地震损伤钢筋混凝土结构耗能减震加固设计实用方法

建议采用耗能减震装置对地震损伤钢筋混凝土结构进行修复，提出了地震损伤结构的修复设计准则，修复地震损伤结构设计参数的计算方法及修复有损伤结构耗能器的设计方法，并通过实例验证，说明了该方法具有实用性。     

基于反应谱理论的复模态抗震设计方法

本文结合我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》，采用复模态理论分析技术对结构非正交阻尼阵进行解耦，导出了基于反应谱理论的耗能减震结构的复模态抗震设计方法。文中提出了完整、系统的耗能减震结构复模态抗震设计方法的程序，并给出若干抗震设计实例。算例结果表明：该设计方法准确、实用，具有一定的理论意义与工程意义。     

轻钢增层结构的实用抗震设计方法

轻钢增层结构属于复合结构，我国建筑抗震规范尚未对复合结构的抗震设计方法作出具体规定，传统的抗震设计方法偏于不安全。本文提出了轻钢增层结构的实模态强振型解耦法，并对现行规范的地震影响系数提出了修订意见。     

消能支撑框架结构设计方法探讨

本文提出了一种新的消能支撑框架结构设计方法，该方法能够实现罕遇地震下结构的目标位移控制，其主要设计思路是框架主体结构按非抗震设计或降低烈度进行抗震设计，消能支撑则由罕遇烈度地震下满足给定层间位移角限值的优化计算来确定。本文还给出了一个15层框架结构的设计算例，并把本文方法的设计结果与按常规方法的设计结果进行了比较。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构直接基于损伤性能的抗震设计方法研究

在现有抗震设计方法研究的基础上，提出了直接基于损伤性能的设计方法。首先，建立等效位移延性系数与结构损伤指标的关系，得到了反映不同设防水准损伤目标的结构等效位移延性系数；其次，运用R-μ关系模型，根据等效位移延性系数确定地震折减系数，从而计算出结构弹塑性地震作用；然后，建立结构的需求曲线与推覆曲线，对结构在强震作用下的性能进行评价；最后，通过算例说明了该方法的设计步骤及其可行性。     

桁架结构基于地震可靠性分析的优化方法

本文把桁架结构地震可靠性分析和最优化设计方法结合起来，以结构的地震失效率概率为目标函数，给出一种考虑地震可靠性的桁架结构的优化方法。该方法能够解决线性桁架体系在平稳的随机地震地面运动激励下的优化问题，并在给定投资的条件下设计出了安全可靠的桁架结构。     

基于单质点体系的多层隔震结构设计方法

本文针对多层隔震结构提出了适合工程技术人员使用的基于单质点体系建立的等价线性化设计方法，这种设计方法结合我国现行的建筑抗震设计规范，将上部结构简化成单质点体系，基于最大设计位移进行地震反应分析，是一种实用设计法。文中以地下1层、地上5层的多层框架结构体系为例进行了分析，并与时程分析法计算结果进行了对比，结果显示本文提出的设计计算方法具有计算简便，计算精度符合工程应用的特点。     

结构分灾抗震设计:概念和应用

详细论述了结构分灾抗震设计的产生背景、设计思想、优化模型和基本原则，指出结构分灾设计是在分析基于投资—效益准则的结构抗震设计模型的基础上，对工程实践中一些成功经验的提炼和概括而形成的设计方法，工程领域中一些现行设计方法和措施就是分灾设计的具体应用。当工程师们待处理的问题必须考虑高度不确定性因素时，将分灾设计作为一种可能选用的设计理念，将有助于工程师们实现设计创新。分灾设计符合基于性能的抗震设计思想，可以方便地实现基于性能的设计。     

基于性态的抗震设计理论和方法的研究与发展

基于性态的抗震设计理论和方法是目前世界各国学术和工程界广泛关注的课题，本文从性态设计的理论框架、地震设防水准、结构抗震性态水准、结构抗震设计方法等四方面评术了国内外的研究和发展状况，并提出了若干值得重视的问题。     

叠层橡胶垫基础隔震建筑结构设计方法与应用

简要概括了国内外叠层橡胶垫基础隔震技术的应用发展状况，介绍了隔震结构的各种反应分析模型，对隔震结构设计分析方法进行了讨论，提出了有益的建议，并指出了在《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）关于隔震结构的简化计算方法中存在的诸多不足。结合我国的隔震技术应用现状，引入了两阶段设计法的概念。此方法将有利于提高设计质量，减少设计周期。     

Analysis on responding ability of well-aquifer system to precursors

Introduction Response of water level of borehole to micro-dynamic information such as seismic wave, solid tide and air pressure, etc, had been paid attention to long before and many researches had been carried out. It is concluded that abilities of micro-dynamic recording are different for differ-ent observation wells and even for the same well, responses to micro-dynamic information with different frequencies are different. Long-period events (precursors) before strong earthquakes are recorde…     

井-含水层系统对前驱波响应能力的分析

对山西、河北、北京和江苏地区14口观测井的前驱波记录次数进行了统计分析,并给出了前驱波记录次数占统计年份地震总次数的百分比;利用Cooper等人推导的井-含水层系统放大因子表达式,分析了井-含水层系统的特征参数与前驱波响应能力之间的关系. 研究结果表明,井-含水层系统对前驱波的响应能力大小与含水层的固有周期存在一定关系,即固有周期越大,记录前驱波的能力越强; 井-含水层系统对前驱波的响应能力大小还与导水系数和井孔半径平方的比值大小有关,该比值越大,响应能力越强.      

One-dimensional uniform and time varying solute dispersion along transient groundwater flow in a semi-infinite aquifer

An analytical solution for the space-time variation of contaminant concentration in one-dimensional transient groundwater flow in a homogenous semi-infinite aquifer, subjected to time-dependent source contamination, is derived. The uniform and time varying dispersion along transient groundwater flow is investigated under two conditions. First, the flow velocity distribution in the aquifer is considered as a sinusoidally varying function, and second, the flow velocity distribution is treated as an exponentially increasing function of time. It is assumed that initially the aquifer is not solute free, so the initial background concentration is considered as an exponentially decreasing function of the space variable which is tending to zero at infinity. It is assumed that dispersion is directly proportional to the square of the velocity, noting that experimental observations indicate that dispersion is directly proportional to the velocity with a power ranging from 1 to 2. The analytical solution is illustrated using an example and may help benchmark numerical codes and solutions.     

A “PROCESSING DENSITY’TO CALCULATE MARINE BOUGUER GRAVITY FREE OF TOPOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN CASE OF UNKNOWN BOTTOM DENSITY *

In marine gravity interpretation, the density required for the Bouguer correction is not easily measured, and, therefore, one often uses either standard values or extrapolates density from a station or a profile to an entire survey. If the real density varies, this leads to inconsistencies. In this paper a method is proposed to eliminate as much as possible the gravimetrical effects of real density variations. The principle is to apply Nettleton's method to the whole space, but also to use a continuously variable density in the Bouguer gravity computation. It is possible to avoid affecting real gravity anomalies by using stations situated on suitable area elements the optimal size of which is determined by the program. The density that is obtained is called “processing density’ because it is not a real one, but rather the resultant of the densities affect on each station. Use of the method is demonstrated on an example from the southeastern part of Bay of Biscay.     

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

The deterioration of air quality is threatening the life and health of people. Scientists in China and other countries have done a great deal of research work on the details of air pollution and the methods of preven-tion and control during the past decades. Up to now, most of the achievements are concentrated on the techniques of controlling pollutant sources and the programs of reduction, which focus on the improve-ment of air quality and the restoration of environment. The techniques of con…     

地震预报唯象模型的适用性研究

滑动可预报模型，时间可预报模型和双限随机应力水平模型是三种相关的地震预报唯象模型。对于一个指定地区，用哪种模型更合理呢？为解决这个问题，本文提出了两地震预报模式适用程度的数值分析方法，利用这些方法可以合理地鉴别出氖要用的地震预报唯象模型是否适用于指定地区的地震预报分析。     

Statistical damage detection method for frame structures using a confidence interval

<正>A novel damage detection method is applied to a 3-story frame structure,to obtain statistical quantification control criterion of the existence,location and identification of damage.The mean,standard deviation,and exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) are applied to detect damage information according to statistical process control(SPC) theory.It is concluded that the detection is insignificant with the mean and EWMA because the structural response is not independent and is not a normal distribution.On the other hand,the damage information is detected well with the standard deviation because the influence of the data distribution is not pronounced with this parameter.A suitable moderate confidence level is explored for more significant damage location and quantification detection,and the impact of noise is investigated to illustrate the robustness of the method.     

A stochastic integral equation analog of rainfall-runoff processes for evaluating modeling uncertainty

In this paper a very general rainfall-runoff model structure (described below) is shown to reduce to a unit hydrograph model structure. For the general model, a multi-linear unit hydrograph approach is used to develop subarea runoff, and is coupled to a multi-linear channel flow routing method to develop a link-node rainfall-runoff model network. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution over the catchment is probabilistically related to a known rainfall data source located in the catchment in order to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall with respect to the rain gauge measured data. The resulting link node model structure is a series of stochastic integral equations, one equation for each subarea. A cumulative stochastic integral equation is developed as a sum of the above series, and includes the complete spatial and temporal variabilities of the rainfall over the catchment. The resulting stochastic integral equation is seen to be an extension of the well-known single area unit hydrograph method, except that the model output of a runoff hydrograph is a distribution of outcomes (or realizations) when applied to problems involving prediction of storm runoff; that is, the model output is a set of probable runoff hydrographs, each outcome being the results of calibration to a known storm event.     

非传统矿产资源定量预测的理论思考

近年来,国内外对新型非传统矿产资源研究都予以高度重视,解决矿产资源短缺的这一就是非传统勘查理论与方法研究。“相似类比”一直是地质研究所遵循的基本原理,但对于具有“点型分布”的矿床,以及对于研究区不存在已知矿床没有现成模式进行“相似类比”,什么样的理论可以用来指导我们的找矿预测呢？多样性是复杂系统中客观事物外在表现的基本特征,成矿专属性只是成矿多样性的一种特例或表现形式之一。因此,非传统矿产资源预测评价的新理论必须在理论基础上既适用于寻找传统矿床类型,又不忽视对新类型矿产资源的发现,预测和评价。对于区域成矿预测的分析研究,成矿地质信息的数字化,定量化是地质异常识别与提取的重要基础,矿化特征的数字化,定量化是成矿多样性分析与评价的关键步骤,区域成矿规律的数字化,定量化是矿床谱系分析的理论核心。     

A stochastic integral equation analog of rainfall-runoff processes for evaluating modeling uncertainty

In this paper a very general rainfall-runoff model structure (described below) is shown to reduce to a unit hydrograph model structure. For the general model, a multi-linear unit hydrograph approach is used to develop subarea runoff, and is coupled to a multi-linear channel flow routing method to develop a link-node rainfall-runoff model network. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution over the catchment is probabilistically related to a known rainfall data source located in the catchment in order to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall with respect to the rain gauge measured data. The resulting link node model structure is a series of stochastic integral equations, one equation for each subarea. A cumulative stochastic integral equation is developed as a sum of the above series, and includes the complete spatial and temporal variabilities of the rainfall over the catchment. The resulting stochastic integral equation is seen to be an extension of the well-known single area unit hydrograph method, except that the model output of a runoff hydrograph is a distribution of outcomes (or realizations) when applied to problems involving prediction of storm runoff; that is, the model output is a set of probable runoff hydrographs, each outcome being the results of calibration to a known storm event.