首次国家海洋督察正式启动

<正>按照国务院批准同意的《海洋督察方案》,国家海洋局组建的第一批国家海洋督察组于8月22日进驻辽宁、海南,拉开了我国首次海洋督察的序幕。此次国家海洋督察将以围填海专项督察为重点,重点查摆、解决围填海管理方面存在的"失序、失度、失衡"等问题。据悉,第一批国家海洋督察组共分6个督察组,进驻辽宁、海南后,将于近日陆续进驻河北、江苏、福建、广西,     

欧洲绝对重力仪比对观测(ECGS'07)

介绍了2007年11月在欧洲卢森堡Walferdange举办的第二次绝对重力比对观测的概况及结果.有20台绝对重力仪参加了比对观测,在ECGS共15个测点上的比测结果标准偏差小于2.1×10~(-8)m·s~(-2).文章简述了数据处理方法以及结果分析,中国地震局地震研究所引进的FG5/232绝对重力仪参加了本次比对,为在中国大陆建立绝对重力基准提供了重要经验.     

新技术观测板块的漂移——监测地震活动的可能手段

本文较详地介绍了观测板块漂移的最新技术,包括卫星激光测距、长基线干涉技术及在实际应用中所取得的测量结果和展望。文章还介绍了其它新技术,如,与SLR原理相类似的月球激光测距和最有前途的全球定位系统。利用这些技术有可能与全球地震活动进行相关性的研究,可望为监测地震开辟一条新的途径。     

欧洲绝对重力仪比对观测（ECGS′07）

介绍了2007年11月在欧洲卢森堡Walferdange举办的第二次绝对重力比对观测的概况及结果.有20台绝对重力仪参加了比对观测,在ECGS共15个测点上的比测结果标准偏差小于2.1×10^-8m·s^-2.文章简述了数据处理方法以及结果分析,中国地震局地震研究所引进的FG5/232绝对重力仪参加了本次比对,为在中国大陆建立绝对重力基准提供了重要经验.     

81型哨声定向观测系统及其观测结果

本文系统地叙述了哨声定向观测的原理、观测设备和观测结果。我们于1982年3月11日在北京怀柔成功地实现了群哨的定向观测,平均入射角为13°,方位角为32°,平均场强为270微伏/米。     

81型哨声定向观测系统及其观测结果

本文系统地叙述了哨声定向观测的原理、观测设备和观测结果。我们于1982年3月11日在北京怀柔成功地实现了群哨的定向观测,平均入射角为13°,方位角为32°,平均场强为270微伏/米。     

宾川地震信号发射台的震源系统、观测系统和观测结果

概括总结了宾川地震信号发射台及所处区域地球物理观测的基本情况,重点介绍了宾川地震信号发射台观测系统的构成以及气枪震源在水库、井中激发的特性和信号的传播距离。对发射台建成以来所开展的工作、取得的观测实验研究结果以及遇到的问题进行了总结和探讨。结合项目的目标提出了今后一段时间主要应开展的研究工作。     

The Kings River Experimental Watersheds: Infrastructure and data

The Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW) were established in 2002 to expand our knowledge of catchment physical, chemical, and biological processes in Sierra Nevada headwater forests, and to better understand the impacts of prescribed burning and forest thinning on these processes. Two elevation strata (high and low) were selected for the KREW sites, with four independent catchments and one nested catchment within each stratum. Both high and low elevation study areas were instrumented for continuous measurements of meteorology, streamflow, and turbidity. Atmospheric and stream chemistry, suspended sediment concentration, and bedload sediment delivery were measured on a regular schedule. Soil chemical and physical properties and vegetation were systematically sampled before and after the initial thinning and prescribed burning treatments, which were implemented between 2012 and 2016. Post-treatment data collection continues today as we explore opportunities for the second round of possible treatments. The critical research infrastructure and long-term baseline data collection has been instrumental in building partnerships with downstream managers, end users, non-governmental organizations, academic researchers, and national research programmes. Contributions to date include fundamental understanding of magnitude and variability of nutrient deposition; carbon, nutrient, and major ion dynamics in headwater streams; aquatic algae and macroinvertebrate populations; vegetation composition and structure; and streamflow responses to precipitation in the two elevation strata. Data from the experimental watersheds also support calibration and validation of diverse hydrologic models used for water resources planning.     

Geoscience knowledge graph in the big data era

Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the geoscience research has been entering a significant transitional period with the establishment of a new knowledge system as the core and with the drive of big data as the means. It is a revolutionary leap in the research of geoscience knowledge discovery from the traditional encyclopedic discipline knowledge system to the computer-understandable and operable knowledge graph. Based on adopting the graph pattern of general knowledge representation, the geoscience knowledge graph expands the unique spatiotemporal features to the Geoscience knowledge, and integrates geoscience knowledge elements, such as map, text, and number, to establish an all-domain geoscience knowledge representation model. A federated, crowd intelligence-based collaborative method of constructing the geoscience knowledge graph is developed here, which realizes the construction of high-quality professional knowledge graph in collaboration with global geo-scientists. We also develop a method for constructing a dynamic knowledge graph of multi-modal geoscience data based on in-depth text analysis, which extracts geoscience knowledge from massive geoscience literature to construct the latest and most complete dynamic geoscience knowledge graph. A comprehensive and systematic geoscience knowledge graph can not only deepen the existing geoscience big data analysis, but also advance the construction of the high-precision geological time scale driven by big data, the compilation of intelligent maps driven by rules and data, and the geoscience knowledge evolution and reasoning analysis, among others. It will further expand the new directions of geoscience research driven by both data and knowledge, break new ground where geoscience, information science, and data science converge, realize the original innovation of the geoscience research and achieve major theoretical breakthroughs in the spatiotemporal big data research.     

大数据时代的地球动力学数值计算方法回顾与展望

随着大数据时代的到来,计算地球动力学数值计算方法体系更加完善.本文系统地回顾了传统数值模拟方法在计算地球动力学领域的应用进展,包括:有限差分法、有限单元法、谱方法和谱元法;并对近年来一些新发展的算法和应用前景进行了综述,如:不连续Galerkin法、小波方法和格子玻尔兹曼方法等.本综述有助于读者以整体视角了解地球动力学数值计算方法的发展脉络,并对大数据时代下研究适应日益丰富的数据和新算法提供有益参考.     

Application of HPC and big data in post-pandemic times

We lay out the ramifications of the 2020 pandemic for all people in geosciences, especially the young, and argue for significant changes on training and career development. We focus primarily on its devastating impact in USA and compare with that in other countries especially China. We review the potential effect for the next four years or so on the aspirations of an academic career versus more realistic career goals. We urge people in mid-career about the need to reassess previous goals. We stress the need for students or researchers to acquire technical skills in high-performance computing (HPC), data analytics, artificial intelligence, and/or visualization along with a broad set of technical skills in applied computer science and mathematics. We give advice about hot prospects in several areas that have great potential for advancement in the coming decade, such as visualization, deep learning, quantum computing and information, and cloud computing, all of which lie within the aegis of HPC. Our forecast is that the pandemic will significantly reshape the job landscape and career paths for both young and established researchers and we discuss bluntly the dire situation facing junior people in geosciences in the aftermath of the pandemic around the world until 2024.     

基于大数据技术的地震数据处理新思路

现代地震观测积累了大量、种类繁多的地震前兆数据和震后数据,但数据中隐含的地震规律及趋势无法用经典的算例、数学公式、物理公式进行定量解释、分析和预测,需要探索新方法、新技术。案例表明,大数据分析具有预测事物发展趋势、改变传统观念和发现新事物的功能,有助于从错误信息中挖掘有价值信息。本文由此提出基于大数据技术处理地震数据的新思路,对地震监测预报新思路进行探索;通过在大数据平台上基于地震目录的余震预测研究,给出大数据技术在地震数据处理方面的一个应用实例,验证该思路的可行性。     

Independence of the gravitational constant from gross Earth data

Determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant G from free oscillation and travel-time data for a spherically symmetric non-rotating Earth is shown to be inherently impossible as long as G is spatially constant. Since Earth densities are normalised by the laboratory value of G, one consequence is that the accuracy of the density and elastic parameters derived from inversion of such data is limited to the accuracy of G. Another is the derivation of closer geophysical limits on any intermediate range variation of G than previously reported. Although these limits are not reliable if G changes in the 10–1000 km range, a significant variation of G in this range should be detectable from free oscillation and travel-time inversions.     

Volcanic ash: A primary agent in the Earth system

Volcanic ash, a ubiquitous product of eruptions can have an impact that is local, regional and/or global, depending on the style and intensity of both the eruption and the subsequent interactions with the Earth system. Here, we review some of the complexities of these important interactions, which combine to determine the role of volcanic ash as an important agent on our planet.     

True polar wander in the Earth system

True polar wander(TPW), or planetary reorientation, is the rotation of solid Earth(crust and mantle) about the liquid outer core in order to stabilize Earth’s rotation due to mass redistribution. Although TPW is well-documented on Earth presently with satellites and for multiple planets and moons in the Solar System, the prevalence of TPW in Earth history remains contentious. Despite a history of controversy, both the physical plausibility of TPWon Earth and an empirical basis for it are now und...     

Mass distribution and mass transport in the Earth system

Melting of continental ice sheets and glaciers, changes in ocean circulation pattern and in sea level, variations of surface and ground water levels and river discharge, glacial-isostatic adjustment, mantle convection and tectonics, all this causes transport and (re-) distribution of mass inside the Earth and at its surface. Equipped with precise sensor systems, gravity field and altimeter satellites observe these mass-transport processes. During 2006–2012, the German Research Association DFG had established the SPP 1257, ‘Mass distribution and Mass Transport in the Earth System’ as a coordinated research programme to facilitate integrated analysis of these data, to improve our knowledge about several transport processes within the Earth system and to investigate their interactions. This special issue reports about the findings of the first 4 years within the programme.     

基于区域测井大数据和实验资料的储层流动单元渗透率建模方法

渗透率是反映储层渗流特性的参数,其对研究油气运移及油气田勘探开发具有重要意义.目前渗透率计算模型大多精度较低,主要原因是储层纵横向的非均质性和孔隙结构的巨大差异,且现有计算模型适用范围小,应用资料种类单一,不能综合反映区域特征.本文以西湖凹陷3个区带7个构造29 口探井的测井资料和岩石物理实验分析资料为研究基础,应用1...