城市水环境分析模型系统的国际化与本土化研究

人类生态环境的退化是新世纪全球可持续发展所面临的重大问题，而城市水环境污染治理的中心业已从发达国家转移到发展中国家。我们在参与上海市水环境污染治理研究中认识到；在借鉴国际上先进的水环境分析模型系统的同时，必须运用先进的地理信息系统技术，开发本土化的空间模拟系统，才能使模型分析更有效的应用于我国城市水环境治理的决策中。本文结合作者近期研发成果，重点介绍国际上著名的水环境分析模型从数值处理，图表显示，空间可视化到动态模拟系统的发展态势及其我们的模型本土化开发中创建的方法与技术特点。     

基于GIS的水环境价值模糊综合评价研究

将GIS技术引入水环境价值经济评价研究中,基于环境价值理论,探讨在GIS支持下水环境价值评价的原理、方法及其实现途径,构建相应的模糊综合评价数学模型,并将该模型与GIS集成,借助GIS有效的空间管理平台,从价值观角度定量探讨水环境与社会经济系统的关系。     

环渤海地区城市经济影响区的空间分异研究——基于“湖泊效应”和BASS模型

地理要素影响城市社会经济发展是经典地理学研究的重要内容之一,湖泊通过系统自组织力和人为干预影响周边城市经济的发展。将渤海看作一个巨大的湖泊,以环渤海地区3省2市为研究区域,基于"湖泊效应"和BASS模型构建理论体系,利用缓冲分析和非线性回归分析确定分层边界和圈层结构。结果表明:1湖泊对城市经济的影响呈现随距离增加先下降后上升最后大幅下降的趋势;2将环渤海地区分为核心区、重点区和边缘区,边界线依次为66 km、216 km和区域边界;3圈层结构特征明显:重点区中心城市与核心区港口城市形成双核结构;随着距离增加,从核心区、重点区至边缘区城市经济发展水平呈现倒"U"型结构。     

基于“湖泊效应”的城市经济影响区空间分异模型及应用——以环鄱阳湖区为例

基于"湖泊效应"假设与城市空间结构理论,提出了湖泊影响周围城市经济的理论模型,并以环鄱阳湖区为例进行实证分析。研究显示,在鄱阳湖影响下,环鄱阳湖区城市分布密度和交通网络密度都随距湖距离变化而呈现出先逐渐增大继而逐渐减小的趋势,但随距离进一步增加,城市分布密度和交通网络密度又呈增大趋势,由此根据极值原理和专题属性将环鄱阳湖区划分为3个城市经济影响区。可见,该模型不仅可以从理论上解释湖泊如何影响周围城市经济区空间分异,而且可以提供一个定量分析模型加以推广。     

城市水环境对居民健康影响的研究进展与启示——基于CiteSpace的计量研究

城市水环境是指居民在日常生活中接触或使用的城市蓝色空间水体,能够影响居民身心健康。基于CiteSpace软件,从文献分布特征、研究热点、研究趋势和研究内容方面切入,检索学科范围集中在地理学、社会学、环境科学、医学等,以“水环境”“健康”“潜在机制”等作为检索关键词,最终选取Scopus数据库中2000—2020年的972篇文献进行可视化分析。研究发现：1）国外城市水环境与居民健康的研究关注度持续上升,文献归属地区主要集中在英、美等国家;2）城市水环境类型、城市水环境对居民健康的影响、城市水环境影响健康的机制、不同群体的健康影响差异、政策规划启示等是研究热点;3）研究趋势从早期探索到目前的主题多元化,并逐渐向微观精细化发展;4）研究内容分为城市水环境暴露水平度量、城市水环境对居民健康的影响研究、影响路径与机制、群体差异、增进健康的水体规划设计和主动干预政策五方面。本文可为中国健康城市、健康社区的研究和实践提供参考。     

基于二维水动力模型的湿地生态补水研究与应用

针对南京上秦淮湿地这一水网密布、水系连接复杂的地区,采用MIKE21二维水动力模型建立了湿地补水及水循环的数学模型。基于模型研究了湿地生态补水量及补水、水循环方案。模拟结果表明:在进水、引水、出水设施的共同作用下,水系流动通畅,流场分布较均匀合理。除了能很好地实现全区补水,还能保证整体水域流速,特别是几个湖区也能保持基本的流动状态。基于模型的湿地补水及水循环对于湿地自净能力的提高和水质维护有很大作用。     

Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It...     

河湖水系连通理论基础与优先领域

河湖水系连通是中国正在推进的重大治水战略,是提高国家水资源统筹调配能力、水生态环境修复能力和河湖健康保障能力的重大举措,也是提高水旱灾害抵御能力的重要保障.目前河湖水系连通的知识比较零散,尚未形成系统的理论体系,河湖水系连通理论基础的研究,对理论体系的构建、战略的实施和持续推进具有重要意义.本文基于河湖水系连通的理论研...     

基于仿真模拟的长株潭城市群水资源供需系统决策优化

基于系统动力学的原理和方法,在充分考虑社会经济发展及城镇生态用水需求的基础上,建立长株潭城市群水资源供需系统模型,仿真模拟传统发展型、发展经济型、节水型、协调型等四种不同方案条件下,2012-2030 年长株潭城市群水资源供需变化趋势,并在此基础上,对水资源供需系统仿真方案与决策优化进行综合分析。研究结果表明:① 随着经济发展和人口增长,长株潭城市群水资源供需矛盾将日趋紧张;② 在协调型模式下,到2030 年长株潭城市群总需水量达到105.1×10⁸ m³,水资源供给能力尚有5.4×10⁸ m³富余,模拟期内水资源供给基本能够满足社会经济发展的需求,且能够获得最大的综合效益,是长株潭城市群水资源开发利用的相对较优方案;③ 为了实现预期目标,还需加快水利建设、完善用水管理、优化经济结构、增强节水意识、加大循环利用和环境整治,提高用水效率和水资源保障水平。研究结论可为促进长株潭城镇化发展与水资源高效配置提供依据,同时本文可为进一步深入探讨协调城镇化发展与水资源优化配置决策方案评价提供科学参考。     

Monitoring and simulation of water, heat, and CO2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems based on the APEIS-FLUX system

The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite, as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water, heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region.     

基于亚太地区环境综合监测的陆地生态系统中水、热和二氧化碳的监测与模拟

The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite,as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water,heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region.     

基于改进土壤冻融水循环的Biome-BGC模型估算青藏高原草地NPP

Biome-BGC模型被广泛用于估算植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity, NPP）,但是该模型未考虑冻土区土壤冻融水循环过程对植被生长的影响。本文基于Biome-BGC模型,改进冻土区活动层土壤冻融水循环,估算了2000—2018年青藏高原高寒草地NPP。通过比较原模型和改进后的模型,并对NPP模拟结果的时空特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 增加冻融循环提高了NPP估算精度,青藏高原草地NPP均值由114.68 gC/(m²·a)提高到128.02 gC/(m²·a)。② 原模型和改进后NPP的空间分布差异较大,时间变化趋势差异不明显。③ 青藏高原草地NPP总量为253.83 TgC/a,呈东南向西北递减的空间格局,年均增速为0.21gC/(m²·a)（P=0.023）,显著增加的占17.85%,主要分布在羌塘高寒草原地带的大部分地区和藏南山地灌木草原地带的西部。④ 该冻融水循环改进方法简单可靠,具有在其他多年冻土区推广的价值。     

Integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in arid area

Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to 2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between water resources and urbanization system in arid area.