2015年全球地震灾害概要

根据2015年全球地震灾害资料,总结了2015年全球地震灾害数据,对本年度的主要地震灾害进行了描述,分析了本年度重大灾害地震的灾害损失特征。地震造成古迹损毁应引起足够的重视,并采取相应措施。同时,对比本年度震级最大两次地震人员伤亡差异的原因,发现抗震设防建筑和民众较强的防灾避灾意识,能够在地震中有效地减少财产损失以及人员伤亡。     

2013年全球地震灾害概要

2013年国内外地震灾害资料表明,本年度属于人员伤亡人数的轻灾年。同时,设防建筑在地震中受损较小,能够有效地减少财产损失和人员伤亡;而非设防建筑则会在地震中造成不可估量的损失。     

2021年全球地震灾害概要

利用多渠道收集到的地震灾害资料,对2021年全球地震活动及地震灾害进行了整理,绘制了21世纪前20年全球灾害地震频度与伤亡情况变化曲线及2021年灾害地震分布图,汇总了造成人员伤亡的地震信息及灾害情况,对重大地震灾害做了详细分析,并总结了2021年全球地震灾害的主要特征。与往年地震情况相比,2021年全球地震活动性较强,尤其8级以上强震发生频次大幅增加;2021年地震灾害造成的伤亡有所增加,且灾害地震呈现频度高、伤亡集中、次生灾害频发等特征。针对地震频度高、伤亡原因突出的情况,本文提出了相应的地震灾害预防措施及建议, 强调未来地震防御工作至关重要。      

2019年全球地震灾害概要

利用多方收集到的地震灾害资料,对2019年全球地震活动性及地震灾害进行了整理,绘制了全球灾害地震分布图,描述了造成人员伤亡的地震信息及灾害情况,对重大地震灾害事件进行了详细描述与分析,并总结了2019年地震灾害的主要特征。2019年全球地震与往年相比,其活动性较弱,且强震的发生率大大降低;2019年地震灾害造成的伤亡较小、但灾害呈现频度高、范围广等特征,针对此情况,提出了相应的地震灾害预防措施及建议,强调了未来的地震监测防御工作仍然任重道远。      

2020年全球地震灾害概要

利用多方收集到的地震灾害资料,对2020年全球地震活动及地震灾害进行了整理,绘制了近20年全球灾害地震频度与伤亡情况变化曲线及2020年灾害地震分布图,描述了造成人员伤亡的地震信息及灾害情况,对重大地震灾害事件做了详细分析,并总结了2020年地震灾害的主要特征.与往年全球地震相比,2020年全球地震活动性较弱,6级以上...     

2014年全球地震灾害概要

根据2014年全球地震灾害资料并对比历年统计数据可知,当年度属于地震造成人员伤亡的轻灾年。本文总结了2014年全球地震灾害的主要数据,对当年主要地震灾害进行了描述,发现抗震设防建筑在地震中受损较小,提高房屋的抗震能力能够有效地减少财产损失以及人员伤亡。同时,本文分析了2014年度地震灾害的分布特征,以及多震地区的"活跃性"与"周期性"特征。     

我国电力系统地震灾害损失基本特征分析

基于1997—2017年中国大陆247次地震灾害资料,统计了电力系统在97次地震中遭受的灾害损失情况,并分析了其在不同震级地震中的灾害经济损失情况及特点。结果表明:①电力系统平均每年遭受4.6次地震灾害;②灾害性地震造成电力系统成灾占比随震级增高而增大,M<5.0、5.0≤M<5.9、6.0≤M<6.9、M≥7.0地震成灾占比分别为13.6%,38.9%,56.2%和62.5%,平均为38.5%;③电力系统地震灾害损失随地震震级增大而增大,但二者之间并非简单的线性关系;④电力系统地震灾害主要分布在我国云南、四川、新疆、甘肃等中国西部地区。     

2022年地震灾害特点及主要地震应急处置概述

收集整理2022年全球6级以上、中国5级以上地震目录、人员伤亡数据、建筑和生命线工程破坏情况。同近十年地震灾害数据对比,分析本年度全球地震活动性和国内外地震灾害特点,并对灾害成因进行初步分析。结合典型地震灾害事件应急处置情况概述,总结地震灾害防范应对取得的成果以及面临的挑战。     

2020年国外地震灾害及其影响综述

基于中国地震台网中心、美国地质勘探局（USGS）、相关新闻报道及EM-DAT （OFDA/CRED）国际灾害数据库等不同信息源给出的数据,提取全球2020年地震灾害的相关信息,对2020年国外地震活动情况进行汇总,并对主要受灾国家的地震灾害及其影响和国外地震灾害损失特点进行概括与阐述,为后续国际地震动态分析、地震灾害研究、应急救援探索等提供基础资料。     

全球地震灾害发展趋势综述

基于EM-DAT（OFDA/CRED）国际灾害数据库及美国地质勘探局（USGS）给出的数据,提取全球1970—2018年干旱、地震、极端温度、极端气候、洪水、滑坡、火山活动、火灾和块体运动9种自然灾害的相关数据,并进行综合分析,着重分析死亡人数和经济损失。分析结果表明,21世纪以来地震灾害造成的损失最大。此外,2000—2017年全球重大地震尤其是9次特大地震的分析结果显示,可有效减轻地震灾害损失的措施至少包括建立地震预警机制、建设韧性城乡、建立完善的风险排查机制。     

Summary of Global Earthquake Disasters in 2018

According to global seismic hazards data in 2018, the paper summarizes major hazards data of the global earthquakes, describes the major seismic hazards, and analyzes the characteristics of disasters losses of hazard earthquakes in this year. Focusing on the disaster and the cause of the September 28, 2018, Indonesia earthquake, and listing the major earthquakes triggered the tsunami disasters in history. Finally, giving suggestions and measures to deal with the earthquake disasters effectively.     

Seismic Hazard Matrix of Buildings in Yunnan

Seismologists have begun to investigate the earthquake damage and assess the economic losses on the spot in the Yunnan area since the earthquakes with Ms6.7 and Ms6.9 that occurred on the boundary between China and Myanmar west of Menglian county, Yunnan Province, on April 23, 1992. From 1992 to 2003, 50 destructive earthquakes occurred in Yunnan, and large amounts of data on seismic hazard have been accumulated. With focus on the major building structures, the paper makes statistical analysis on the earthquake damage ratio, loss ratio and seismic hazard index in the areas with different seismic intensity of the 50 events, and presents the seismic hazard matrix of buildings for the Yunnan area.     

2023年7—9月全球地震活动述评

根据近三年以来全球5.0级以上地震数据,以季度为单位进行统计分析,汇总不同季度地震灾害造成的人员伤亡损失情况。重点对2023年7—9月发生的造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失的5.0级以上地震开展数据搜集、归纳整理和统计分析。通过对重大地震灾害及其伤亡情况进行分析,对比和总结近三年来同季度地震灾害活动情况,提出地震灾害应急避险及预防措施的重要性。     

Building vulnerability and seismic risk analysis in the urban area of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy)

The tectonic system of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) is the source of most of the strongest earthquakes occurring in the area over the last 205 years. A total of 12 events with epicentre intensities ≥VIII EMS have occurred at Mt. Etna, 10 of which were located on the eastern flank. This indicates a mean recurrence time of about 20 years. This area is highly urbanised, with many villages around the volcano at altitudes up to 700 m a.s.l. The southern and eastern flanks are particularly highly populated areas, with numerous villages very close to each other. The probabilistic seismic hazard due to local faults for Mt. Etna was calculated by adopting a site approach to seismic hazard assessment. Only the site histories of local volcano-tectonic earthquakes were considered, leaving out the effects due to strong regional earthquakes that occurred in north-eastern and south-eastern Sicily. The inventory used in this application refers to residential buildings. These data were extracted from the 1991 census of the Italian National Institute of Statistics, and are grouped according to the census sections. The seismic vulnerability of the elements at risk belonging to a given building typology is described by a vulnerability index, in accordance with a damage model based on macroseismic intensities. For the estimation of economic losses due to physical damage to buildings, an integrated impact indicator was used, which is equivalent to the lost building volume. The expected annualised economic earthquake losses were evaluated both in absolute and in relative terms, and were compared with the geographical distribution of seismic hazard and with similar evaluations of losses for other regions.     

基于复杂网络的建筑物强震下抗毁性估计模型

城市所处的地震危险性环境和城市建筑物的易损性是影响复杂网络建筑物强震环境下抗毁能力的关键因素。由于现阶段对建筑物抗震抗毁能力的评定仍存在一定困难,对建筑物震害程度测评只能通过强震之后建筑物受破坏的程度进行评估,且评估结果不够精准,因此提出基于复杂网络的建筑物抗震能力的评估方法。考虑到地震中的危险性因素,以地面峰值加速度为参数对强震环境下复杂网络建筑物抗毁性进行测评和分析,在此基础上提出对复杂网络下建筑物的防震抗毁能力进行评估的相对建筑物抗震性能指数,并结合建筑物抗震能力评估标准确定其抗震能力水平;再进行仿真实验加以测量,并结合震害经验,证实该方法的有效性。     

A unified framework for earthquake risk assessment of transportation networks and gross regional product

Natural threats like earthquakes, hurricanes or tsunamis have had serious impacts on communities. In the past, major earthquakes in the United States like Loma Prieta 1989, Northridge 1994, or recent events in Italy like L’Aquila 2009 or Emilia 2012 emphasized the importance of preparedness and awareness to reduce social impacts. In addition to that, earthquake damaged businesses dramatically reduced the gross regional product. Generating scenario earthquakes in a proper way is important to suitably assess the risk in bridge networks and social losses in terms of gross regional product reduction. Seismic hazard is traditionally assessed by means of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Although PSHA well represents the hazard at a specific location it is not suitable for spatially distributed systems. Scenario earthquakes can overcome this problem; they represent the actual distribution of ground shaking for a spatially distributed system while being hazard consistent. In this work a methodology to generate scenario earthquakes has been proposed using a novel approach with the aim of being the basic step for investigating possible earthquake consequences in seismic areas and contributing to reduce losses.     

Research on performance-based seismic design criteria

IntroductionAt present, the proper design and construction of buildings for earthquake-resistance is the most effective measure to mitigate the earthquake damage. In a broad sense, the earthquake resistance design should include the following seven contents:1) Determining the seismic design criteria Determining the seismic design goals3) Determining the seismic design parameters (intensity or ground motion) and their numerical values4) Determining the category of importance for buildings and …     

新疆天山地震灾害的初步分析

利用新疆天山地区丰富的地震资料，通过天山地区灾害性地震的空间分布、历史地震烈度分布、地震地表破坏特征、地震灾害损失论述了新疆天山地震灾害特征，分析了灾害成因。     

Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components:The next frontier of earthquake engineering

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore,considering recent trends in earthquake engineering,the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components,drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.     

Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components: The next frontier of earthquake engineering

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering, harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event, failure of architectural, mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover, nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities, such as hospitals, following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore, it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes, losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore, the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings, or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems, there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse, and the available codes and guidelines are usually, for the most part, based on past experiences, engineering judgment and intuition, rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often, design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components, identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore, considering recent trends in earthquake engineering, the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components, drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.