蒙阴县台上铁矿矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理

临沂市蒙阴县地处沂蒙山区,地形起伏大,山区峰高坡陡,矿产资源较丰富,近年来,受矿产开发、地下水开采、山区综合开发利用,交通与水利建设以及不利地质条件影响,局部地段地质灾害频繁发生,根据蒙阴县台上铁矿区的地质环境条件,结合矿山地质环境问题的实地调查,在综合分析的基础上进行影响评估,并有针对性地提出了恢复治理措施。     

Current situation and influencing factors of pluriactivity in mountainous and hilly rural areas of Sichuan province, China

In this study,the current situation of pluriactivity in mountainous and hilly rural areas of Sichuan province was analyzed using representative sample survey data and natural factor data calculated based on 30 m-resolution DEM and GIS.Moreover,using logistic regression model,a quantitative analysis was conducted on factors influencing pluriactivity in terms of individuals,households,communities and natural environmental conditions.The results showed that,(1) only 17.77% of rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan province were engaged in pluriactivity.Geographically,pluriactivity was mainly chosen according to the "proximity principle",and was concentrated in construction and service industries;(2) the following factors have a significant influence on whether rural laborers in hilly areas engage in pluriactivity:gender,number of years of education,marriage,number of laborers and time to towns.Those with little influence include:age,health,family size,arable land per capita and per capita income,whether there are elderly people over 75 years and children less than 3 years.According to the main factors affecting pluriactivity,the government should enhance vocational skills training for rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas,especially for female laborers,further improve transport accessibility and encourage rural laborers,especially female laborers to move into pluriactivity to increase the income of farm households.     

莱芜市钢城区农村建设用地整治工作分析

农村土地整治挖潜是乡镇企业发展解决用地瓶颈的重要举措,是落实科学发展观的具体体现,对于统筹城乡经济社会发展,加速改善农村面貌,实现城乡经济、社会、环境协调发展具意义重要。通过分析莱芜市钢城区农村土地整治挖潜的现状与问题,就今后如何做好农村建设用地整理、复垦提出建议。     

城乡一体化发展下的土地整治规划环境影响评价——以山东省诸城市为例

土地整治环境影响评价是土地整治规划编制过程中的一个重要环节,目前的土地整治环境影响评价多是从某方面评价土地整治规划对环境的影响。在城乡一体化发展的背景下,按照"全域规划、全域整治"的要求,通过识别土地整治规划对经济、社会和环境影响,建立评价指标体系,以山东省诸城市为例,对土地整治规划环境影响进行综合评价。     

耕地用途管制制度下的济南市耕地后备资源开发利用潜力研究

本文以济南市为研究对象,运用极限条件法初判济南市耕地后备资源宜耕性并划分潜力类型区,在此基础上,采用多因素综合评价方法测算宜耕后备资源的开发复耕难易程度并划分难易程度等级。结果表明：济南市各区县宜耕未利用地分布差异较大,从潜力类型区分布来看,丰富区和较丰富区主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区和南部沿黄区域,较匮乏区主要分布在北部平原区和南部山区,资源匮乏区主要为中部主城区附近。济南市易开发后备资源主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区。该研究可为济南市不同地域后备资源开发时序安排,科学编制耕地占补平衡和进出平衡方案提供参考。     

广元市丘陵地区土地整治潜力调查评价

通过调查3个丘陵区的土地整治情况,按地形、地貌进行土地整治分区,讨论土地整治潜力评价的方法,分别对农用地整治、农村建设用地整治、土地复垦和宜耕后备土地资源开发的建设规模和补充耕地的数量潜力与质量潜力进行分析计算,最后对调查区土地整治综合潜力进行评价。     

Classification and Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Bishan County of Chongqing, China

The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.     

基于生态保护格局的省域国土空间生态修复策略——以山东省为例

国土空间生态保护修复是生态文明建设的重要抓手。省域国土空间生态修复需要以维持区域生态保护格局为基础，聚焦核心生态区、重要生态带和重点生态绿心，构建国土空间生态修复格局，实现整体保护、系统修复、综合治理。以山东为例，在生态问题诊断基础上，基于省域生态保护格局，构建了“两核、三带”的生态修复总体格局，提出了“六心、六原、多城”的生态修复关键区域，提出了筑牢生态保护基础框架，锚定重点生态绿心保护修复，因地制宜开展平原土地整治修复，差异化推进城镇生态修复，以期为省域生态修复提供支撑。     

土地整治项目科技化管理的探索研究

目前,国内土地整治项目管理工作已趋入正规化,各项制度建设较为完善,但普遍存在项目规划设计调查不充分,实施难以有效监管,设计目标完成情况难以落实,档案管理难以规范等不足之处。为转变传统的土地整治低效管理模式,提高管理效率,实现项目管理模式的专业化、精准化、高效化。基于"互联网+"与地理信息系统技术,创新土地整治项目管理模式,在国内首次开发了包含移动巡查填报、移动端采集监管、土地综合项目巡查监管展示和土地综合项目动态监管四大功能模块的土地综合项目动态监管系统,突破了办公环境的限制,实时传输项目的信息,接受社会的广泛监督,减少人工作业条件下的人为干扰因素,科学考核土地整治工作,实现对土地整治项目的高效监管,促进土地资源保护和合理利用。     

遥感技术在泰山区域矿山环境治理修复工程的监测应用

区域矿山环境治理修复是国土空间修复的主要形式和内容,是生态文明建设的重要组成部分。遥感技术是获取生态修复治理信息和效果的主要途径之一。该文以泰山区域矿山环境治理修复工程为研究区域,提出一种利用遥感技术方法为主,结合往年资料提取矿山地质环境变化信息,对修复过程进行监测,对修复效果进行分析的方法。     

Integrating multisource RS data and GIS techniques to assist the evaluation of resource-environment carrying capacity in karst mountainous area

The karst mountainous area is an ecologically fragile region with prominent humanland contradictions. The resource-environment carrying capacity(RECC) of this region needs to be further clarified. The development of remote sensing(RS) and geographic information system(GIS) provides data sources and processing platform for RECC monitoring. This study analyzed and established the evaluation index system of RECC by considering particularity in the karst mountainous area of Southwest China; processed multisource RS data(Sentinel-2, Aster-DEM and Landsat-8) to extract the spatial distributions of nine key indexes by GIS techniques(information classification, overlay analysis and raster calculation); proposed the methods of index integration and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the RECC by GIS; and took a typical area, Guangnan County in Yunnan Province of China, as an experimental area to explore the effectiveness of the indexes and methods. The results showed that:(1) The important indexes affecting the RECC of karst mountainous area are water resources, tourism resources, position resources, geographical environment and soil erosion environment.(2) Data on cultivated land, construction land, minerals, transportation, water conservancy, ecosystem services, topography, soil erosion and rocky desertification can be obtained from RS data. GIS techniques integrate the information into the RECC results. The data extraction and processing methods are feasible on evaluating RECC.(3) The RECC of Guangnan County was in the mid-carrying level in 2018. The midcarrying and low-carrying levels were the main types, accounting for more than 80.00% of the total study area. The areas with high carrying capacity were mainly distributed in the northern regions of the northwest-southeast line of the county, and other areas have a low carrying capacity comparatively. The coordination between regional resource-environment status and socioeconomic development is the key to improve RECC. This study explores the evaluation index system of RECC in karst mountainous area and the application of multisource RS data and GIS techniques in the comprehensive evaluation. The methods can be applied in related fields to provide suggestions for data/information extraction and integration, and sustainable development.     

基于夜间灯光与土地利用数据的山东省乡镇级人口数据空间化

格网化人口数据能够刻画实际人口空间分布状况,是实现人口数据更好地与自然、社会、经济等要素融合分析的有效途径。本文面向精细尺度格网人口数据的需求,以中国东部人口稠密的山东省为例,基于乡镇级人口统计数据,研究了结合夜间灯光和土地利用数据的空间化方法。其中以EVI修正DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据来增加城镇用地内部人口分布的差异性,以城乡二级分区方法避免夜间灯光数据在农村低辐射亮度区模拟人口的缺点,提高了建模精度。利用其余地区的人口统计值检验建模精度,结果有78%的行政单元的相对误差绝对值小于20%。最终在2000年首次公布的乡镇级人口统计数据的基础上,生成了山东省100 m格网人口分布数据SDpop2000。通过与精度较高的全球WorldPop人口数据产品对比可见,SDpop2000和WorldPop在10 km网格尺度上的相关性系数高达0.93;SDpop2000在鲁中部、泰安西南部、济宁南部、临沂南部、枣庄北部和鲁北沿海等地的人口分布明显比WorldPop更准确;且SDpop2000较好地刻画了山东省在鲁西、鲁北平原区的人口较鲁中南山地丘陵区、鲁北沿海和山东半岛丘陵区的人口更为稠密的人口分布趋势。本文构建的基于DMSP/OLS与土地利用的乡镇级人口数据空间化方法明显提高了空间化精度,适用于乡镇尺度的人口精细模拟。     

Augmented planning support system framework for mountainous urban master planning

As a reflection of the relationship between human and mountainous environment, urban planning has an impact on the mountainous environment by changing the topography, landform and spatial layout. A good urban planning can mitigate and adapt to the mountainous environmental impact. Urban master planning involves the interrelationships and interactions of various components of urban complex systems. Planning Support System(PSS), as a technical means to assist planning decision-making, is mostly based on the construction mode of "user(stakeholder)-system". Its strong professional characteristics are not conducive to the consensus of diverse stakeholders on urban planning. The aim of this paper is therefore to build an augmented planning support system framework that is based on complex adaptive system theory, this framework is ontology-driven, and thus will enable the generation of a planning support prototype system for mountainous urban master planning founded on this framework. The framework fuses the urban planning ontology and the planning support system together, which helps different urban agents to reach a consensus based on a common understanding of urban planning. The defect is that the construction of the urban planning ontology is still manually constructed. The approach advocated here will enable a common understanding of mountainous urban master planning, support efficient and flexible decision in this area, and provide reference framework for future mountainous urban master PSS developments and application. The PSS prototype developed based on augmented planning support system framework has been applied to the urban master planning of Changting County in Fujian Province, China. Through the application of multiscenario analysis, urban agents can deepen their understanding of the current situation and future development of the city, and ultimately helps to promote urban planning decisions and implementation.     

Impact of land expropriation on farmers' livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan,China

Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development. Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers. livelihoods. However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers.livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of landexpropriation on farmers. livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013, with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables. The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM) by Geographic Information System(GIS). Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristics are negatively affected by village accessibility. Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated. Additionally, land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2) Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation. Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility, but also indirectlyaffected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3) Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation, and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation. The worse a village.s accessibility/location is, the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4) Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation. The better the village.s accessibility is,the greater is its compensation for land expropriation and, hence, the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated, and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households. livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households. livelihood. These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households. livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.     

青州市农村土地整治工作的实践与思考

农村土地整治已成为当前国土资源管理工作的热点,它综合了统筹城乡发展、城市反哺农村、工业反哺农业等工作,将多年的土地开发整理和复垦工作推到了一个新的高度,同时该项工作在开展过程中也存在一些不容忽视的问题。该文以青州市农村土地整治开展情况为例,进行了一些有益探索与思考。     

Analysis of types and changes of village-level economy in rural Gongyi city,Henan Province since 1990

Based on the research on the rural living standard in China in terms of annual net income per capita, we define six types of village-level economy, i.e. ＂to be extremely poor＂, ＂to make a basic living＂, ＂to dress warmly and eat one＇s fill＂, ＂to try to enrich （to disengage poverty）＂, ＂to be well-off＂ and ＂to be affluent＂. The data of average annual net income of all the 292 villages between 1990 and 2004 in rural Gongyi City, Henan Province were collected, verified and classified. By using standard deviation, coefficient of variation and regression analysis, it is found that the Gongyi＇s rural economy has boosted up remarkably from the relative-poverty and absolute-poverty stages in 1990 to the well-off in 2004. However, the absolute differences between villages present a trend of enlargement, while the relative differences fluctuating. On the other hand, spatial analysis of village-level economy shows that most villages with relatively high economic development level were located along national expressway and most villages with absolute-poverty lay in remote mountainous areas in 1990. Since the 1990s, the rapid urbanization and industrialization have had strongly positive effects on rural economic growth. Initial economic foundation, natural resources and traditional techniques also contribute to village economy. From the perspective of geography, villages with location advantages, such as near urban center or industrial parks, have more chances for their economic development and the ＂core-periphery＂ economic structure has been presented in the process of rural development.     

珠江三角洲传统村落生态侵蚀时空演变特征

传统村落的保护随着中国第四批保护名录的公布逐渐成为全社会的共识。传统村落是人类与自然环境长期相互作用与有机融合的产物,其周边农田、山林、水塘等自然生态环境使着传统村落生产及生活活动得以延续。1978年改革开放后,快速城市化的背景下,不同背景下的城乡建设使得传统村落周边生态自然环境不断遭受到侵蚀威胁,为其整体保护带来极大的挑战。为开展快速城市化背景下传统村落生态环境的影响研究,本文首先界定了传统村落生态侵蚀的概念,应用侵蚀动力学理论对自我生态侵蚀、外来生态侵蚀、突发性生态侵蚀与生态侵蚀修复4种生态侵蚀方式提出生态侵蚀演变的4种模型,同时以珠江三角洲中国传统村落为研究案例,从时间和空间上对珠江三角洲地区传统村落生态侵蚀情况进行分析,探讨其生态侵蚀演变规律,揭示快速城市化背景下传统村落生态侵蚀的时空演变特征,总结了“城镇建设外侵模式、村落建设扩张模式、道路交通占领模式、综合发展模式”4种传统村落生态侵蚀的用地演化模式,丰富和深化传统村落生态视角的研究,为传统村落的保护和相关规划提供了重要参考。     

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN CHINA

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＲＵＲＡＬＡＲＥＡＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＺｅｎｇＪｕｘｉｎ（曾菊新）（ＤｅｐｏｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＨｕａｚｈｏｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７０，ＰＲＣ...     

中国城市土地整治综合潜力分区与提升路径

城市土地整治是促进城市土地利用系统正常运转、城市内部要素和谐共生的重要手段。目前对城市土地整治潜力及分区的研究均未能从城市角度建立一个综合的指标体系。立足于城市土地整治的需求,基于“潜力评价—类型划分—-问题识别—提升路径”的框架,开展了全国289个地级以上城市的土地整治综合潜力评价、分区问题识别及提升路径的研究。结果显示：① 中国城市整治综合潜力水平总体上处于中等的水平,不同等级城市之间的整治潜力差异明显;② 中国城市整治综合潜力水平存在显著的地域差异与集聚特征：地域差异总体表现为西部地区>东部地区>中部地区>东北地区;集聚特征表现为高整治潜力区集聚于中国的西南部地区,大规模低整治潜力区集聚于东北地区及内蒙古北部地区;③ 通过对因素层之间及因素层与潜力分级之间的决策分类判断,划定了包括S-NULL综合发展型高潜整治区、M-N自然限制型中潜整治区、L-NE良性发展型低潜整治区、L-NEC暂不适宜型低潜整治区等15个城市土地整治类型区;④ 针对各类型区的限制性因素,进行分区域的问题识别,主要分为综合发展型、集约发展型、经济投入型等八类,并因地制宜地提出目标导向的提升路径。研究方法及结果可作为全国开展城市土地整治的理论参考。     

Changing Concepts of City and Urban Planning Practices in Guangzhou （1949-2010）： An Approach to Sustainable Urban Development

By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980s and 1990s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then con- sidered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water re- sources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and envi- ronmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.