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1.
MODIS遥感数据提取赤潮信息方法与应用——以珠江口为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,中国沿海近岸二类水体中的赤潮频发,对海洋环境、社会经济和公众健康都造成较大危害,因此,针对近岸二类水体中较小范围赤潮的遥感监测分析有重要意义。本文的工作主要集中在:(1)分析典型赤潮海水、泥沙浑浊海水、赤潮泥沙混合海水,以及清洁海水的MODIS影像光谱特征;(2)分析叶绿素a法,温度法,荧光法和波段比值法,在近岸小范围赤潮识别应用中的优势和缺点;(3)提出监督分类的赤潮信息提取方法,其中典型赤潮样本的选取基于蓝绿波段反射率比值和MODIS 1,4,3波段。利用本方法,对珠江口海域2006年2月赤潮进行了提取,取得良好的效果。 相似文献
2.
斯里兰卡是海上丝绸之路沿线重要节点,降雨量丰富但时空分布不均匀,存在明显季节性缺水,其内陆湖库水体面积变化监测对水资源开发利用具有重要指导作用。为了解斯里兰卡湖库水体空间分布特征与时间变化规律,本文基于Landsat系列影像数据,对比分析不同水体提取模型在影像上的水体提取精度,确定最优算法;选取典型湖库分析其面积年际和年内的动态变化特征。以1995、2005和2015年为基准研究年份,采用最优水体提取模型对全岛内陆湖库水体进行提取,利用面积将湖库分为4个等级,统计各年份不同等级湖库的数量和面积数据,分析其时空变化特征。研究结果表明:①基于大津法(OTSU)的归一化水体指数(NDWI)水体提取模型提取水体的精度最高,总体精度在97%以上,误提率和漏提率最低,适合于斯里兰卡地区水体的提取;②1988-2018年同期8月的典型水库面积总体呈现波动增加的趋势,1992年水库面积最小,2013年水库面积最大;水库面积年内变化较大,其中2017年最大面积出现在2月,最小出现在9月,与雨季和旱季结束月份基本一致,且2月面积是9月面积的2.24倍;③1995-2015年同期,斯里兰卡全国4个等级湖库的数量和面积不同幅度的增加,湖库水体资源量呈递增的趋势。研究结果可为斯里兰卡水土资源优化配置及水资源管理与规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
利用2014~2022年获取的12期国产高分辨率遥感卫星影像和矿区修复前后3期无人机影像,对其进行配准、融合、镶嵌等一系列处理后,采用目视解译方法提取研究区域图斑变化信息,用以监测评价谭家山煤矿区经水资源破坏治理、地形地貌景观治理、土地综合整治等工程修复前后的生态环境变化情况和治理效果。所提取信息能很好地反映煤矿区自2020年工程修复开始至2022年结束的全过程生态环境变化情况,并清晰显示修复后的谭家山煤矿区基本实现水系联通与恢复、裸露山体复绿、土地资源恢复提质,修复区人居生态环境得到显著改善。提出采用多源、长时序遥感影像分析矿区变化情况,结果客观、准确,可为矿区生态保护修复工程的监测监管提供参考和途径。 相似文献
4.
高潜水位煤矿区开采后极易形成的积水区,对其进行提取设计以及演变分析具有重要科学意义。本研究基于Landsat系列影像数据,利用遥感云计算平台GEE,采用水体指数法提取巨野龙固煤矿2001—2020年的水体面积变化,同时与GSW数据集提取的水面进行辅助验证以及利用Sentinel-2数据监督分类提取水体进行精度验证,然后对其演变进行分析。结果表明:研究区20年来水体范围一直在呈稳定增长的趋势,2001—2014年呈缓慢增长趋势,2015—2020年呈现出迅速增长的趋势,造成矿区水体范围面积在2015年迅速扩大的原因主要为煤矿开采活动。 相似文献
5.
由于地域、天气等原因造成的云影问题,导致了水体时序分析困难。本文以资源三号(ZY-3)影像作为辅助数据,以环境与灾害监测预报小卫星影像(HJ-1)作为研究数据,通过提取一个时间段内多景时相相近HJ-1数据中有效水体信息,迭代补充成完整的水体提取结果,将不同时间段内影像水体提取的完整结果形成时序监测数据,以达到对某地区水体时序变化监测的目的。通过对淮河流域安徽段研究区水体分布监测表明,该方法能充分利用每个时间段内质量不理想的源数据,对相近时相数据迭代补充,完整提取该时间段内的水体信息。多个时间段迭代补充形成的时序数据可有效支持时序监测。本文在研究区共选取了8295个查找点,结果表明:2013年该研究区洪季(7、8月)水体信息比旱季(3、4月)更丰富,特别是东南部在洪季形成了许多零散水体;相较于旱季,洪季研究区水域面积增长了22.1%。 相似文献
6.
及时准确掌握农作物种植制度时空分布信息,对于确保国家粮食安全与农业结构合理具有重要意义。随着时序遥感影像质量的不断提高,基于时序遥感数据的农作物种植制度研究备受关注。本文从研究框架、遥感特征参数以及数据产品等角度,分析了基于时序遥感数据的农作物种植制度最新研究进展。研究发现:(1)前农作物种植制度研究框架,主要包括耕地复种指数和农作物制图等相关内容,其问题在于需要高质量耕地分布数据支撑以及易将热带亚热带湿润区撂荒地误判为农作物等;(2)于红边和短波红外的新型多维度光谱指数,有助于更好地揭示农作物生长发育过程,大尺度农作物时序遥感制图取得了系列研究成果,但需要应对不同作物光谱差异细微、同种作物在不同区域和年份存在明显类内异质性的挑战;(3)尺度中高分辨率耕地复种指数产品不断丰富,但其时效性和时空连续性有待加强;(4)欧美少数国家外,目前农作物分布数据产品覆盖的作物类型有限,我国大尺度农作物种植制度数据产品欠缺,特别是复杂多熟制农业区。随着多源遥感数据时空谱分辨率的不断提高以及云计算平台性能的不断发展,我们对以下方面进行了研究展望:(1)新研究框架,建立直接提取耕作区、农作物种植模式的农作... 相似文献
7.
遥感技术为监测煤矿粗放式开发利用导致的资源环境破坏提供了便利,而绿色发展理念视角下对煤矿资源及周边生态环境的监测对遥感技术进一步提出了识别内部精细类型、开展长时序格局演变的新要求。为此,本研究基于高分六号(GF-6)影像、Landsat系列影像和谷歌地球历史高分影像,在内蒙古典型煤矿区采用人机交互的方式提取了2007—2019年包含露天采矿场、覆煤区、排土场和复垦区4种类型的煤矿区空间范围数据,从煤矿开采与治理趋势和煤矿开采与治理对周边土地利用的影响2个方面对该煤矿区的时空格局演变展开分析。结果显示煤矿区在2010年以前处于集中开采阶段,对周围土地利用侵占的主要用地类型为草地,在2010年后逐渐开始开展治理工作,且2015年后治理趋势超过开采趋势,实现了从“先开采后治理”到“边开采边治理”的转变。研究表明结合多源遥感影像可以实现绿色发展理念视角下煤矿区含内部精细类型的长时序动态监测,开采与治理相关结论可以为政策实施的有效性评估和政策演进的优化调整提供技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
黄河三角洲海岸线遥感动态监测 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
黄河三角洲是世界上海岸线变迁最快的地区之一。遥感与GIS技术相结合,能准确及时地监测黄河三角洲海岸线的动态演变。本文以1976年以来多时相遥感影像为主要数据源,通过几何精校正与配准,形成统一投影与坐标体系的遥感影像,运用平均高潮线法,对20景时间序列影像经分类处理后提取海岸线;另经GIS叠加分析,剖析了现行黄河河口、钓口河口地区海岸线的演变过程及其规律。 相似文献
9.
不透水面作为反应城市表征变化和区域城镇化的重要技术指标,其位置、图斑大小、空间分布等信息在地表水热循环和能量平衡等领域被广泛需求。传统方法大都基于单一时相信息提取不透水面,而忽略多时相所蕴含的丰富信息。因此,本文提出多时相信息融合的不透水面级联提取方法,利用Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像分析归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)、改进的归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI)和归一化建筑指数(Normalized Difference Building Index, NDBI)年内时序变化特点和典型地物间多时相波谱曲线的协同特征,并归纳不透水面多时相变化规律;再根据先验知识所获取的有效地表信息,进行多时相分级提取不透水面信息。此外,基于实地考察数据和同期2 m GF-1遥感影像屏幕数字化生成30 m不透水面图斑,进行精度验证、分析和对比单时相、四季相及多时相3种时序情况下的提取精度。结果表明:单时相提取不透水面总精度最低,四季相提取精度优于单时相,而多时相提取精度最高(精度可达93.66%,Kappa系数为0.81)。本方法在偏远城镇不透水面的有效识别中显露潜在优势,可为不透水面提取方法融合时序波谱特征提供新思路。 相似文献
10.
新增建设用地及其占用地类是年度土地利用动态遥感监测的重点关注信息,综合利用多源数据是提高占地信息提取精度的主要手段之一。现有研究基于光学与高光谱特征波段的像素级融合影像开展分析,不可避免地导致了高光谱影像光谱信息的损失。为了尽量避免信息损失,提出一种光学和高光谱影像独立分析、结果集成的新增建设用地占用地类信息提取方法。该方法首先结合土地利用动态遥感监测所定义的3种主要新增建设用地形态,利用前后两个时相GF-1光学影像的光谱和纹理特征提取新增建设用地,其次利用前时相Hyperion高光谱影像的精细光谱成像能力进行详细土地利用分类,最后通过新增建设用地与土地利用分类图的叠置分析提取新增建设用地占用地类。在北京市丰台区典型区域开展的验证实验取得了86.71%的新增建设用地占用地类属性精度,表明本方法可为土地利用动态遥感监测提供较为准确的地类变化信息。 相似文献
11.
黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。 相似文献
12.
WANG Nan QIAO Lulu LI Guangxue ZHONG Yi SONG Dehai DING Dong GAO Fei JI Fengying 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1):20-30
Since 2002, an artificial water and sediment regulation(AWSR) has been carried out, which largely reduced water and sediment discharged from the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea. Although the sediment transport in the Yellow River Mouth(YRM) has been observed and modeled intensively since AWSR, but preferentially for the non-storm conditions. In this study, a three-dimensional current-wave-sediment coupled model, DHI-MIKE numerical model, was used to examine the seasonal suspended-sediment transport in the YRM after the AWSR. Results show that the seasonal distribution of suspended-sediments in the YRM is dominated by wind and wave rather than river input. The major transport pathway of suspended-sediments is from the western Laizhou Bay to the Bohai Strait during the winter monsoon, especially in storm events. In addition, about 66% of the river sediments deposit within 30 km of the YRM, which is smaller than previous estimations. It suggests that the YRM has been eroded in recent decades. 相似文献
13.
LUO Xianxiang ZHANG Shanshan YANG Jianqiang PAN Jinfen TIAN Lin ZHANG Longjun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(3):366-372
The macrobenthic community of the Xiaoqing River Estuary and the adjacent sea waters was investigated in May and November 2008, August 2009, and May and September 2010, respectively. A total of 95 species of macrobenthos were identified in the five cruises and most of them were polychaetes (46.39%), mollusks (28.86%) and crustaceans (20.62%). The Shannon-Wiener index of macrobenthos was lower than 2 in 67% sites. Along the stream channel, estuary and the coastal waters, the species of polychaetes reduced gradually, while the abundance increased at first and then decreased. The abundance was the biggest at regions with salinity of 5–20 in the estuary. The species and abundance of mollusks and crustaceans increased gradually. As for seasonal distribution, the species, abundance and biomass were higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn. Contemporaneously compared with Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary, the species of macrobenthos appeared in the Xiaoqing River Estuary were much less, while the percentage of polychaetes was higher. Abundance and biomass were higher in Xiaoqing River estuary, then consequently followed by Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary. The dominant species in Xiaoqing River Estuary was polychaete, and Layzhou Bay mollusk. The community structure characteristics of macrobenthos in the Xiaoqing River Estuary revealed a significant pollution status in this region. 相似文献
14.
With the combination of historical data, field observations and satellite remotely sensed images(Landsat TM/ETM and CBERS), changes in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary since 1996 when artificial Chahe distributary was built up were studied, mainly including water and sediment discharge from the river, tides, tidal currents, suspended sediment diffusion, coastline changes and seabed development. During following six and half years (up to the end of 2002), runoff and sediment loads into the river mouth declined dramatically. At the beginning of the re-routing, abundant sediment loads from the river filled up nearshore shallow water areas so that the newborn delta prograded quickly. With rapid decrease of sediment loads transported to the estuary, the delta retrograded. In 1997, subaerial tip of the abandoned delta receded 1.5km; its annual mean recession rate was about 150 m in following years. In addition, marine dynamic condition near the artificial outlet had also changed. Under the interaction of ocean and river flow, most of incoming sediment loads deposited in the vicinity of the outlet. Seabed erosion occurred at the subaqueous delta front. Between 1999 and 2002, erosion thickness averaged at 0.3 m in the subaqueous delta of 585.5 km2. 相似文献
15.
The distribution of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea (BYECS) is studied based on the observed turbidity data and model simulation results. The observed turbidity results show that (i) the highest SSC is found in the coastal areas while in the outer shelf sea areas turbid water is much more difficult to observe, (ii) the surface layer SSC is much lower than the bottom layer SSC and (iii) the winter SSC is higher than the summer SSC. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to simulate the SSC distribution in the BYECS. A comparison between the modeled SSC and the observed SSC in the BYECS shows that the modeled SSC can reproduce the principal features of the SSC distribution in the BYECS. The dynamic mechanisms of the sediment erosion and transport processes are studied based on the modeled results. The horizontal distribution of the SSC in the BYECS is mainly determined by the current-wave induced bottom stress and the fine-grain sediment distribution. The current-induced bottom stress is much higher than the wave-induced bottom stress, which means the tidal currents play a more significant role in the sediment resuspension than the wind waves. The vertical mixing strength is studied based on the mixed layer depth and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the BYECS. The strong winter time vertical mixing, which is mainly caused by the strong wind stress and surface cooling, leads to high surface layer SSC in winter. High surface layer SSC in summer is restricted in the coastal areas. 相似文献
16.
Chao Zhan Junbao Yu Qing Wang Yunzhao Li Di Zhou Qinghui Xing Xiaojing Chu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(6):934-947
Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration(SSSC) in estuary is essential to address several important issues: erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continuous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/l were carried out using an Ava Field-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance(Rrs) was obtained in the spectral range of 726–900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740–900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed(R2 = 0.992). The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared(NIR) band(740–900 nm) to a visible band(400–600 nm) as factors, provided robust quantification of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/l, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sediment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing. 相似文献
17.
本文选择黄河三角洲大汶流自然保护区为研究对象,以多时相遥感影像,对土地利用类型进行解译分析。同时,以平均低潮线作为分析基线,提取海岸线变化信息。结果表明:1996-2009年研究区面积净增13.35km2。各种土地利用类型中滩涂所占面积最大,养殖池所占比例最小,但增幅明显。芦苇地面积后期增长迅速,指示研究区生态环境趋向转好。自然因素(黄河来水来沙量)和人类活动(黄河调水调沙工程,湿地恢复工程,滩涂规模开发以及人类开垦造田)是研究区土地利用类型变化的直接驱动力。1976-2009年研究区海岸净造陆面积217.14km2,沙嘴变幅为29.2km。黄河入海水沙量和滨海区的海洋潮流条件共同影响着海岸线的变迁。 相似文献
18.
In an estuary,tidal,wave and other marine powers interact with the coast in different ways and affect estuary morphology as well as its evolution.In the Huanghe(Yellow) River estuaries and nearby delta,there are many small sediment-affected estuaries with a unique morphology,such as the Xiaoqing River estuary.In this study,we investigated the special evolution and genetic mechanism of the Xiaoqing River estuary by analyzing graphic and image data with a numerical simulation method.The results show that NE and NE-E tide waves are the main driving force for sandbar formation.Sediment shoals have originated from huge amounts of sediment from the Huanghe River,with consequent deposition at the Xiaoqing River mouth.The lateral suspended sediments beyond the river mouth move landward.Siltation takes place on the northern shoreline near the river mouth whereas erosion occurs in the south.The deposits come mainly from scouring of the shallow seabed on the northern side of the estuary.Storm surges speed up deposition in the estuary.Development of the sediment shoals has occurred in two steps involving the processes of growth and further southward extension.Although the southward shift increases the river curvature and length,the general eastward orientation of the estuary is unlikely to change.Processes on the adjacent shorelines do not affect the development of the sediment shoals.The study presents a morphodynamic evolutionary model for the Xiaoqing River estuary,with a long-term series cycle,within which a relatively short cycle occurs. 相似文献
19.
车志伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(6):89-92
<正>河流入海口及感潮河段是陆海相互作用藕合带[1],受径流和潮汐的共同作用,具有独特的海洋环境。三亚河位于三亚湾的东侧,是注入三亚湾的最大河流,其流程28.8 km,集雨面积337.02 km2,河床平均坡降6.09‰,总落差459.21 m,三亚河属潮汐河流,平均每日纳潮量达490万立方米,年径流量为179亿立方米,现实际日纳潮量为253立方米、年径流量为92亿立方米。近年来,国内学者已对三亚湾海域开展了若干研究,如中国科学院南海海洋研究所何雪琴[2]、南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室毛龙江等[3]都先后报道过三亚湾的研究结果,但对三亚河口及感潮段悬浮物分布的研究目前尚未见报道。本文通过分析监测结果,研究了三亚河入海口及感潮河段悬浮物分布特征和潮汐对其影响。 相似文献