赵瑞华以虚为本辨治产后病经验

介绍赵瑞华教授以虚为本辨治产后病的经验。赵教授在产后病“多虚多瘀”病机的基础上，提出其病机为多虚兼瘀，认为虚是产后病的核心因素，瘀是继发于虚的衍生因素，治则治法以扶正培元、顾护脾胃为主，佐以治瘀，兼以祛邪，注重调畅情志，临床多以当归补血汤为基础方，临证灵活化裁，病证结合，合方应用，用药稳中求变，平中求奇，临床疗效显著。并附验案1则，以资佐证。     

沉积地球科学若干理论问题的演革与启示——献给业治铮教授八十华诞

沉积地球科学中若干理论概念经过百余年的争论与探索，已经成为建立在地质现象有序性的基础上，以渐进演化和突变事件为指导思想，以活动论作为世界观，以模拟对比作为主要方法手段，以三维空间作为探索方向的成熟的地球科学分支学科。仅以崇敬的心情献上此文，庆祝业治铮教授八十年诞。     

沉积地球科学若干理论问题的演革与启示

沉积地救科学中若干理论概念经过百余年的争论与探索，已经成为为建立在地质现象有序性的基础上，以渐进演化和突变事件为指导思想，以活动论世界观，以模拟对比作为主要方法手段，以三维空间作为探索方向的成熟的地球科学分支学科。仅以崇敬心情献上此文，庆祝业治铮教授八十年诞。     

辽冀省间海域勘界区海底地貌特征及其划界意义

辽冀海域勘界调查区海岸与海底地貌调查研究结果表明，调查区海岸与海底地貌均大致以红石嘴附近向海一线为界，分为东，西两大部分，西部是受大石河入海泥沙影响的以堆积作用为主的地貌发育区，潮间带以沙滩为主，水下岸坡上大石河三角洲和水下阶地发育，陆架平原由早期大石河水下三角洲堆积体为骨架构成；东部红石嘴至环海寺地嘴之间是以岬角侵蚀物质供给为主的地貌发育区，潮间带以海蚀平台和砂砾滩为主，水下岸坡上暗礁成片分布，没有水下阶地发育，由于泥沙来源有限，海底动力地貌过程以侵蚀作用为主，芷锚湾海区是以自娘娘庙至芷锚湾一带沿岸小河入海泥沙供给的，以近岸堆积，水下岸坡侵蚀为特征的地貌发育区。     

蒋益兰运用“杂合以治”学术思想治疗恶性肿瘤经验

介绍蒋益兰教授运用“杂合以治”学术思想治疗恶性肿瘤的学术观点与临证经验。蒋教授认为，治疗肿瘤不仅要“治”，同时要“注”，即多关注患者。故临床上以“杂合以治”的方式治疗肿瘤，采用中西医并用、药食同治、内外合治、形神并调及病患家属同调等方法。“杂合以治”是一种重要的治疗手段，不仅可以提高患者的生活质量，而且可以延长生存期，实现带瘤生存的目的。     

曾娟妮治疗肛门坠胀经验

介绍曾娟妮教授治疗肛门坠胀的经验。曾教授认为肛门坠胀并非孤立存在，其发生与各脏腑功能失调密切相关，其病性分虚实两端，应综合分析其病因病机，实证以湿热下注、气滞血瘀（兼见肝气郁结）多见，虚证以脾虚气陷为主。对肛门坠胀的诊疗主张因人制宜，注重局部与整体相结合，辨病论治与辨证论治相结合，湿热下注者治以清热利湿，气滞血瘀者治以疏肝理气、活血化瘀，脾虚气陷者治以健脾益气、升阳举陷。分别选用经验方葛根败酱方、柴胡疏肝散加减、补中益气汤加减，配合熏洗坐浴、保留灌肠、情志调节等疗法，临床可获良效。     

台湾海峡中、北部沉积物中有机碳、全氮及全磷的含量分布特征

从分析结果，有机质、氮磷的含量分布与流的方法基本一致，它们的含量大小与沉积物粒度呈相关关系，颗粒愈细含量愈大；氮以有机氮为主要存在形式，磷则以无机磷和有机磷同时并存；闽江口附近及福建近岩沉积物中有机质的还原以陆源为主，海峡中央以海相输入法为主。     

莱州湾地区海水入侵与地貌的关系

于１９９３－１９９５年，通过野外实地考察，以及应用卫星影像解译，水文地质及第四纪地质钻孔资料分析等多种方法，综合研究莱州湾沿岸地区海水入侵与地貌关系，研究表明，莱州湾南岸与东岸地貌条件不同，海水入侵类型不同，南岸以古海水即咸（卤）水入侵主。东岸以现代海水入侵为主；海岸地貌以及滨海平原区古河道，古湖沼洼地地影响海水入侵的重要地貌因素，古河道带上；海水以层状入侵和越流入侵为主，平原洼地中，海水以垂向和     

英德决战日德兰

1890年7月，德国的“铁血宰相”俾斯麦告老引退，取而代之的则是德皇威廉二世所极力推崇的、更具侵略性和扩张性的“全方位争夺阳光下地盘”的军事战略。这种军事战略的核心，就是“以大力扩建海军为重点，以最大的海上强国英国为对手，以全面夺取海洋霸权为目标。”     

盐城凹陷天然气成藏条件分析

盐城天然气属于高成熟源岩的裂解产物，主要来自古生界海相高成熟腐泥型源岩，朱家墩气藏主要的产气层系为阜宁组，泰州组碎屑岩储层，其中阜一段砂岩以Ⅱ类储层为主，Ⅰ类储层为次；泰州组以Ⅲ类储层为主，Ⅱ类储层为次，阜二段，阜一段中上部泥岩，泥灰岩，泰二段的泥岩和浦口组中上部含膏泥岩，在全区分布稳定，是良好的区域性盖层。盐城朱家墩地区主要分3个成藏层段，一是以阜宁组一段底部砂岩为主的构造气藏；二是以泰州组的较致密砂岩和玄武岩为主的岩性气藏；三是以中，古生界为主的气藏，盐城凹陷朱家墩天然气藏在具有良好盖层的储层段聚集成藏。朱家墩气藏成藏时期较晚，但与古生界二次生烃高峰时期一致，气源相对充足，而且储盖组合较好，但分布受控于深大断裂的发育以及储层的储集物性。     

与岸线协调的水深自动选取方法

针对当前水深自动选取中水深点与岸线的协调匹配问题,提出了一种与岸线协调的水深自动选取方法。通过分析资料水深点与岸线的平面位置关系,提取出与岸线协调的待选水深点;从航海安全角度考虑,优先选取浅水深点;在此基础上,分别定义水深点与岸线弯曲处、平直处的协调度,并建立协调度评估模型;通过定量计算协调度,选取出与岸线协调匹配的水深点。实验结果表明,所提方法能在岸线弯曲处优先选取出协调的水深点,同时能保证在岸线平直处附近所选取的水深点分布合理;所提方法能够较好地考虑水深点与岸线的图上位置关系,避免水深注记中断岸线、水深注记"上陆"的情况出现。     

Spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of chlorophyll a in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean

The spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of chlorophyll a(Chl a) were investigated in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean during four survey cruises from 2005 to 2009.The surface Chl a(S-Chl a) concentration ranged from 0.002 to 0.497 mg/m 3 and was obviously higher in the eastern Pacific than in the western and central Pacific.The vertical distribution of Chl a displayed a single peak pattern,and the maximum Chl a layer(MCL) was observed at a shallower depth in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific.All three size fractions of Chl a measurements in the surface water showed a similar distribution to total Chl a and were found in higher concentrations in the eastern Pacific than in the western and central Pacific.Picoplankton dominated the phytoplankton in the surveyed tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean.Furthermore,pico-Chl a(0.2-2 μm) accounted for a larger percentage of the total Chl a in the central Pacific than it did in the western Pacific and eastern Pacific.In the western Pacific,there seemed to be a latitudinal variability in the phytoplankton community composition where small-sized phytoplankton(<2 μm) were more dominant in the tropical than in the subtropical western Pacific.The spatial and temporal variability and size fractionation of Chl a were controlled by hydrological and chemical characteristics and climate events,such as El Nin o and La Nin a.     

Estimation of the Roll Hydrodynamic Moment Model of a Ship by Using the System Identification Method and the Free Running Model Test

When a fast container ship or a naval vessel turns, accompanying roll motions occur. This roll effect must be considered in the horizontal equations of the motion of the ship to predict the maneuverability of the ship properly. In this paper, a new method for determining a model structure of the hydrodynamic roll moment acting on a ship and for estimating the hydrodynamic coefficients is proposed. The method utilizes a system identification technique with the data from sea trial tests or from free running model (FRM) tests. To obtain motion data that is applied to the proposed algorithm, an FRM of a large container ship was developed. Using this model ship, standard maneuvering tests were carried out on a small body of water out of doors. A hydrodynamic roll moment model was constructed utilizing the data from turning circle tests and a 20-20 zig-zag test. This was then confirmed through a 10-10 zig-zag test. It was concluded that a model structure of the hydrodynamic roll moment model could be established without difficulty through a system identification method and FRM tests.     

Damping of gravity–capillary waves on water surface covered with a visco-elastic film of finite thickness

Results of laboratory studies of the damping of gravity–capillary waves on a water surface covered with a film of petroleum product (diesel fuel) in a wide range of change in a film thickness are presented. A nonmonotonic dependence (with a local maximum) of a damping coefficient on film thickness is discovered. Numerical calculations of the dispersion equation for gravity–capillary waves in the presence of a viscoelastic film of arbitrary thickness, which confirmed the existence of the maximum of the damping coefficient as a function of film thickness, are performed. Based on a comparison of the calculation results and the data of laboratory measurements of wave characteristics, the values of parameters in the diesel fuel films are estimated in a wide range of a change in their thickness.     

南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布的统计估算

分析整理了1993—2006年近10 a南海北部海域、南沙海域和南海其他海域的叶绿素a浓度历史航次调查资料,基于前人提出的全球叶绿素浓度垂直分布的统计分析模式,根据南海表层叶绿素a浓度大小的不同分级,对南海叶绿素a浓度进行了参数化处理,拟合估算了南海各水层剖面的叶绿素a浓度分布值,并结合不同海区的环境特征,分析了南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布与其海水物理环境的关系。初步分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度随深度垂直变化的拟合曲线呈一定倾斜的正态分布特征,当表层叶绿素a浓度较低时,作为南海深水海盆区的代表,拟合值更接近实测平均值的分布,叶绿素a浓度高值集中在次表层剖面上;当表层叶绿素a浓度较高时,作为近岸区和河口区的代表,高值多集中在表层海水,拟合误差偏大。该统计估算模式对于揭示南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布结构进行了有益的尝试,为发展适合不同海区特点的模式以及校正参数奠定了基础。利用该模式与海洋水色卫星遥感数据有效结合,将对南海叶绿素a浓度时空分布格局的研究具有重要的意义。     

Experimental study of turbulent-wake expansion from a surface ship

We studied the time dynamics of a turbulent region excited by a moving surface vessel in a field experiment. The time dependences of the geometrical sizes of the turbulent region are obtained, and it is shown that the time dependence of the width of the turbulent wake at the initial stage is close to the power-law function with an exponent of 0.4 for different experiments (the depth of the wake remaining practically constant). In the semiempirical turbulence theory, we suggested a qualitative model describing the process of the initial expansion of a ship wake as a diffusion of a one-dimensional layer of turbulized liquid due to a pulsed source.     

A diagnostic modelling framework to construct indices of biotic integrity: A case study of fish in the Zeeschelde estuary (Belgium)

We propose a coherent regression model building framework to construct fish-based indices. More specifically, we concentrate on the selection of an optimal set of metrics which remains a difficult problem. The paper departs from the observation that an index of biotic integrity (IBI) is analogous to a diagnostic model in medicine assessing the health condition of a patient from a series of biomarkers. In the same vein, an IBI is a diagnostic model predicting the ecosystem condition of a site from a set of (scored) metrics. Metrics are community attributes sensitive to anthropogenic pressure and their scores express the “distance to target” to a reference condition. In a medical context, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are commonly used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory tests. An ROC curve plots the sensitivity of a test (Se; the capacity to detect a disease or degradation) as a function of its false positive fraction (FPF) which is the complement of the specificity (Sp = 1 - FPF; the capacity to recognise a healthy person or a reference condition). The ROC curve represents the strength of the index to discriminate between degraded and reference sites. Higher curves correspond to stronger tests as then a higher sensitivity can be combined with a lower false positive fraction. Hence, it is intuitively clear to use summary statistics of the ROC curve as criteria to optimise medical tests or biotic indices. In this paper, we illustrate the value of this modelling framework with a case study in the Zeeschelde estuary in Belgium. In essence, a “traditional” IBI is an average of metrics scoring relevant properties of the ecosystem. We demonstrate this average score model (AVG) is a special member of the more flexible predictive logistic model (PLM) family. The selection of a set of metrics becomes equivalent to variable selection in statistical model building. We apply model building techniques as best subsets regression to facilitate the search for an optimal suite of metrics from a candidate set and use cross-validation to avoid overfitting. The results show that a few metrics suffice to discriminate between most-impacted and least-impacted sites.     

Numerical Study of a Kyucho and a Bottom Intrusion in the Bungo Channel,Japan: Disturbances Generated by the Kuroshio Small Meanders

The generation and propagation mechanisms of a Kyucho and a bottom intrusion in the Bungo Channel, Japan, have been studied numerically using the hydrostatic primitive equations by assuming density stratification during summer. The experiments are designed to generate a Kuroshio small meander in Hyuga-Nada, which acts as a trigger for these disturbances. After the current speed of the Kuroshio is changed, a small meander is generated. At the head of the small meander, warm Kuroshio water is engulfed, and encounters the southwest coast of Shikoku. However, convergence of heat flux on the bump off Cape Ashizuri suppresses the generation of a warm disturbance, if the current speed is large. As the cold eddy associated with the small meander approaches Cape Ashizuri, the heat flux diverges on the bump. This heat source forces a warm disturbance, which intrudes along the east coast of the Bungo Channel as a baroclinic Kelvin wave (a Kyucho). After the cold eddy passes off Cape Ashizuri, the Kuroshio approaches the bump again. Strong convergence of heat flux then occurs on the bump, which forces a cold disturbance. This disturbance propagates as a topographic Rossby wave along the shelf break at the mouth of the channel. After the topographic wave reaches the west end of the shelf break, it intrudes along the bottom layer of the channel as a density current (a bottom intrusion). These results suggest that a Kyucho and a bottom intrusion are successive events associated with the propagation of the small meander.     

Experiments on Surface Waves Interacting with Flexible Aquatic Vegetation

Surface wave interaction with aquatic vegetation appears to play a key role in coastal hydro-morpho-dynamics. As an example, the presence of a dense meadow at intermediate water depth is usually associated with a stable and resilient shore. Wave-meadow interactions are investigated here by means of physical modelling, with a focus on wave height distribution and hydrodynamics. The central part of a wave flume is covered by flexible artificial seagrass, composed of polyethylene leaves. This vegetation is tested in both near emergent and submerged conditions. The wave height reduction is evaluated by means of a drag coefficient defined from linear wave theory, which contains all the unknowns of the adopted methodology. The behaviour of such a coefficient is investigated as a function of a wave related Reynolds number. The influence of the flexibility of the leaves is also considered, together with a wave frequency parameter. The results show a complex behaviour with three different trends for near rigid, intermediate or highly flexible leaves. Amplitudes of the orbital velocities are investigated and show a fairly good match with the linear wave theory. On the contrary, the mean velocity along the water column appears to be modified by the seagrass for submerged leaves.     

A Lagrangian particle random walk model for simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume with both buoyant and non-buoyant features

This paper presents a computational model of simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume based on a Lagrangian particle random walk algorithm. This model achieves the efficient process to calculate a numerical plume developed in a fluid-advected environment with the characteristics such as significant filament intermittency and significant plume meander due to flow variation with both time and location. Especially, this model addresses both non-buoyant and buoyant features of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in three dimensions, which significantly challenge a strategy for tracing the deep-sea hydrothermal plume and localizing its source. This paper also systematically discusses stochastic initial and boundary conditions that are critical to generate a proper numerical plume. The developed model is a powerful tool to evaluate and optimize strategies for the tracking of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume via an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV).