××地块水泥土室内配合比试验

针对目前国内外水泥土强度测定的试验方法,还未形成规范操作的情况下,该文主要从室内试验的角度,阐述了水 泥土试验的目的、试验设备、试样的制备以及试验的方法,从而确定出最佳的水泥掺入比,同时对水泥土与原状土的 物理力学性质以及水泥土的强度增长机理作初步的探讨。     

用似水灰比对水泥土无侧限抗压强度的预测

对以连云港地区的海相软土为原料的水泥土进行了一系列物理、强度试验,分析了含水量、水泥用量和龄期对水泥土强度的影响,提出了似水灰比的概念用于水泥土强度的预测。采用提出的水泥土强度预测公式,根据某一似水灰比、龄期28 d某种的水泥土室内试验强度,可以预测不同含水量、不同水泥用量和不同龄期的水泥土室内试验强度。通过比较分析发现,得出水泥土强度预测公式可以很好地应用于其他研究者已经发表的水泥土试验数据,进一步验证了所提出的强度预测公式的有效性。     

影响水泥土波速的因素

从水泥掺入比、养护龄期、含水量和土质四个方面,结合实测结果和试验结果分别分析了这些因素对水泥土波速的影响,对于改进工程检测有一定意义。     

水泥土的力学性能试验研究

通过室内抗压试验，研究了不同水泥掺入比下水泥土的力学性能，获得了水泥土材料的应力-应变全过程曲线、棱柱体坑压强度与立方体抗压强度之间的关系。     

粉质黏土水泥土冻胀融沉特性研究

为研究水泥土冻胀融沉特性,对南京地区典型粉质黏土进行了不同条件下的冻胀融沉试验.试验控制因素包括水泥掺入比、含水率、龄期、冷端温度和荷载等,各控制因素在包含基准数值的区间内选取代表性条件进行单一变量试验.试验采用自制冻胀融沉仪进行,冻胀融沉仪下部为制冷块,上部设置补水装置,模拟真实土体冻结时水分迁移过程.结果表明:粉质...     

水泥土抗压强度和变形模量试验研究

采用DWD-100型微机控制电子万能试验机,对不同水泥掺入比的棱柱体和立方体水泥土试块进行了单轴抗压试验,获得了水泥土材料抗压强度与养护龄期以及棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度之间的关系,并进一步结合三轴试验、水泥土梁的弯曲试验和引用已发表的现场静载荷试验数据,讨论了不同试验手段对测定水泥土变形模量的影响,认为采用棱柱体抗压强度测定水泥土变形模量比较简单、合理,并得出了水泥土变形模量与抗压强度的关系。     

污水环境对水泥土渗透性能影响的试验研究

现多数水泥土防渗工程都间接或直接的与地下腐蚀性介质环境接触,会导致水泥土防渗性能的降低甚至失效。因此,通过室内模拟试验,设计了不同的水泥掺入比,进行了在污水和清水环境下水泥土的渗透性能试验,研究了在不同龄期下水泥土的渗透系数变化规律,并同时分析了渗透后水泥土中离子浓度的变化规律。试验结果表明,在清水环境下,随着龄期的增长,水泥土的渗透系数逐步减小,60 d后随着龄期的增加,水泥土渗透系数减小的程度越来越缓慢;在污水养护条件下,龄期在60 d之前,水泥土渗透系数逐步减小,龄期在60 d之后,由于水泥土被侵蚀,致使水泥土随着龄期的增加,水泥土的渗透系数逐步增大;无论是清水还是污水环境,随着水泥掺量的增大,其渗透系数均逐步降低;在污水环境中,随着龄期的增加,其水泥土中的Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl?, 浓度均逐步增大,而清水环境中Mg2+,Cl?, 浓度均逐步减小。其研究成果可为水泥土防渗工程的抗渗性和耐久性设计和应用提供技术参数,具有重要的工程意义。     

低应变动测法在水泥土桩工程质量检测中的应用初探

本文对水泥土桩强度的影响因素和低应变动测与水泥土桩强度特性的关系进行了分析，结合工程实践探讨了低应变动测法在水泥土桩质量检测中的适用性。     

基于工程地质条件约束的水泥土搅拌桩强度设计

无置换情况下高饱和度软土容纳水泥浆的掺入量是有限的,以孔隙比、饱和度、气相体积为约束条件,可计算出桩体的最大水泥掺入比。在置换地基土才能使水泥掺入量满足设计要求的情况下,上返水泥土的存在改变了水泥掺入量的分配,桩体实际水泥掺入比随水泥土上返量大小及固相中水泥所占比例而改变。本文依据地基土性状,结合比重、密度、含水量等测试参数,以水泥上返量为线索推导出了桩体实际水泥掺入比公式。并通过工程实例对比分析了水泥土强度设计中考虑地质条件约束的实际意义。     

水泥土强度试验主要影响因素的探讨

对软土中掺入不同量的水泥,以不同的水灰比(水和水泥的质量比)制成的水泥土试块在不同的养护条件下、不同的龄期对其无侧限抗压强度进行对比试验。分别讨论了掺入比(水泥和湿土的质量比)、水灰比及养护条件对其无侧限抗压强度的影响。     

含裂隙膨胀土无侧限抗压强度特征试验研究

膨胀土易发育大量裂隙,对其工程性质影响显著。引入一种膨胀土试样预制裂隙方法,对特定裂隙形态下膨胀土试样开展无侧限抗压试验,研究了膨胀土强度特征受裂隙形态的影响,并揭示了裂隙的作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）裂隙形态显著影响试样破坏模式,垂直于受力方向裂隙越宽,破坏模式由剪切-拉伸破坏向张拉破坏转变;平行于受力方向裂隙条数...     

石灰改良红层无侧限抗压强度试验研究

红层是一种特殊岩土,作为路基材料时,常会导致不均匀沉陷、翻浆冒泥等病害。为改善其力学性质,工程上通常掺入一定剂量的石灰（Ca（OH）₂）进行改良。由于降水-蒸发的周期性变化,运营期间反复干湿循环作用对路基土的工程性质造成较大影响。基于此,结合室内无侧限抗压强度试验,研究了干湿循环作用对不同掺量的石灰改良红层无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明：在最佳含水率下,石灰改良红层的无侧限抗压强度随石灰掺量的增加而增大;干湿循环作用对改良红层无侧限抗压强度的影响与石灰掺量有关,石灰掺量较低时,改良红层的抗压强度随干湿循环次数的增加而减小,石灰掺量较高时,改良红层的无侧限抗压强度随干湿循环次数的增加而显著增大;未改良红层塑性较大,试样均为塑性鼓胀破坏,掺入石灰后,红层强度增大,脆性增强,呈脆性剪切破坏,经历干湿循环作用后,石灰改良红层试样呈多缝锥形破坏。     

上海人工冻结黏土单轴无侧限抗压强度试验研究

对3种不同含水率的上海冻结黏土进行了单轴无侧限抗压强度试验。通过对试验数据的分析可知,单轴抗压强度受温度、加载速率、含水率及干密度等因素影响;温度越低、加载速率越大,冻土强度越高。得到了抗压强度与温度的指数函数模型参数和抗压强度与加载速率的幂函数模型参数,建立了以温度、加载速率、含水率（干密度）为变量的强度模型方程。通过正交试验分析得出,各因素对冻土抗压强度的影响程度由大到小依次为温度、加载速率、含水率。     

Time effects on the unconfined compressive strength and sensitivity of a clay

Unconfined compression tests have been carried out on a highly plastic clay using three different strain rates: fast, medium and slow. Results of the t strength with increased strain rate for both the undisturbed and remoulded soil, although the increase was more pronounced in the undisturbed cases tha leading to an increase in sensitivity. It is therefore recommended that sensitivity be defined for a particular strain rate, or that an acceptable incr rate be defined for both undisturbed and remoulded soils.     

Variability of unconfined compressive strength in relation to number of test samples

Unconfined compressive strength is one of the most commonly used properties in rock engineering. Estimation or selection of an appropriate value of unconfined compressive strength for a given rock can be difficult as it can vary greatly within the same rock unit. Considering this large variability, unconfined compressive strength obtained by testing just a few samples is questionable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability of unconfined compressive strength for a given rock and, based on this information, determine the minimum number of samples required for obtaining a reliable value. Unconfined compressive strength values for approximately 50 NX-size (2.125 in./5.4 cm) core samples were determined for five different rock types. Statistical analyses were performed on subsets of cores to determine the minimum number of samples required to render a reliable estimate of the average strength of the entire set of cores. The results indicate that the minimum number of samples needed for strength determination depends on the statistical method used, the chosen confidence interval, and the acceptable deviation from the mean. For a 95% confidence interval and a 20% acceptable strength deviation from the mean, either 9 or 10 samples are needed to test for strength, depending on the statistical analysis used.     

Prediction of unconfined compressive strength of carbonate rocks using artificial neural networks

The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of intact rocks is an important geotechnical parameter for engineering applications. Determining UCS using standard laboratory tests is a difficult, expensive and time consuming task. This is particularly true for thinly bedded, highly fractured, foliated, highly porous and weak rocks. Consequently, prediction models become an attractive alternative for engineering geologists. The objective of study is to select the explanatory variables (predictors) from a subset of mineralogical and index properties of the samples, based on all possible regression technique, and to prepare a prediction model of UCS using artificial neural networks (ANN). As a result of all possible regression, the total porosity and P-wave velocity in the solid part of the sample were determined as the inputs for the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm based ANN (LM-ANN). The performance of the LM-ANN model was compared with the multiple linear regression (REG) model. When training and testing results of the outputs of the LM-ANN and REG models were examined in terms of the favorite statistical criteria, which are the determination coefficient, adjusted determination coefficient, root mean square error and variance account factor, the results of LM-ANN model were more accurate. In addition to these statistical criteria, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test, as an alternative to the Student’s t test, was used for comparing the homogeneities of predicted values. When all the statistics had been investigated, it was seen that the LM-ANN that has been developed, was a successful tool which was capable of UCS prediction.     

冻融循环条件下水泥固化铅污染土强度模型研究

以冻融循环条件下水泥固化铅污染土为研究对象,通过室内试验研究冻融条件下水泥固化铅污染土的抗压强度特性。试验结果表明：水泥固化铅污染土的强度随水泥掺量增大而增大,随冻融循环次数的增加先略微增加,达到峰值后,随冻融循环次数的增加而快速减小,最后趋于稳定。随着冻融循环次数的增加,不同铅离子浓度的固化铅污染土的强度损失量不同,并表现出在相同水泥掺量下,铅离子浓度为0.5%的固化污染土抗压强度损失量最小。通过回归分析,建立了水泥固化铅污染土强度随冻融循环次数变化的预测模型,为实际工程提供理论参考。     

Prediction of the unconfined compressive strength of compacted granular soils by using inference systems

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been extensively used to predict different soil properties in geotechnical applications. In this study, it was aimed to develop ANFIS and ANN models to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of compacted soils. For this purpose, 84 soil samples with different grain-size distribution compacted at optimum water content were subjected to the unconfined compressive tests to determine their UCS values. Many of the test results (for 64 samples) were used to train the ANFIS and the ANN models, and the rest of the experimental results (for 20 samples) were used to predict the UCS of compacted samples. To train these models, the clay content, fine silt content, coarse silt content, fine sand content, middle sand content, coarse sand content, and gravel content of the total soil mass were used as input data for these models. The UCS values of compacted soils were output data in these models. The ANFIS model results were compared with those of the ANN model and it was seen that the ANFIS model results were very encouraging. Consequently, the results of this study have important findings indicating reliable and simple prediction tools for the UCS of compacted soils.     

Determination of unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus of porous materials by indentation tests

The formation of a compacted zone under the indenter seems to be the major factor controlling the indentation process in porous rocks. In the case of very porous materials, where the pore structure fails and deformation (by structural collapse) proceeds with almost no increase in the applied load and with very limited damage to the surrounding material, no chipping is observed. The extent of the compacted zone is controlled by the porosity of the material and by the strength of its porous structure. This paper presents an interpretation model developed by the authors to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength of porous materials from the results of indentation tests. It is based on the model proposed by Wilson et al. (Int. J. Mech. Sci., 17, 1975, 457) for the interpretation of indentation tests on compressible foams and on an estimation by the authors of the extent of the compacted zone under the indenter. The results of indentation tests can also be used to obtain the Young's modulus of the material with a model proposed by Gill et al. (Proceedings of the 13th Canadian Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 1980, 1103). Uniaxial compression and indentation tests have been performed on artificial porous materials showing porosities varying between 44 and 68%. The uniaxial compressive strength values obtained from both types of test show a very good agreement. For the Young's modulus, the values obtained from the two types of test are different but the variation of the moduli with porosity is the same. Finally, a parameter called permanent penetration modulus is proposed as a means of characterizing the uniaxial compressive strength of porous materials.