涡旋Rossby波传播的不同特征

用一个柱坐标系涡度正压方程的半谱模式，实施了4组试验，研究了不同初始扰动涡旋分布条件下，涡旋Rossby波的传播特征问题。结果指出：正值、负值相间的沿方向角二波分布的初始场，与只有正值涡旋的初始场相比，其后涡旋Rossby波的传播有明显的差别，即前者向内传播的涡量比后者衰减得快，而且前者是单峰传播，后者是双峰传播。     

Mesoscale Barotropic Instability of Vortex Rossby Waves in Tropical Cyclones

In this study, the barotropic stability of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) in 2D inviscid tropical cyclone (TC)-like vortices is explored in the context of rotational dynamics on an f-plane. Two necessary instable conditions are discovered: (a) there must be at least one zero point of basic vorticity gradient in the radial scope; and (b) the relative propagation velocity of perturbations must be negative to the basic vorticity gradient, which reflects the restriction relationship of instable energy. The maximum ...     

非线性涡旋Rossby波的演变特征

利用多重尺度摄动法，推导出非线性涡旋Rossby波波包的演变方程是非线性Schroedinger方程。对该非线性Schroedinger方程的周期波动解及其稳定性进行了研究，得到了有关稳定和不稳定的判据。数值计算表明：非线性涡旋Rossby波的相速值为10^0m／s量级，这和台风中的螺旋雨带实测移速的量级是一致的，可以从涡旋Rossby波说中较好地解释台风中的螺旋雨带的形成和维持。     

Variations in Wave Energy and Amplitudes along the Energy Dispersion Paths of Nonstationary Barotropic Rossby Waves

The variations in the wave energy and the amplitude along the energy dispersion paths of the barotropic Rossby waves in zonally symmetric basic flow are studied by solving the wave energy equation,which expresses that the wave energy variability is determined by the divergence of the group velocity and the energy budget from the basic flow.The results suggest that both the wave energy and the amplitude of a leading wave increase significantly in the propagating region that is located south of the jet axis and enclosed by a southern critical line and a northern turning latitude.The leading wave gains the barotropic energy from the basic flow by eddy activities.The amplitude continuously climbs up a peak at the turning latitude due to increasing wave energy and enlarging horizontal scale(shrinking total wavenumber).Both the wave energy and the amplitude eventually decrease when the trailing wave continuously approaches southward to the critical line.The trailing wave decays and its energy is continuously absorbed by the basic flow.Furthermore,both the wave energy and the amplitude oscillate with a limited range in the propagating region that is located near the jet axis and enclosed by two turning latitudes.Both the leading and trailing waves neither develop nor decay significantly.The jet works as a waveguide to allow the waves to propagate a long distance.     

青藏高原热力作用下的非绝热Rossby波

从含非绝热项的准地转运动方程组出发，分析了青藏高原大尺度热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的一些性质，从理论上证明当背景西风气流为正压时，冬季高原冷却作用有利于Rossby波的经向传播，夏季高原大尺度热力作用不利于波动的经向传播。非绝热Rossby波的频率方程说明冬季高原的热力作用是中纬季节内振荡的重要激发机制。同时，在背景西风气流为纯斜压条件下，求解了高原热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的频率，并由频率方程说明冬季高原热力作用有利于波动向不稳定方向发展，而夏季高原的大尺度热力作用对波动稳定性的影响存在临界值。     

基本气流对赤道Rossby波和重力波的影响

应用考虑基本气流作用的赤道β平面线性模式,分析了基本气流对赤道Rossby波和重力波的影响。分析表明,基本西风气流中西传的赤道Rossby波和西传重力波仍有混合现象,基本西风气流将使Rossby波出现不稳定增长,而基本东风气流中的Rossby波和重力波是完全可分的。     

切变基本纬向流中赤道Rossby包络孤立波

利用多重尺度摄动法，从描写赤道Rossby波的正压大气位涡度方程中推导出在切变基本纬向流中非线性赤道Rossby波包演变所满足的非线性Schrodinger方程，并得到其单个包络孤立子波解，分析基本流切变对非线性赤道Rossby波动的影响。     

从Rossby波能量频散理论到准定常行星波动力学研究的发展

本文是为纪念叶笃正院士诞辰百周年和他对大气动力学发展的重大贡献而撰写的.叶先生在20世纪40年代所提出的罗斯贝波能量频散理论不仅至今仍广泛应用于天气预报,而且开创了准定常行星波动力学的研究.在罗斯贝波频散理论的启迪和引领下,行星波动力学和大气环流异常遥相关的研究取得重要进展.特别是关于准定常行星波在二维和三维球面大气的传播特征以及北半球夏季大气环流异常的EAP(East Asia-Pacific)型和"丝绸之路(Silk Road)"型遥相关及其机理已做出系统的研究,本文简要地回顾这些研究.并且,本文还回顾了在叶先生所提出罗斯贝波能量频散理论的引领下,近年来我们关于东亚冬、夏季风和我国气候灾害的年际和年代际变化的内动力学机理研究所取得的进展.     

Variable Coefficient KdV Equation for Amplitude of Nonlinear Solitary Rossby Waves in a Sort of Time-Dependent Zonal Flow

On the basis of the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, theoretical research has been down upon the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves employing the perturbation method, and come to the conclusion that the evolution of the amplitude satisfies the variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation.     

切变基流对赤道大气波动稳定性的作用

在赤道β平面近似条件下，使用纬向切变基流下线性化Boussinesq方程组，分析了在纬向切变基流下几种赤道大气波动的稳定性特征。研究结果表明，基本气流的水平切变对赤道大气波动起到不稳定的作用，但是对赤道大气Kelvin波的频率、稳定性以及传播的相速度并不起作用。基本气流的水平切变使得相对于基本气流向东传播的重力惯性内波相速度减慢，而使得相对于基本气流向西传播的重力惯性内波的相速度加快，却造成相对于基本气流向西传播的Rossby波相速度减慢。基本气流的水平切变对于对赤道混合Rossby-重力惯性内波的影响主要取决于纬向波数k值的范围大小。当纬向波数k值较小时，基流的水平切变使得相对于基本气流向西传播的混合Rossby-重力惯性内波相速度加快；而当纬向波数k值较大时，则使得相对于基本气流向西传播的混合Rossby-重力惯性内波相速度减慢。在半地转近似下，风速水平切变的存在，会使得波长较大（纬向波数k→0）的赤道Rossby波相对于基本气流向西传播的相速度减慢；而风速垂直切变的存在，必然会引起这种波长较大（k→0）的Rossby波出现不稳定增长，同样也会造成赤道Rossby波相对于基本气流向西传播的相速度减慢。最后通过扰动发展能量方程，说明了基本气流的水平切变和垂直切变可以为扰动的发展提供能量来源。     

强迫耗散作用下的Rossby包络孤立波及其相互作用

本文讨论了强迫和耗散对Rossby包络孤立波的影响，得到了在强迫和耗散共同作用下，当准共振条件和锁相条件满足时，包络孤立波从外场那里获取能量来克服耗散并形成稳定的锁相包络孤立波。本文还研究了在强迫和耗散作用下两个包络孤立波的碰撞相互作用，发现在某些参数下，两波碰撞后性质变化不大，而在另外一些参数下，碰撞后两波性质显著改变。     

Variations in Amplitudes and Wave Energy along the Energy Dispersion Paths for Rossby Waves in the Quasigeostrophic Barotropic Model

Variations in wave energy and amplitude for Rossby waves are investigated by solving the wave energy equation for the quasigeostrophic barotropic potential vorticity model.The results suggest that compared with rays in the nondivergent barotropic model,rays in the divergent model can have enhanced meridional and zonal propagation,accompanied by a more dramatic variability in both wave energy and amplitude,which is caused by introducing the divergence effect of the free surface in the quasigeostrophic model.For rays propagating in a region enclosed by a turning latitude and a critical latitude,the wave energy approaches the maximum value inside the region,while the amplitude approaches the maximum at the turning latitude.Waves can develop when both the wave energy and amplitude increase.For rays propagating in a region enclosed by two turning latitudes,the wave energy approaches the minimum value at one turning latitude and the maximum value at the other latitude,while the total wavenumber approaches the maximum value inside the region.The resulting amplitude increases if the total wavenumber decreases or the wave energy increases more significantly and decreases if the total wavenumber increases or the wave energy decreases more significantly.The matched roles of the energy from the basic flow and the divergence of the group velocity contribute to the slightly oscillating wave energy,which causes a slightly oscillating amplitude as well as the slightly oscillating total wavenumber.     

低纬大气Kelvin波和Rossby波的非线性相互作用

利用多重尺度摄动法,对低纬大气Kelvin波和Rossby波的波包演变进行了分析,得到两波的非线性相互作用方程为耦合的非线性复系数Landau方程组。数值计算表明两波相遇将使波振幅变化,波宽变窄;两波非线性相互作用可能是低纬强烈天气突然爆发的原因之一。     

频散效应对Rossby波动量和热量输送的影响

本文分析了扰动的频散效应对Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波动量和热量输送的影响，分析指出：（１）频散效应是大气大尺度运动中扰动动能向平均动能转换（即能量逆转）的根本原因，也是扰动有效位能转化为扰动动能所必不可少的。（２）正压大气大尺度运动扰动动能转化为平均动能的充分条件为基本气流水平切变的特征宽度Ｌ（１）小于临界宽度Ｌｃ≡｜γ     

mKdV Equation for Solitary Rossby Waves with Linear Topography Effect in Barotropic Fluids

The modify Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations, governing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves, are derived from quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation by using the perturbation method. The result manifests that the linear topography effect with the change of latitude can induce solitary Rossby wave.     

1822号台风“山竹”的涡旋Rossby波特征分析

采用WRF中尺度模式对2018年22号台风“山竹”进行高分辨率的数值模拟,在此基础上,分析台风的精细动力结构和雨带特征。分析结果发现,台风“山竹”的眼墙处具有低层辐合流入、高层辐散流出的动力配置;台风眼墙附近存在切向风速的高值区和明显的垂直上升区,并且随着高度逐渐向外侧倾斜,同时该处的雷达回波也较强,对流系统较为深厚。然后利用尺度分离方法得到涡旋罗斯贝(Rossby）波的扰动场,进一步分析了台风“山竹”内部的涡旋Rossby波特征。研究发现：1）1波和2波会同时沿着切向和径向方向传播,2波的振幅明显小于1波;1波和2波的正涡度扰动大值区基本覆盖强的雷达回波区域,同时伴有较强的对流活动。2）垂直方向上,降水区的涡度扰动呈现出上层为正、下层为负的动力配置时,同时散度扰动的垂直方向也有类似配置时,则会加强对流系统的发展,有利于降水的增强。由此可见,1波和2波扰动的上层辐散下层辐合的动力配置会促使对流系统的加强,同时也会对台风降水的强度和分布有一定的作用。     

A Survey of Statistical Relationships between Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Rossby Waves

Convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves(ERW)modulate tropical cyclone activities over tropical oceans.This study presents a survey of the statistical relationship between intraseasonal ERWs and tropical cyclone genesis(TCG)over major global TC basins using four-decade-long outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)and TC best-track datasets.Intraseasonal ERWs are identified from the OLR anomalies using an empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis method without imposing equatorial symmetry.We find that westward-propagating ERWs are most significant in four tropical ocean basins over the summer hemisphere and that ERWs exhibit similar northeast-southwest(southeast-northwest)tilted phase lines in the northern(southern)hemisphere,with an appreciable poleward advance of wave energy in most TC basins.The EOF-based ERW indices quantitatively show that ERWs significantly modulate TC genesis.The convectively active(suppressed)phases of ERWs coincide with increased(reduced)TCG occurrences.The TCG modulation by ERWs achieves the maximum where the ERWs propagate through the climatological TCG hotspots.As a result,the total number of TCG occurrences in the TC basins varies significantly according to the ERW phase.The ERW-TCG relationship is significant over the northwestern Pacific Ocean,northeastern Pacific Ocean,and the northern Indian Ocean during the northern summer seasons.In the southern summer season,the ERW-TCG relationship is significant over the southern Indian Ocean,Indonesian-Australia basin,and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.However,ERW activities are weak in the main TC development region of the Atlantic Ocean;and the impact on Atlantic TCG appears to be insignificant.     

涡列涡量内传的数值研究

用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式实施了4组积分时间为24h的试验，研究台风环流区域中尺度涡列对台风强度的影响。并与单个中尺度涡旋的情况作了对比。结果表明：涡列内传过程中出现了两次涡合并现象。涡列涡量内传对台风强度的影响能力较弱。单个中尺度涡旋涡量内传可使台风增强。     

涡列涡量内传的数值研究

用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式实施了4组积分时间为24h的试验,研究台风环流区域中尺度涡列对台风强度的影响,并与单个中尺度涡旋的情况作了对比。结果表明:涡列内传过程中出现了两次涡合并现象,涡列涡量内传对台风强度的影响能力较弱,单个中尺度涡旋涡量内传可使台风增强。     

非对称台风bogus方案设计和初步试验

国家气象中心台风路径数值预报模式自1996年6月投入业务运行以来, 一直在背景场中采用经验平滑滤波技术消除浅台风和嵌入轴对称的台风bogus涡旋技术。但事实上, 在采用经验平滑技术消除背景场中弱的位置不准确的浅台风涡旋同时, 也滤除了台风中心周围一些宝贵的非对称气流结构, 同时, 由于实际的台风涡旋结构是非对称的, 因而对采用轴对称涡旋的模式初始场而言, 或多或少的贡献了一些模式预报结果的路径误差。为了调查这部分非对称结构对台风预报路径误差的影响, 从T213L31全球谱模式提供的背景场中抽取浅台风周围的非对称流场, 将之加入到轴对称的台风bogus涡旋中。初步的个例试验发现, 加入非对称流场后, 能有效地减少台风路径预报误差。