI时序,借助QA-SDS数据集消除云、阴影和冰雪等的影响后,采用非对称高斯函数拟合法进行时序重构,并运用动态阈值法提取云南高原山地典型森林植被的物候特征参数(即生长期开始时间、峰值时间、结束时间和生长期长度),进而分析了不同植被类型物候期规律及其主要控制因素。结果表明:1.从寒温性森林植被到热性森林植被的EVI值呈递增趋势;2.森林植被生长期开始时间、峰值时间和结束时间分别大致发生在3月中旬至4月中下旬、6月中旬至下旬和8月中旬至10月初,生长期长度为135～195 d;3.由寒温性植被向热性植被的生长期高峰时间和生长期结束时间总体呈延迟趋势,且生长期延长,生长期开始时间则由暖性植被向寒温性植被、暖性植被向热性植被双向提前;4.高原山地热量梯度决定了森林植被物候的空间格局,水分条件则主要控制着EVI和物候期的年际波动。     

南京幕燕山地森林植被恢复重建研究

在大量野外工作的基础上,借助AutoCAD技术,运用植被生态学、恢复生态学的原理与方法,对幕燕山地森林植被的恢复与重建进行了研究。建立了幕燕山地植被分类系统,包括3个植被型组、5个植被型、5个植被亚型、8个群系组、12个群系,绘制了幕燕山地1∶5000植被群系图,计算了幕燕山地各群系的面积。分析了南京地区山地森林植被10个主要群系(青冈+栓皮栎林,枫香林,白栎林,栓皮栎林,麻栎林,黄连木+黄檀林,朴树+构树林,刺槐林,马尾松林,黑松林)间的演替关系,构建了南京地区森林植被次生演替模式。根据上述研究结果,提出了幕燕山地森林植被恢复重建的关键措施,预测了上述措施实施后幕燕山地植被类型构成的变化,并绘制了幕燕山地森林植被恢复重建规划图(1∶5000)。     

黄土高原植被物候对季节性干旱的敏感性响应

在全球变暖的背景下,干旱事件发生频率和强度的增加导致陆地生态系统中植被多样性发生重大变化,研究植被物候对季节性干旱的响应对保护黄土高原的生态系统具有重要意义.基于MODIS遥感归一化植被指数(MODIS NDVI:MOD13Q1)数据及降水和气温逐月格点数据,采用岭回归分析方法,探讨黄土高原植被物候对季节性干旱的敏感性...     

蒙古国植被物候特征及其对地理要素的响应

蒙古高原是中国重要的北方生态屏障。在全球气候变化的背景下,研究蒙古国植被物候变化特征对于认识蒙古国草地生态系统对气候变化的响应和促进区域畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用非对称高斯拟合法对蒙古国2001—2019年MOD13Q1产品中的归一化植被指数（Normalized Differential Vegetation Index,NDVI）数据拟合,得到较为平滑的NDVI时间序列数据;基于TIMESAT平台,采用动态阈值法分析获得蒙古国连续19a植被物候数据。研究分析了蒙古国植被物候的空间分布及年际变化趋势,发现蒙古国植被返青期（Start of growing season,SOS）主要集中在110~150d,总体呈微弱推迟趋势,植被枯黄期（End of growing season,EOS）主要集中在270~310d,总体呈提前趋势,从而导致蒙古国生长季长度（Length of growing season,LOS）呈缩短趋势,且缩短时间最长可达2d以上。采用偏相关分析方法分析了植被物候对地形、降水、地表温度等地理要素的响应,表明蒙古国植被物候具有明显的空间异质性和海拔依赖性,不同植被物候对降水、地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）的响应不同,SOS与日间LST呈显著正相关,EOS与夜间LST呈显著正相关,而LOS与年均降水呈显著负相关关系。     

贵阳木本植物物候对气候变化的响应

根据1978~2007年贵阳站的物候和气象资料,分析了贵阳站71种木本植物春秋季芽膨大期、展叶始期、始花期、叶完全变色期和落叶末期等5个关键物候期的变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:自1978年以来,贵阳年平均气温在振荡中明显下降,其中夏季气温降低最为明显,2月平均气温略有上升;春季芽膨大期、展叶始期和始花期等三种物候期均呈现出提前趋势,而秋季叶完全变色期和落叶末期呈现推迟趋势;春季物候期与物候期发生前若干月月平均气温的相关性较好,特别与当月和上月平均气温的相关关系最为显著。其中,2月月平均气温是影响春季三种物候期的关键指标,除此之外,贵阳站2、3月的日照时数也对春季物候期的提前起到促进作用;秋冬季物候期变化和气温、降水、日照时数的相关关系均不明显,这同秋季物候变化的复杂性和秋季物候期所受的影响因素较多有关。     

黄土高原植被生长期旱涝对全球气候变化响应

为了揭示黄土高原植被生长期降水演变特征,主要采用EOF分解和小波分析等方法,利用黄土高原区域51站1961—2000年降水资料,研究植被生长期降水早涝特征,分析和比较了干年和湿年降水。结果表明：区域响应以一致的涝或旱为主,高原中北部为响应最敏感区;时间演变中1971年之前相对多雨,1985年后明显变旱,存在3～5a、8a左右的年际振荡,3～5a周期明显;高原东北部是干年降水响应最敏感区,是干旱最突出的地方：高原北部是湿年降水响应最敏感区,是降水偏多最突出的地方(易涝);早年降水响应中局地性较强,湿年降水响应以全区一致为主。     

淮河中上游山地和丘陵的植被改造

淮河中上游山地和丘陵地区的植被改造是农业生产中的一个主要活动内容，在分析了该区植被类型和植被改造的现状和特点后，对该区植被改造工作提出一些建议。从可持续发展的观点看，植被改造不能单一追求经济效益，而应兼顾社会效益和生态效益，要从淮河流域全局来考虑发展问题。     

A comprehensive analysis of phenological changes in forest vegetation of the Funiu Mountains,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This paper reports the phenological response of forest vegetation to climate change (changes in temperature and precipitation) based on Moderate Resolution...     

The dynamic response of forest vegetation to hydrothermal conditions in the Funiu Mountains of western Henan Province

This paper uses HJ-1 satellite multi-spectral and multi-temporal data to extract forest vegetation information in the Funiu Mountain region. The S-G filtering algorithm was employed to reconstruct the MODIS EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) time-series data for the period of 2000–2013, and these data were correlated with air temperature and precipitation data to explore the responses of forest vegetation to hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that: (1) the Funiu Mountain region has relatively high and increasing forest coverage with an average EVI of 0.48 over the study period, and the EVI first shows a decreasing trend with increased elevation below 200 m, then an increasing trend from 200–1700 m, and finally a decreasing trend above 1700 m. However, obvious differences could be identified in the responses of different forest vegetation types to climate change. Broad-leaf deciduous forest, being the dominant forest type in the region, had the most significant EVI increase. (2) Temperature in the region showed an increasing trend over the 14 years of the study with an anomaly increasing rate of 0.27°C/10a; a fluctuating yet increasing trend could be identified for the precipitation anomaly percentage. (3) Among all vegetation types, the evergreen broad-leaf forest has the closest EVI-temperature correlation, whereas the mixed evergreen and deciduous forest has the weakest. Almost all forest types showed a weak negative EVI-precipitation correlation, except the mixed evergreen and deciduous forest with a weak positive correlation. (4) There is a slight delay in forest vegetation responses to air temperature and precipitation, with half a month only for limited areas of the mixed evergreen and deciduous forest.     

伏牛山地区森林植被动态变化对水热条件的响应

利用环境一号卫星不同时相多光谱数据,提取伏牛山地区不同森林植被类型。借助S-G滤波算法重构2000-2013年MODIS EVI时间序列影像,并结合气温和降水数据,运用线性回归、相关性分析和ANUSPLIN插值等方法分析伏牛山地区不同森林植被类型变动对水热条件的响应方式。结果表明：① 伏牛山地区植被覆盖较高,EVI平均值为0.48,14年来总体呈上升趋势,但不同森林植被类型变化存在明显差异,其中占比例最大的落叶阔叶林的上升趋势最为明显。② 14年来伏牛山地区气温呈升高趋势,气温距平升高速度约为0.27℃/10a,降水距平百分率呈波动增加趋势。③ 伏牛山地区不同森林植被类型EVI变化和气温、降水的相关性存在明显差异,其中常绿阔叶林EVI与气温的相关性最高,常绿落叶混交林与气温的相关性最弱;除常绿落叶混交林与降水主要呈弱正相关外,其余森林植被类型与降水主要呈弱负相关。④ 伏牛山地区森林植被对气温和降水的响应总体上滞后性不明显,仅在局部区域内常绿落叶混交林与气温和降水存在半个月滞后期。     

基于植被分区的秦岭年降水分区验证及其年际变化

通过旋转经验正交分解方法对秦岭年降水量进行分区,比较秦岭降水量客观分区与植被南北分界线的一致性,运用滑动t检验、累积距平和小波方法分析了各分区的气候变化特征。主要结论为：秦岭区域可以按年降水量分为4个区域,其中秦岭中段南北分区与植被分区界线相近,走向相同;秦岭各分区多年降水量一致表现为减少趋势,近57年来,各区大约减少了一成左右的降水量;秦岭区域年降水量在近57年里发生了多次转折,最明显的转折期发生在20世纪80年代,2001年前后秦岭区域降水出现了波动增加的趋势,但增加的趋势强度还比较弱,难以达到20世纪80年代的丰水顶峰时期;秦岭各分区最显著震荡周期2~4年。建议在开展气候区划和气候变化研究时,应该考虑年降水量分区与植被自然分区的一致性。     

秦岭—大巴山高分辨率气温和降水格点数据集的建立及其对区域气候的指示

本文建立了秦岭—大巴山高分辨率(～29 m×29 m)的气候格点数据集,包括逐月气温和降水、年均温和年降水、春夏秋冬气温和降水。空间插值方法采用国际上较为先进的ANUSPLIN软件内置的薄盘光滑样条函数,以经度、纬度和海拔为独立变量。空间插值结果与流行的WorldClim 2.0气候格点数据集具有一致性,但是比后者更精确、分辨率更高、细节更突出。本文揭示和证实:秦岭南麓是最冷月气温的0℃分界线。秦岭—大巴山气温具有明显的垂直地带性。6月气温直减率最大,为0.61℃/100 m;12月气温直减率最小,为0.38℃/100 m;年均气温直减率为0.51℃/100 m。夏季和秋季降水从西南向东北递减,强降水中心出现在大巴山西南坡。冬季降水从东南向西北递减。大巴山是年降水1000 mm分界线,夏季降水500mm分界线;秦岭是年降水800 mm分界线,夏季降水400 mm分界线。与大尺度大气环流对比揭示:秦岭—大巴山气温和降水空间分布主要受到东亚季风和地形因子的控制。本文进一步明确了秦岭和大巴山的气候意义:大巴山主要阻挡夏季风北上,影响降水空间分布;秦岭主要阻挡冬季风南下,影响冬季气温空间分布。本文建立的高分辨率气候格点数据集,加深了对区域气候的认识,并将有多方面的用途。     

1960年以来中国天山冰川面积及气候变化

Based on the statistics of glacier area variation measured in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1960,the response of glacier area variation to climate change is discussed systematically.As a result,the total area of the glaciers has been reduced by 11.5% in the past 50 years,which is a weighted percentage according to the glacier area variations of 10 drainage basins separated by the Glacier Inventory of China (GIC).The annual percentage of area changes (APAC) of glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains is 0.31% after the standardization of the study period.The APAC varies widely for different drainage basins,but the glaciers are in a state of rapid retreat,generally.According to the 14 meteorological sta-tions in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains,both the temperature and precipitation display a marked increasing tendency from 1960 to 2009 at a rate of 0.34℃·(10a)-1 and 11 mm·(10a) -1,respectively.The temperature in the dry seasons (from November to March) increases rapidly at a rate of 0.46℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation grows slowly at 2.3 mm·(10a)-1.While the temperature in the wet seasons (from April to October) grows at a rate of 0.25℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation increases at 8.7 mm·(10a)-1.The annual and seasonal climatic trends ac-celerate the retreat of glaciers.     

阿尔泰山中东部西伯利亚落叶松生长量及其对气候变化的响应研究

利用阿尔泰山中东部两个样点(AYS、SYK)的西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica)树轮资料,采用新疆西伯利亚落叶松一元材积式获得1969-2011年材积生长量序列。利用相关分析和回归分析等方法对生长量数据和气象资料进行分析,研究气温要素与生长量的关系及树木生长对气温和降水变化的响应。结果表明:近50 a来,西伯利亚落叶松材积生长量表现出显著增加趋势,且与生长季气温有较好的相关性;与当年6月降水量呈负相关趋势,8月降水量呈正相关趋势;生长季平均气温在19~20.9℃时,西伯利亚落叶松生长量最大;SYK样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性高,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.936 mm³·棵^-1;AYS样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性较低,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.661 mm³·棵^-1。     

秦岭中部山地降水的垂直变化研究

明确秦岭高海拔山区降水的变化规律,是深入理解秦岭作为中国南北地理过渡带特征、认识秦岭水资源在南水北调中线工程中重要作用的前提。但秦岭高海拔地区长期缺乏有效的降水观测数据,导致对其降水变化缺乏了解。利用2018年6月1日—2019年5月31日秦岭太白山海拔3760 m实测降水数据,发现在秦岭海拔3760 m处年降水量可达1300 mm,远高于汉江盆地和关中平原600~800 mm的年降水量。在此基础上,检验了克里金（Kriging）、反距离加权（IDW）和薄盘样条（ANUSPLIN）插值方法,以及GPM修正数据（GPM-cal）和ERA5再分析资料对秦岭中部山地年和季节降水空间模态的再现效果,各方案均能揭示秦岭高山区是降水高值中心,且降水随海拔的升高而增大,但利用克里金、反距离加权插值方案不能得到准确的高海拔降水值,与此相比,GPM-cal数据、薄盘样条插值与ERA5资料能较准确刻画秦岭中部山地年降水量随地形的变化。水汽通量分析显示,秦岭凭借高大地形对600 hPa高度以下的南来湿润气流具有明显的阻挡、强迫和拦截作用,使其南坡成为区域降水高值中心。结合高山区降水观测、薄盘样条插值、多源格点资料和数据修正方法,是认识秦岭山地降水形成和变化的有效途径。     

内蒙古植被覆盖度的时空动态变化及其与气候因子的关系(英文)

The vegetation coverage dynamics and its relationship with climate factors on different spatial and temporal scales in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010 were analyzed based on MODIS-NDVI data and climate data.The results indicated that vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia showed obvious longitudinal zonality,increasing from west to east across the region with a change rate of 0.2/10°N.During 2001-2010,the mean vegetation coverage was 0.57,0.4 and 0.16 in forest,grassland and desert biome,respectively,exhibiting evident spatial heterogeneities.Totally,vegetation coverage had a slight increasing trend during the study period.Across Inner Mongolia,the area of which the vegetation coverage showed extremely significant and significant increase accounted for 11.25% and 29.13% of the area of whole region,respectively,while the area of which the vegetation coverage showed extremely significant and significant decrease accounted for 7.65% and 26.61%,respectively.On inter-annual time scale,precipitation was the dominant driving force of vegetation coverage for the whole region.On inter-monthly scale,the change of vegetation coverage was consistent with both the change of temperature and precipitation,implying that the vegetation growth within a year is more sensitive to the combined effects of water and heat rather than either single climate factor.The vegetation coverage in forest biome was mainly driven by temperature on both inter-annual and inter-monthly scales,while that in desert biome was mainly influenced by precipitation on both the two temporal scales.In grassland biome,the yearly vegetation coverage had a better correlation with precipitation,while the monthly vegetation coverage was influenced by both temperature and precipitation.In grassland biome,the impacts of precipitation on monthly vegetation coverage showed time-delay effects.