金沙江虎跳峡水电站龙蟠坝区坝肩边坡的稳定性研究

论文从龙蟠地区的基本地质环境入手,分析了工程区的地貌地质特征,以此获取了客观的计算模型。在此基础上,对在现今应力场作用下工程坝肩边坡的稳定性采用了有限元模拟,并对模拟的结果进行分析,得出坝肩边坡在现今应力场作用下左岸岩体应力-形变处于明显卸荷状态,右岸滑坡体处于明显的应力松驰阶段,但总体来说坝肩边坡在天然状态下是处于稳定状态的;同时对右岸滑坡体采用不平衡推力法对各种工况条件下的稳定性进行计算,并对计算结果进行分析得出右岸滑坡体在各种工况条件下也是处于稳定状态的。      

基于实测变形的雾江滑坡体弹-黏塑性参数反馈

雾江滑坡位于涔天河水库扩建工程库首右岸的雾江峡谷进口段,下游边坡距大坝仅300余米,是一个典型的古滑坡,滑坡总体积为1 327×10~4 m~3,雾江滑坡稳定与否严重影响到大坝及泄水建筑物的运行与安全。首先分析了滑坡体实测位移;接着针对滑坡体处于缓慢蠕滑过程中,采用极限分析法,假定安全系数为1.0,反演了滑坡体的强度参数;然后选取滑坡体内部钻孔观测位移年蠕滑率,假定滑坡体满足莫尔-库仑屈服准则,由Perzyna假设计算黏塑性应变率,结合滑坡体典型剖面有限元模型,采用弹-黏塑性有限元计算程序进行滑坡体分析,将正交设计法和优化算法相结合,反演获得滑坡体和滑带的弹性模量和黏滞系数,为进行该滑坡堆积体的稳定变形分析和监控提供了依据,也可为同类工程参考。     

二滩水力发电厂滑坡整治设计

本文以探讨昔格达土体边坡的稳定及二滩电厂滑坡体的治理为目的,通过对滑坡体周围工程地质条件的勘察,分析形成滑坡的内因和外因,并以已经产生变形拉裂的边坡作为实例,说明二滩电厂滑坡的形成过程。最后根据滑坡的特征,通过宏观分析及定量计算,采取了挖孔抗滑桩、反压坡角、降低地下水位等综合治理措施,取得了良好的效果,可供类似工程参考。     

重庆市开-利公路学堂湾滑坡成因与稳定性分析

滑坡是现代公路、铁路等交通基建工程面临的一个难题。尤其是在重丘、山地等地段修筑公路工程极易出现滑坡地质灾害。这些滑坡的成因以及相关的边坡稳定性分析目前处于半理论、半经验状态。文章基于学堂湾滑坡的地理位置及地质环境条件,从滑坡区地质环境条件、滑坡周界、滑坡体与滑带的物质结构特征、滑床、滑坡变形破坏迹象等,深入分析了学堂湾滑坡的变形特征。在此基础上探讨了滑坡成因,指出大量的雨水和不合理的施工扰动是滑坡发育的外因;坡体本身的地质条件如岩石的裂隙、岩土体的透水性以及水的疏导条件等是其内因。文章将宏观定性分析与定量计算相结合,对滑坡稳定性进行了分析和评价。结合工程实际对滑坡治理措施进行了初步研究,取得了一些满意的效果。     

云南墨江县雅邑老乡镇府驻地滑坡成因分析及防治建议

近年来墨江县雅邑老乡政府驻地滑坡体活动迹象明显,已造成房屋变形开裂,对当地居民生产、生活造成了较大的影响。老乡政府与小学因灾被迫异地搬迁。现状滑坡活动较小,但受前缘箐沟侵蚀坡脚,滑坡体有进一步蠕动迹象。该地区不良地质环境条件及人类工程活动等因素,是滑坡体发生的主要原因。建议加强监测、实施一定的工程治理,同时合理规划,控制人类工程活动,以减少对滑坡体的扰动作用。     

库水位变化对观音坪滑坡稳定性影响的数值分析

为深入探究水库水位变化对滑坡稳定的影响,以西南地区某库岸滑坡为例,在探明滑坡工程地质条件和成因机制的基础上,通过建立三维数值模型来分析流固耦合作用下库水位变化对库岸滑坡稳定性及滑动模式的影响。通过数值计算,获得水库天然状态、初期蓄水、水位上升和下降条件下滑坡体内塑性区分布和x方向位移变化情况。结合数值计算结果和滑坡实际变形破坏规律综合分析库水位变化对库岸滑坡稳定性的影响。分析结果显示,水库初期蓄水造成滑坡体变形开裂,使坡体处于不稳定状态;水位上升对滑坡稳定性影响较小,水位下降后滑坡稳定性大幅降低,极可能发生失稳破坏;水库蓄水后坡体滑动模式由推移式向牵引式转变。     

河南省宝泉抽水蓄能电站龟山滑坡稳定性分析及防治措施

河南省宝泉抽水蓄能电站为国家级重要建设项目，位于河南省辉县市峪河上的宝泉水库一带，龟山滑坡为区内主要的巨型滑坡，直接危胁电站安全。文章阐述了龟山滑坡体的特征、地质条件，结合工程建设项目自身特点，从定性和定量两方面分析论述了滑坡体的稳定性和危险性，龟山滑坡体在天然状态下处于稳定状态，但在7度以上地震烈度条件下，滑坡体处于极限平衡或不稳定状态，龟山滑坡直接威胁工程安全，危害性较大。根据龟山滑坡特点，结合工程、地形、地层岩性等特点，提出了开挖卸载的防治措施，开挖卸载方式采取等高程从上而下逐层开挖方案。此防治措施既保证了龟山滑坡的稳定性，又提供了电站水库坝体的填筑料，是一个科学安全又经济的滑坡防治措施。     

第三系半成岩区滑坡变形特征及处治措施研究——以云南倘甸一公路滑坡为例

第三系地层受沉积环境和沉积时间影响,大多存在胶结差、岩性软、易崩解等不良工程地质特性,给工程建设带来严重病害。以云南倘甸2015年一处公路滑坡案例为研究对象,综合滑坡区地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造与地震、土力学试验所得的岩土力学参数以及水文地质条件等工程地质环境条件已有勘察成果,查明滑坡变形特征及成因,由此提出滑坡处治设计方案。结果表明：滑坡体平面空间呈馒头形状,为第三系含砾粉质黏土夹黏土岩地层构成的土质边坡,土层松散,力学强度低,极易产生滑坡。滑坡现状为边坡整体下滑变形,拱形格防护结构已完全破坏,坡体上发育有无数的张拉裂缝和鼓胀裂缝;由于滑坡地层松散,滑坡体上裂缝发育,滑坡体进一步失稳下滑的范围和规模将逐步扩大。归纳查明滑坡发生的基础条件是岩层性质和水文条件,诱发因素为人类工程活动。采取的处治措施主要针对第三系半成岩地层边坡防护设计,按照“排水优先、强腰固脚、放缓坡率、生态防护、旱季施工”的指导思路进行。     

水利及道路工程施工中边坡稳定问题及其滑坡治理方法

通过对水利及道路工程施工中岩（土）体滑坡形成的原因及危害性进行综合分析,阐述了滑坡体的分类及基本特征、岩（土）体的地质结构对边坡稳定性的影响,提出了边坡稳定性计算方法和人工边坡稳定坡度的参考数据,并根据以往施工经验及工程实例,着重介绍了对非稳定边坡进行滑坡治理所采用的一般处理方法。     

万源市阳坡滑坡稳定性评价及治理方案研究

对万源市阳坡滑坡的区域地质环境、工程地质特征作了介绍,阐述了滑坡体的工程地质特征、滑坡体物质组成、滑带土的物理力学性质,分析了影响滑坡的各种因素,并对该滑坡的稳定性进行了计算和评价。在此基础上结合保护对象特征,编制可行性研究治理方案,进一步细化滑坡治理工程。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.