双重曲柄活塞机构动力学分析

分析和研究了双重曲柄活塞机构的运动和受力情况,并与传统曲柄连杆机构相比较,提出了双重曲柄活塞机构具有运动传递稳定,振动较小,机械效率提高等优点。     

基于电动割胶机主结构的运动仿真与优化分析

【目的】为有效提取电动割胶机振动力学特征,提出了基于ADAMS软件的4GXJ-1型电动割胶机曲柄滑块机构虚拟模型的动力学仿真运动分析方法。【方法】应用ADAMS软件分析和验证了其主运动机构的设计缺陷,对该曲柄滑块机构的运动原理、运动副接触和配合方式、偏心件动不平衡等引起的电动割胶机振动原因进行了深入分析,找出了影响电动割胶机振动的主要因素,验证了运动副配合间隙对曲柄滑块机构的振动和受力变化有很大影响。【结论】完成了电动割胶机的结构优化设计,将曲柄滑块机构运动副改成线接触形式,通过结构对称设计使偏心轴的动不平衡量明显减小,使电动割胶机的整体性能得到较大提升。     

双驴头抽油机运动特性

根据双驴头抽油机变长四连杆机构的几何关系和运动特点,提出游梁的摆角迭代计算方法,得到游梁摆角变化规律以及悬点运动的位移、速度和加速度计算公式,给出双驴头悬点运动规律的通用计算方法.实例计算表明,该方法计算简单、适用性强,适用于后驴头为圆孤曲面的双驴头抽油机,对其他曲面双驴头抽油机运动特性研究也有参考意义.     

计算机辅助计算修正正前角成形铣刀的重磨角度

采用计算机辅助计算修正重磨前角，能解决正前角成形铣刀重磨后加工零件廓形误差大的问题。改变正前角成形铣刀只能用作粗加工的观念，可将正前角成形铣刀用于成形面的精加工。     

计算机辅助计算修正正前角成形铣刀的重磨角度

采用计算机辅助计算修正重磨前角，能解决正前角成形铣刀重磨后加工零件廓形误差大的问题，改变正前角成形铣刀只能用作粗加工的观念，可将正前角成形铣刀用于成形面的精加工。     

一种提高短基线测量精度的方法

提出一种提高短基线相对精度的测定方法。 试验表明，在测角误差影响等同或小于测距误差影响的情况下，该方法能使短基线的相对精度提高4~6倍。     

手纲冲角近似值的计算方法

在假设手纲、空纲成直线状，浮纲、沉纲呈悬链线状的前提下，利用悬链线各因素与手纲冲角之间的相互制约关系，确立了计算单船底拖网作业手纲冲角近似值的逐步校正法。并推广应用于双船底拖网作业中的曳纲水平冲角、空纲的水平冲角、上袖端的内倾率、上片网衣在沉纲前上方的遮盖面积以及遮盖率等的近似值计算。     

蜗杆凸轮间歇机构的设计及参数选择

用优化设计的观点，论述了蜗杆凸轮间歇（分度）运动机构的工作原理、参数与运动规律的选择、设计方法。     

铁炉坪银铅矿床银赋存状态及其选矿工艺探讨

采用人工重砂、光薄片、Ｘ粉晶衍射、扫描电镜及电子探针等综合方法，查明铁炉坪银铅矿床中的独立银矿物有银黝铜矿、自然银、辉银矿、硫铜银矿、硫锑银矿、硫锑铜银矿和溴氯角银矿等７种。在原生矿石中，银黝铜矿为主要银矿物，并以包裹体形式分布在方铅矿之中；在氧化矿石中，辉银矿、自然银、溴氯角银矿等均占一定比例。矿石中的银主要赋存在独立银矿物之中。银矿物粒度细小，形态复杂，选矿时宜采用浮选法或浮选—重选联合流程。对氧化矿石也可采用先硫化、然后浮选的流程     

岩质边坡平面滑动锚固方向角的三维优化方法

以岩质边坡中常见的平面滑动为研究对象,研究其最优锚固方向角的计算方法。将锚索自由段单位长度能提供的最大抗滑增量作为目标控制变量,将坡面和滑动面特征参数与锚索设计参数作为优化控制自变量,通过坐标系转换得到的线性方程组对锚索的预拉力进行分解,并根据锚索支护时的三维模型建立了锚索自由段长度的优化公式,进而推导了用于锚固方向角三维优化的新计算方程。在该方程的基础上借助MATLAB软件中的fmincon函数对锚索加固方向不受限制时的锚固方向角进行了优化。最后通过锚固方向角敏感性分析与工程实例分析相结合,证明了推荐的最优锚固方向角计算方法的有效性与先进性。新方法有效地解决了边坡坡面与滑动面走向存在夹角时最优锚固方向角的求解问题,可进一步提高锚索的锚固效益,降低边坡的支护费用。      

基于Stewart的工程机械虚拟实训座椅平台设计

为增强工程机械虚拟实训沉浸效果,设计一套六自由度座椅平台。该平台以Stewart六自由度机构为基础,包括并联运动机构、液压泵站和PLC控制系统。由工程机械驾驶特点确定运动平台位姿参数,与MATLAB建立的上位机软件进行数据交互;经过运动学反解计算各根液压缸杆长变化值,PLC控制器对指令处理并发送命令来控制电液比例阀流量,驱动6根并联的液压缸伸缩,从而使运动平台呈现不同的位置姿态。基于上述原理,搭建实物平台并依据驾驶特点进行测试。结果表明,该平台可以模拟工程机械的在不同工况下的姿态,提高虚拟实训人员的沉浸感。      

基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算

现有研究在缺少公交车运营信息的情况下,利用公交线间正交换乘信息的方法来识别公交车持卡乘客的上车站点,但在实际运用中很多班次无正交换乘的乘客,容易导致公交乘客上车站点匹配困难。因此,本文提出了一种基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算方法,该方法充分利用IC卡数据中的综合换乘信息（公交线间的正交和非正交换乘信息、地铁和公交线间的换乘信息）与公交网数据确定班次行驶方向,对班次内的乘客进行分组,充分利用综合换乘信息确定基准组及其对应的上车站点;然后,通过最小偏差规则匹配待定组的上车站点,实现公交乘客上车站点的推估。利用换乘信息确定班次行驶方向弥补了现有研究无法确定班次行驶方向的不足,使公交乘客上车站点推算方法更科学;最后,基于2011年8月的“深圳通”IC卡数据进行实例分析,对比只利用正交换乘信息确定的基准组数量和利用综合换乘信息确定的基准组数量,结果表明：该方法可使确定上车站点的组数占总组数的比值提高,克服了只利用正交换乘信息推算上车站点方法中存在的单个班次无基准组从而无法进行站点匹配的困难。本文方法比只利用正交换乘信息匹配站点,具有更高的可行性与准确率。     

数据库驱动程序设计初探

对用数据库驱动的程序设计方法进行了讨论，该方法使程序简化、易扩充     

基于航向角变化的趋势集合轨迹特征划分算法

在GPS或网络信号受到干扰或遮蔽时,导航精度和自主性会大大降低,组合导航技术能弥补这一缺陷。针对组合导航匹配实时、快速和准确的应用需求,本文提出一种具有实时性、高准确性的基于航向角变化的趋势集合特征划分算法。该算法通过计算轨迹点的航向角变化量,对趋势确定集合和趋势待定集合的趋势状态进行赋值,能有效地划分出轨迹上各段的特征点集合。算法还对由外界因素（如超车、紧急避让和驾驶员不同驾驶习惯等）引起的无效特征情况,进行趋势集合状态的分析和判断,以保证特征划分的准确性。本文以北京西五环地区的车辆轨迹数据为例,进行了实地跑车实验表明,基于航向角的趋势集合特征划分算法,在实时性和提取效果方面,具有明显的优势,算法简单可行、高效、可操作性强。     

Improved plane layout of stabilizing piles based on the piecewise function expression of the irregular driving force

The paper presents an improved plane layout for stabilizing piles based on a proposed piecewise function expression for the irregular driving force. Based on the specific morphological characteristics of a highway landslide, the piecewise function is used to calculate the irregular driving force by dividing the landslide into several sub-areas. Furthermore, the reasonable layout range and pile spacing can be obtained based on the piecewise function expression of the irregular driving force and on relevant research results of the plane layout for stabilizing piles. Therefore, an improved plane layout of stabilizing piles is presented in consideration of a piecewise function expression of the irregular driving force. A highway landslide located in eastern Guizhou Province, China, is analyzed as a case study using the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the theory presented in this paper provides improved economic benefits and can reduce the required number of stabilizing piles by 28.6% compared with the conventional plane layout scheme.     

Driving forces and their effects on water conservation services in forest ecosystems in China

Identifying the driving forces that cause changes in forest ecosystem services related to water conservation is essential for the design of interventions that could enhance positive impacts as well as minimizing negative impacts. In this study, we propose an assessment concept framework model for indirect-direct-ecosystem service (IN-DI-ESS) driving forces within this context and method for index construction that considers the selection of a robust and parsimonious variable set. Factor analysis was integrated into two-stage data envelopment analysis (TS-DEA) to determine the driving forces and their effects on water conservation services in forest ecosystems at the provincial scale in China. The results showed the following. 1) Ten indicators with factor scores more than 0.8 were selected as the minimum data set. Four indicators comprising population density, per capita gross domestic product, irrigation efficiency, and per capita food consumption were the indirect driving factors, and six indicators comprising precipitation, farmland into forestry or pasture, forest cover, habitat area, water footprint, and wood extraction were the direct driving forces. 2) Spearman’s rank correlation test was performed to compare the overall effectiveness in two periods: stage 1 and stage 2. The calculated coefficients were 0.245, 0.136, and 0.579, respectively, whereas the tabulated value was 0.562. This indicates that the driving forces obviously differed in terms of their contribution to the overall effectiveness and they caused changes in water conservation services in different stages. In terms of the variations in different driving force effects in the years 2000 and 2010, the overall, stage 1, and stage 2 variances were 0.020, 0.065, and 0.079 in 2000, respectively, and 0.018, 0.063, and 0.071 in 2010. This also indicates that heterogeneous driving force effects were obvious in the process during the same period. Identifying the driving forces that affect service changes and evaluating their efficiency have significant policy implications for the management of forest ecosystem services. Advanced effectiveness measures for weak regions could be improved in an appropriate manner. In this study, we showed that factor analysis coupled with TS-DEA based on the IN-DI-ESS framework can increase the parsimony of driving force indicators, as well as interpreting the interactions among indirect and direct driving forces with forest ecosystem water conservation services, and reducing the uncertainty related to the internal consistency during data selection.     

Inter-provincial Differences in Rice Multi-cropping Changes in Main Double-cropping Rice Area in China: Evidence from Provinces and Households

Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropriate policies that provide appropriate subsidies for early rice in rapidly-declining marginal zone such as Zhejiang and Hubei should be implemented. In addition, agricultural mechanization and the number of agricultural workers have facilitated double-cropping; therefore, small machinery and agricultural infrastructure construction should be further supported.     

基于WiFi/PDR的室内定位初始位置融合解算方法研究

提出基于WiFi/PDR的初始位置融合解算方法。以检测到步数后0.2 s内WiFi定位坐标为集合,将PDR中估算的相邻两步距离和航向角作为参照,通过距离阈值和角度阈值筛选相邻两步WiFi定位坐标,以距离和角度综合偏离度选择最优定位坐标。结果表明,该方法解算的初始位置精度为1.2～1.8 m,比WiFi指纹定位误差缩小50%。     

地热驱动力: 广东阳江新洲地热田驱动地热水运移的一种额外非重力作用的分析方法

Tóth总结提出的"嵌套式多级次水流系统"，和张人权等学者归纳总结的重力驱动地下水流系统理论，是地下水运移的重要理论基础。地下水的流动可能受到重力势、压实势、构造挤压力共同作用。然而，在对流型水热系统中发现了地下水补给区位置低于排泄区的反常现象。由于温度升高导致地热水密度减小和压力增大，使得地热水的实际压力水头增大，是出现这种反常现象的物理基础。笔者定义这种额外增大的压力水头为"地热驱动力"，分析其大小与地热水温度、盐度、黏滞度的关系并给出量化计算方法。在广东阳江新洲地热田的研究实例中，地热驱动力的启动点位于地热水循环的最深处4.34 km，该处由温度升高产生的地热驱动力的标准水头为+351.59 m，由盐度增加产生的地热驱动力的标准水头为-2.78 m，总的地热驱动力的标准水头为+348.81 m。地热水温度越高，地热驱动力越大；盐度越大，地热驱动力越小。地热驱动力的额外加持作用可以加快水热系统中地下水的循环。