基于RS/GIS和AHP-GPCA模型的青藏高原生态环境变迁综合评价

运用层次分析和全局主成分分析结合的综合统计评价模型(AHP-GPCA模型),以县域和流域为评价单元,以气温、降水、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)、冰川密度、湿地密度、湖泊率、人口密度、荒漠化率等数据为评价指标基础,基于GS/GIS对20世纪70年代末期至2000年青藏高原生态环境变迁进行综合评价,并探讨了研究区生态环境...     

基于层次分析法的某中层滑坡危险性分析

文章在分析广东省信宜市白石镇境内某一中层滑坡产生的原因基础上,建立了基于层次分析法(AHP)的滑坡危险性综合评价模型及其判断矩阵,从而确定了各影响因素的权重,再通过建立综合评价数学模型计算得到该滑坡的危险性指数值,其评价结果与实际情况(传统稳定性系数法)基本吻合,说明层次分析法具有一定的有效性、合理性,可为当地滑坡灾害危险性区划、气象预警及防治区划提供基础数据。     

四川省小麦条锈病春季流行的农业气候风险区划

针对当前从气象风险角度开展小麦条锈病与气象关系研究甚少的状况,从农业气象灾害风险分析理论出发,采用相关分析、层次分析和极差正规化等方法,建立了包含气候条件和寄主存在数量两个环境因子的四川省小麦条锈病春季流行农业气候风险模型,并划分了高、中、低风险等级的指标.在此基础上,利用GIS技术对四川省小麦条锈病春季流行的农业气候风险进行了区划.结果表明,四川省的川西高原地区、川西南山地和盆地西南部是小麦条锈病春季流行低风险区,盆地大部地区是中、高风险的集中区.区划结果为进一步做好四川省小麦条锈病的分区预报和综合防治方面提供科学依据.     

基于SPSS和GIS的BP神经网络农用地适宜性评价

以中原城市群为研究区,在应用GIS基础上运用SPSS软件进行主成分分析,根据因子贡献率提取主导性强的综合因
子,利用提取的主导因子进行系统聚类选择典型样本;依据因子的贡献率调整BP神经网络初始权值,建立评价模型,进行农用地
适宜性评价方法的探讨。通过检验,改变初始权值建立的BP模型预测合格率为50%,相对误差最大值为18.9%;为了进一步改
进BP网络,把第一次调整权值训练得到的网络权值作为下一次建模的初始权值,训练得到的BP模型预测合格率为100%,相对
误差最大值为9.5%。其后运用层次分析法、主成分聚类法作为对照,验证了这种BP模型在农用地适宜性评价中的可靠性与精确
性。最后根据所建立的BP模型预测获得中原城市群农用地适宜性分区图,各土地类型适宜性从西往东呈现由低到高的分带性,
其中高度适宜区占总面积的32.4%;中度适宜、勉强适宜、不适宜区分别占总面积的28.9%、22.1%、16.6%。      

人口区划及其在人口空间化中的GIS分析应用——以山东省为例

对基于土地利用/土地覆盖类型的人口空间化方法,进行人口区划的GIS分析应用是一有效技术途径。本文在全国一级区划基础上,通过数理统计分析提取二级区划各影响因子,建立二级区划指标,进而利用空间分析技术进行人口空间化的二级分区。同时以农村居民地、城镇居民地和耕地数据建立人口空间化模型,在GIS的支持下实现山东省2000年人口统计数据空间化。并通过对比基于一级人口区划和二级人口区划的人口空间化数据,选取郯城县进行结果精度检验。验证结果表明二级人口区划后的人口空间化数据在数值精度和空间精度上都有明显提高。     

基于GIS的地质灾害易发区划分与评价研究

分析了地质灾害形成条件、诱发因素,将灾点分布密度、斜坡坡度、斜坡坡型、斜坡坡高、河流冲刷、岩土体条件、人类活动等七个因素作为地质灾害易发程度评价指标,利用层次分析法计算出各评价因子的权重。基于GIS将评价因子进行量化,得到了各评价指标归一化图,根据各评价指标的权重,利用空间叠置分析功能将所有评价指标进行叠加分析计算,得到地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区的分级结果。分级结果极大地方便了地方政府相关部门防灾减灾工作,为地质灾害防治提供了决策依据。     

信息融合技术在神府-东胜地区环境评价中的应用

本文简要介绍了遥感和地理信息系统在神府-东胜地区环境综合评价中的应用方法。针对这一地区的环境特点 ,形成了以遥感信息为基础的环境综合评价体系 ,体系包括环境压力负荷、环境问题、环境潜力三个方面的十个因子。运用层次分析法结合专家知识 ,实现了全部因子的权重排序。以 GIS为技术支撑 ,对各专题进行了时空变化分析 ,建立环境质量综合评价模型。详细客观地评价了该区的环境质量情况。     

四川省若尔盖县生态环境质量评价

本文以2007、2009和2012年的5月和9月共6个时期的遥感影像,基于栅格数据和综合评价模型,对若尔盖县的生态环境质量状况进行了评价。首先,从影响生态环境质量的因子出发,选取归一化植被指数（NDVI）、地表温度、坡度、坡向、土地利用、湿度指数6项生态因子作为评价指标;然后,利用主成分分析法确定各评价指标的权重,根据综合指数评价模型计算出研究区的生态环境质量指数,同时,依据计算结果的大小把研究区的生态环境质量划分为优、良、中、差4个等级;最后,对若尔盖县的生态环境状况的空间分布规律进行分析。结果表明,2007-2012年若尔盖县生态环境质量良好,不同时相的生态环境综合指数的均值均在60左右,同时该区域的生态环境质量有变好的趋势;不同季节的评价结果稍有差异,但是同一季节不同年的变化趋势是一致的;不同等级的区域相间分布,较差区域主要集中在植被覆盖较差的区域,西北部居多,中部零星分布。     

跋山库区土地生态评价定量系统模型研究

应用系统论的观点建立了跋山库区土地生态系统模型,并对系统多因子进行了定量分析。在定量评价的数学模型中,应用Q型系统聚类分析划分土地生态类型,应用主成分分析法确定各生态类型的地位级指数。     

基于GIS技术的永久基本农田划定方法研究

为了探讨永久基本农田划定的有效方式,该文以济南市长清区为例,综合考虑耕地划入永久基本农田的因素,选择了质量等别、连片度、耕地坡度、耕地交通便利性和耕地居民点辐射度5个评价指标因子,运用GIS技术获取评价指标因子得分,根据特尔菲法确定评价指标权重,采用多因素加权分析法对耕地划入永久基本农田进行综合评价,运用GIS空间分析功能输出永久基本农田分布图,并实现了划定永久基本农田。该文研究成果可为县(区)级永久基本农田划定提供借鉴方法和科学依据。     

新疆土地耕作适宜性的多自然地理要素评价方法

新疆维吾尔族自治区地处中国西北边陲,研究该区宜耕土地资源的空间分布,对促进其土地资源合理开发,确保国家耕地安全和粮食安全具有重大现实意义。本文基于多源自然地理要素,对新疆土地资源的耕作适宜性进行GIS多级评价。首先,选取地形、气候、土壤和生态4要素共10个宜耕因子,采用综合指数法与极限条件法相结合的评价方法,构建了新疆宜耕土地资源评价模型;然后,将模型结果与基于地貌数据获得的宜耕区域叠加对比,确定对模型结果的分级标准,得到新疆宜耕土地资源的数量、质量及空间分布格局;最后,利用2000、2005和2013年3期土地利用数据,验证了模型的合理性和科学性,同时,通过统计分析找出模型中需进一步完善之处。     

Mapping the farming-pastoral ecotones in China

Conventional farming-pastoral ecotones methods of delineating were not quantitative and could not fully show their spatial distribution. The present paper attempts to develop quantitative methods for mapping farming-pastoral ecotones in China. Nine indicators, related to temperature, precipitation and altitude aspects, were selected to quantify ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage）. Methods of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and expert score ranking combined with fuzzy set theory were applied to assign the weight for each indicator and to define the membership functions. The geographic information system （GIS） was used to manage the spatial database and conduct the spatial analysis. According to the spatial calculation of evaluation model integrated with GIS, the ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage） was mapped. Three different zones, pastoral area, farming-pastoral ecotones and farming area, were classified by spatial cluster analysis and the maximum likelihood classification for the numeric map of vegetation ecological susceptibility by GIS. This map was validated by the economic statistical result based on the ratio of the output value from animal husbandry in total output value of agriculture by the National Bureau of Statistics in China, indicating that the mapping of the farming-pastoral ecotones may be accepted.     

多层次格网模型的近邻指数聚类生态区划算法与实验——以新疆北部地区区划为例

在综合考虑气候、植被、地貌等凶素的基础上,提出一种基于多层次格网模型的最近邻指数-模糊聚类生态区域划分算法(Nearest Neighbor Index Fuzzy clustering,NNI-FIC).该算法采用"自下而上"的方式,首先,利用离散格网单元之间的严格相似性形成区划的核心分区;然后,通过最近邻指数统计分...     

三峡库区小江流域水环境综合区划

本研究以三峡库区小江流域为研究对象,在综合考虑陆域、水体、社会经济对流域水环境影响的基础上,建立了水环境综合区划的指标体系,同时根据DEM划分了流域综合区划的基本单元.在主导因素法和空间叠置法的基础上,通过CIS分析工具,对小江流域的水环境进行了综合区划,分为3个一级区域,分别为北部水源涵养和保育区,南部污染控制区,以...     

GRAIN PRODUCTION AND CLIMATIC VARIATION IN TAIHU LAKE BASIN

Before the end of the Ming Dynasty to the early of the Qing Dynasty, climate was warm, and heat energy was plentiful, so double-cropping of rice in Taihu Lake basin could grow without any protection. Later the global climate entered the Little Ice Age, the double-cropping of rice was extirpated nearly, grain output decreased heavily. After the Little Ice Age, although, the global climate got warm, sometimes, the thermal condition was enough for two crops no three crops one year throughout the period. So both the area and output of of double-cropping of rice was fluctuated with variation of cold/ warm. The condition of heat energy, with the movement of climatic zone, becomes a sensitive factor effecting grain production. Recently, as CO2concentra-tion in atmosphere is increasing, climate is getting warm. With the comprehensive effect of such warming and natural cooling trend, the climate in Taihu Lake basin shows the following trend: warm in winter, cooling in summer, decreasing of annual accumulated tem     

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA——A Case Study of Du＇an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied field of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study ofDu‘an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system ofsynthetic regionalization ofecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with ecological insecurity and compounded agriculture and forestry management. Meanwhile, for these regions, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development were pointed out, which provide the basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development in counties of karst mountainous area.     

Using fuzzy-AHP and parametric technique to assess soil fertility status in Northeast of Iran

A good understanding of the levels and distribution patterns of soil properties and/or quality indicators is a prerequisite for developing sustainable agricultural land management programs. Traditional assessments of these parameters of soil fertility status are somewhat costly, in both economics and time aspects. Different modelling techniques have been proposed as a useful tool for determination of soil quality indicators and development of soil fertility maps, but to what extent these results are reliable remains under-quantified in many regions worldwide. To address this uncertainty, Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process(Fuzzy-AHP) and Parametric analyses were conducted to ascertain the soil fertility status of a semiarid region in the Northeast of Iran for some selected crops: alfalfa, corn silage, potato, sugar beet, tomato and wheat. The Fuzzy-AHP and Parametric techniques using soil suitability indices were estimated for each crop and each soil delineation was achieved by Ordinary Kriging. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) was used as a compensatory method to allow tradeoffs among the selected criteria. Our results demonstrated that from the Fuzzy-AHP analysis, the soil fertility indices ranged from moderate to high for production of alfalfa;from low to high for production of corn silage and sugar beet;moderate to high for production of potato and tomato;and from low to moderate for production of wheat. However, the parametric analysis showed soil fertility classes ranging from very low to high for production of all the selected crops. High correlations were also observed between soil fertility indices predicted by both models. Similarly, the capacities of both models to predict soil fertility status for production of the selected crops were also highly correlated. The preference for the cultivation of the selected crops based on the Fuzzy-AHP analysis was sugar beet > corn silage > wheat > alfalfa > tomato > potato. On the other hand, using Parametric techniques, the crops preferences for cultivation ranked as corn silage > wheat > alfalfa > sugar beet > tomato > potato. We concluded that the findings would help to develop sustainable plans of cultivation based on patterns related to soil fertility classes depending on each crop’s requirement.     

基于ALOS遥感数据的新丰江流域生态安全GIS评价

基于ALOS遥感影像,采用10m×10m的栅格精度,以乡镇行政区划作为综合评价单元,在G IS的支持下,获取了18种评价因子信息。通过建立生态安全指数模型,计算出每个栅格和每个乡镇区域的生态安全指数并将其划分为6个等级,即Ⅰ级到Ⅵ级(生态安全状况由非常安全到极不安全)。结果表明,新丰江流域内的生态安全状况整体上较好,但安全等级分布不平衡,具有明显的区域性特征,生态堪忧地区为居民及工矿用地密集区,主要分布在流域的北部、东南部和中部的采矿区,如上坪镇、元善镇和上莞镇等;生态较为安全的区域主要分布在流域中部,如新丰江库区附近的锡场镇、半江镇等。该方法为流域的生态安全评价、预警、保护及管理提供了有效手段,具有积极的实用价值。