西准噶尔东部碱性花岗岩体侵位机理的岩浆动力学初步探讨

运用岩浆动力学原理探讨了西准噶尔东部碱性花岗岩浆侵位的驱动力、上升通道、通道最小临界宽度和定位过程。指出：碱性花岗岩体是由其岩浆主要在区域性挤压应力作用下,沿深大断裂以最小临界宽度1．33～301m的脉状上升,并在地壳浅部发生气球膨胀和岩墙扩张．定位于与区内深大断裂有关的次级张性裂隙发育部位后形成的。     

望云山复式花岗岩体磁性组构特征及其动力学意义

为了分析望云山复式花岗岩体侵位时的动力学状态，对该岩体进行了岩石磁组构参数测定，磁化率的变化特征反映了望云山得式岩体侵位过程中构造环境的变化和单元岩石的暗色矿物组成及其性程度的高低；磁面理的产状与岩体形态和岩石单元分布相吻合，清晰地反映了不同构造单元岩浆侵位方式；磁线理指示岩体的侵位中心，线理表现形式不一，标示侵位方式与受构造应力的不同；晚期岩浆对早期岩浆中的磁线理有一定的改造作用，磁线理方向基本上反映了岩浆原始流动状态；从磁化率椭球参数可以看出岩浆侵位的应变状态；岩浆应力场分布体现了岩浆侵位方式及其所处构造环境，岩体岩石磁组构参数佐证了区域构造,围岩构造及岩体内部其他构造所反映的岩体侵位机制。     

就柿竹园钨多金属矿床与岩体的关系试论千里山花岗岩的成矿机制

千里山花岗岩为一单一岩浆作用旋回形成的复式岩体。对柿竹园矿床与千里山岩体关系的研究表明,本区主矿化发生在第一期花岗岩固结之后,而完成于第二期花岗岩就位之前。它们的这种关系显然不能用伴随源岩的多次熔融矿质逐步富集的复式岩体成矿机制或简单的岩浆结晶分异作用来解释。本文提出一种新的可能机制——“岩浆分异构造筛”机制。它对于解释单一岩浆族回复式岩体成矿也许是适宜的。     

西秦岭中川花岗岩岩浆活动特征及地质效应

西秦岭中川花岗岩为3期5次侵入的复式岩体,其主侵入体为印支—燕山期黑云母同碰撞S型二长花岗岩。该岩浆活动在沉积建造中形成热变质作用带和岩浆侵位构造,并产生成矿地质效应。     

中国东南部福州花岗质杂岩的岩石学和地球化学

中国东南部福州复式岩体主要由两个岩套构成:(1)钙碱性岩套(丹阳岩体、福州岩体)侵位于约105—100Ma前(Rb-Sr年龄)。这些花岗岩显示了有斜长石和角闪石分离的分异作用。Sr和Nd同位素证据说明老地壳物质在岩浆形成中起了重要作用。(2)碱性岩套(魁岐岩体、笔架山岩体)侵位于90Ma前。这个岩套主要由超溶线过碱性花岗岩组成。这些过碱性花岗岩的岩浆分异作用很微弱,特征是稀土含量高。Sr和Nd同位素资料表明,在岩浆形成过程中地壳物质带入未起重要作用。 由岩石成因研究可见,福州复式岩体是逐渐连续侵位于地壳上部。钙碱性岩套是侵位于俯冲带的典型岩套,而碱性岩套则与较大的地壳深断裂有关。     

西秦岭中川花岗岩岩浆活动特征及地质效应

西秦岭中川花岗岩为3期5次侵入的复式岩体,其主侵入体为印支—燕山期黑云母同碰撞S型二长花岗岩。该岩浆活动在沉积建造中形成热变质作用带和岩浆侵位构造,并产生成矿地质效应。     

广西姑婆山复式岩基的多源特征及其大地构造形成机制

姑婆山复式岩体及其外接触带的脉岩类,具有明显的多来源的成因特征,常量元素、微量元素(包插稀土元素)和锶同位素变异特征,既与初始岩浆的不同有关,又与围岩的地球化学特征有关,岩浆侵位通道及定位空间围岩组分的加入是造成花岗岩类地球化学特征变异的重要原因。地洼区结构的复杂性和岩浆活动的穿透性是造成本区岩浆岩多源特征的根本原因。     

能量地球化学在花岗岩岩石谱系单位建立中的初步应用

岩浆的侵位和演化过程不仅仅表现为物质上的演化趋势 ,而且也是能量的释放和转移过程。以海洋山花岗岩体为例 ,通过对岩体岩石能量的计算 ,初步探讨了岩石能量地球化学在花岗岩体岩石谱系单位建立中的应用 ,并通过圆石山岩体和栗木岩体对该方法进行了验证。在同源岩浆演化的条件下 ,无论岩石结构是由粗粒到细粒或者是由细粒到粗粒演化 ,岩石的能量从早期侵位单元到晚期侵位单元是逐渐增大的。     

山东邓格庄金矿与昆嵛山花岗岩的定位时代及其地质意义

昆嵛山花岗岩为中生代复式岩体，并非前寒武纪侵入体。邓格庄金矿的容矿岩体是昆嵛山复式岩的中期侵入体。对格庄金矿的定位年龄为１１８Ｍａ。含金热液不是容矿岩体直接分异出的岩浆期后热液。     

广西海洋山花岗岩体侵位构造特征

花岗岩是大陆地壳的重要组成部分,是地球动力学演化的示踪剂。花岗岩体侵位构造的研究对于揭示花岗岩体的变形历史和侵位机制具有重要的科学价值。本文研究了海洋山花岗岩体的内部构造、与岩浆侵位应力有的围岩构造及热接触变质带特征,探讨了岩体和围岩的应变状态。研究发现,从岩浆侵位到冷凝固结,海洋山花岗岩体经历了液态流动、塑性变形和“半固态”冷凝阶段的演化。岩体各单元的应变类型分别是单轴压扁、平面应变、单轴压缩,     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000096

According to the metallogenic theory by transmagmatic fluid(TMF).one magmalic intrusion is a channel of ore-bearing fluids,but not their source.Therefore,it is possible to use TMF’s ability for injection into and for escaping from the magmatic intrusion to evaluate its ore-forming potential.As the ore-bearing fluids cannot effectively inject into the magmatic intrusion when the magma fully crystallized, the cooling time and rates viscosity varied can be used to estimate the minimum critical thickness of the intrusion.One dimensional heat transfer model is used to determine the cooling time for three representative dikes of different composition(granite porphyry,quartz diorite and diabase) in the Shihu gold deposit.It also estimated the rates viscosity varied in these lime interval.We took the thickness of dike at the intersection of the cooling time—thickness curve and the rates viscosity varied versus thickness curve as the minimum critical thickness.For the ore-bearing fluids effectively injecting into the magma,the minimum critical thicknesses for the three representative dikes are 33.45 m for granite porphyry,8.22 m for quartz diorite and 1.02 m for diabase,indicating that ore-bearing dikes must be thicker than each value.These results are consistent with the occurrence of ore bodies,and thus they could be applied in practice.Based on the statistical relationship between the length and the width of dikes.these critical thicknesses are used to compute critical areas:0.0003—0.0016 km~2 for diabase. 0.014—0.068 km~2 for quartz diorite and 0.011—0.034 km~2 for granite porphyry.This implies that orebearing minor intrusions have varied areas corresponding to their composition.The numerical simulation has provided the theoretical threshold of exposed thickness and area of the ore-bearing intrusion.These values can be used to determine the ore-forming potentials of dikes.     

冀东牛心山金矿区岩浆岩特征及其成因探讨

本区岩浆岩以花岗岩为主体,只在岩浆演化晚期有少量中性岩岩墙。岩浆演化及岩石化学、稀土元素、同位素等特征表明,岩浆是燕山运动早期构成下地壳的基性物质经部分重熔形成,熔融早期最低熔融组分形成花岗岩浆,进一步重熔,晚期形成少量中性岩浆。     

The dunite bodies, websterite and orthopyroxenite dikes of the Leka ophiolite complex, Norway

Summary The investigated mantle section of the Leka ophiolite complex extends 1.4 km from and 1.1 km along the exposed Moho. The foliated peridotite contains numerous tabular and elongated dunite bodies, orthopyroxenite dikes, websterite veins, and dikes. The foliation of the peridotite is inclined by about 45° to the Moho. The dunite bodies and the dikes cut the foliation at low angles. The dunite bodies vary in width from 0.1 to 50 m and in length from 10 m to more than 1 km. Wider dunite bodies are commonly surrounded by 0 to 1.0 m wide margins of dunitized peridotite. Websterite veins may be present outside these margins. Apart from sporadic chromite layers the dunite is very homogenous. The dunite bodies are considered to have formed by deposition of olivine along the walls of dikes originally containing tholeiitic melt. The tholeiitic melt at first heated the peridotitic sidewalls so that they became partially molten and dunitized. The ascending magma then eroded the sidewalls and removed olivine as xenocrysts. When the ascent rate decreased, the temperature of the sidewalls decreased, so that olivine (Fo_89–92) began to crystallize along the dike walls. There is also evidence for percolative melt migration along foliation planes, however, the largest proportion of the melts intruded along dikes. The websterite dikes are mostly 1 to 4 cm wide and 3 to 20 m long and dispersed with mutual distances of 20–50 m. The websterite veins and dikes probably originated from melts that were generated along the heated sidewalls of the dunite bodies. The 0.02 to 10 m wide orthopyroxenite dikes have exceptionally high MgO contents for their SiO₂ contents; about 36 wt.% MgO and 50 wt.% SiO₂. They may have formed as segregates from a SiO₂-rich magma, although the parent magma does not appear to have been boninitic. The parent magma may instead have formed by second stage partial melting of depleted lherzolite.     

花岗岩体的累积生长与高结晶度岩浆的分异

花岗岩成因研究是认识大陆地壳形成和分异的有效方式。野外地质和地球物理观测、岩石学和地质年代学研究以及热演化模拟证明,很多花岗岩体是在数百万年甚至更长的时间跨度内、由多次岩浆累积添加侵位而成的。地壳内可能不存在岩基尺度的大岩浆房,具有流动能力的岩浆体一般规模很小(宽度1000m)。1000m宽的岩浆体冷凝到固相线只需要数千年时间。复式岩体的形成一般要经历三个阶段,即源区岩浆沿岩墙的上升、在脆-韧性地层界面处岩墙转化为岩床以及无数的岩床的垂向堆垛导致侵入体长大。存在于上地壳的岩浆储库,特别是多次先后侵位产生的岩浆体,主体上是晶粥体,其晶体含量高,粘度大,活动性弱,不利于发生对流、分异和混合。当幔源镁铁质岩浆大规模注入到地壳时,使粘稠的晶粥状岩浆受到加热,熔体含量增大,岩浆的粘度降低,引起岩浆体内部的成分分异和不同成分的岩浆之间的混合;当逐渐加厚的熔体层产生了足够大的浮力后,特别是有挥发份加入后,就会快速上升,甚至穿透上部的晶粥体,触发大规模的火山喷发。幔源岩浆的通量越大,地壳岩浆的活动性也越强,大规模的长英质岩浆聚集就可能发生大喷发,形成超级火山。本文提出,只有将侵入岩与火山岩相结合、长英质岩石与镁铁质岩石相结合,重点从侵入体形成的时间长短、岩浆相互作用的规模和频率、岩浆通量的演变、高结晶度的岩浆分异机理、侵入岩与火山岩的关系、地幔热和物质的贡献、挥发份在岩浆分异和火山喷发中的作用等方面入手,开展野外地质、岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学及岩浆动力学的综合研究,才能深入认识花岗岩的成因机制,深化对大陆地壳形成和演化过程的理解。     

关于岩浆上升速度计算的新探索

本文应用流体力学中L.Rayleigh分析法和Buckingham的π定律来估算岩浆活动中一个重要的动力参数——岩浆上升速度,以期避开岩浆究竟属牛顿流体还是非牛顿流体这一尚存争议的问题。作为初步尝试,此法在研究岩浆活动的各种动力参数时是值得重视的。     

Origin of composite dikes in the Gouldsboro granite, coastal Maine

Composite dikes, consisting of aphyric basaltic margins and phenocryst-rich rhyolitic interiors, cut the Gouldsboro granite of coastal Maine at many localities. Limited hybridization (exchange of crystals, commingling, and mixing) occurs in most of the dikes and indicates that the two magmas were contemporaneous with emplacement of rhyolitic magma following closely in time the initial emplacement of the basaltic dike. Petrographic characteristics and geochemistry indicate that the source of the rhyolite was resident magma in the Gouldsboro granite magma chamber. The composite dikes formed when basaltic dikes ruptured the Gouldsboro magma chamber, permitting partly crystallized magma from the margin of the chamber to flow outward into the center of the basaltic dikes. Field relations of similar composite dikes in other areas (e.g., Iceland, Scotland) are consistent with this model. A second type of composite dike (silicic margins with chilled basaltic pillows) commonly cuts mafic intrusions along the Maine coast and probably formed when a granitic dike ruptured an established chamber of mafic magma, permitting resident mafic magma to collapse downward into the still Liquid granitic dike. Most composite dikes have probably formed when a magma chamber was disrupted by a dike of contrasting magma rather than by tapping a stratified magma chamber.     

Origin,age and petrogenesis of Neoproterozoic composite dikes from the Arabian‐Nubian Shield,SW Jordan

The evolution of a Pan‐African (c. 900–550 Ma) suite of composite dikes, with latite margins and rhyolite interiors, from southwest Jordan is discussed. The dikes cut the Neoproterozoic calc‐alkaline granitoids and high‐grade metamorphic rocks (c. 800–600 Ma) of the northern Arabian‐Nubian Shield in Jordan and have been dated by the Rb‐Sr isochron method at 566±7 Ma. The symmetrically distributed latite margins constitute less than one‐quarter of the whole dike thickness. The rhyolite intruded a median fracture within the latite, while the latter was still hot but completely solidified. The dikes are alkaline and bimodal in composition with a gap in SiO₂ between 61 and 74 wt%. Both end members display similar chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns. The rhyolites display the compositional signature of A‐type granites. The (La/Lu)_N values are 6.02 and 4.91 for latites and rhyolites, respectively, and the rhyolites show a pronounced negative Eu anomaly, in contrast to the slight negative Eu anomaly of the latites. The chemical variability (e.g. Zr/Y, Zr/Nb, K/Rb) within and between latites and rhyolites does not support a fractional crystallization relationship between the felsic and mafic members of the dikes. We interpret the magma genesis of the composite dikes as the result of intrusion of mantle‐derived mafic magma into the lower crust in an extensional tectonic regime. The mafic magma underwent extensive fractional crystallization, which supplied the necessary heat for melting of the lower crust. The products of the initial stages of partial melting (5–10%) mixed with the fractionating mafic magma and gave rise to the latite melts. Further partial melting of the lower crust (up to 30%) produced a felsic melt, which upon 50% fractional crystallization (hornblende 15%, biotite 5%, feldspars 60%, and quartz 20%) gave rise to the rhyolitic magma. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Origin of the Felsic and Basaltic Dikes and Flows in the Rajula-Palitana-Sihor Area of the Deccan Traps,Saurashtra, India: A Geochemical and Geochronological Study

Rhyolite, trachyte, pitchstone, and granophyre dikes are associated with mafic dolerite dikes and basaltic flows of the northwestern part of the Deccan flood basalt province in the Saurashtra Peninsula, India. Felsic dikes, exposed in the Rajula area of Saurashtra, are similar in age to the basaltic flows of neighboring Palitana. The ages of both the felsic and mafic rocks straddle the ~65 Ma Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and correspond to the main Deccan flood basalt episode. Palitana is centered on an elongated gravity high whose major axis is NE-SW, and Rajula is located on its southwestern flank. Unlike the younger Bombay felsic rocks from the western coast of India, which have been explained as partial melts of gabbros in deep crustal sills or previously erupted basalts, the incompatible-element characteristics of the Rajula rocks indicate that the Rajula rhyolites, trachytes, and dacites may have been generated by an almost complete melting of upper crustal rocks at the southwestern flank of the Rajula-Palitana-Sihor magmatic body. High potential temperatures of the Deccan plume, quick migration of the hot basaltic parent magma through lithospheric weak trends, and collection and residence of magma in upper-crustal magma chambers before eruption may have produced the right conditions to melt the upper crust in the vicinity of the Rajula-Palitana-Sihor magma chamber. On the other hand, the andesite located northeast of the magmatic body possibly evolved by assimilation of upper-crustal wall rocks accompanied by 5-10% crystallization of a Rajula-type basalt near the wall of the magma chamber. The Sihor rhyolites may also have been derived from the Sihor basalts through fractional crystallization accompanied by crustal assimilation. The Rajula granophyres, however, do not show any involvement of the upper crust in their genesis. These may have a history similar to that of the Bombay rocks and may have erupted in response to rifting along the Cambay rift.     

甘肃金川铜镍(铂)硫化物矿床中高镁辉绿岩脉的发现及其意义

位于华北板块西缘赋存于超镁铁质岩中的金川矿床,是目前世界第三大镍硫化物矿床.金川铜镍硫化物矿床的原生岩浆问题一直存在着较大的争议,前人通过研究金川铜镍硫化物矿体中的堆晶橄榄岩中橄榄石的成分,从而推导原生岩浆的成分.而作者通过对金川铜镍硫化物矿体内部的基性岩脉深入研究,从另一个角度探究金川铜镍硫化物矿床的原生岩浆成分.通过对岩脉岩相学、主量元素的研究表明金川铜镍硫化物矿体中的岩脉主要是辉绿岩,因其MgO的含量的不同可以划分为高镁辉绿岩和低镁辉绿岩.辉绿岩脉的主量元素和微量元素显示这两类岩脉发生过分离结晶作用.PGE元素特征显示辉绿岩脉和金川矿床是同一期次产物,Pmelts的模拟演化得出本文中辉绿岩脉的液相线矿物橄榄石的牌号为Fo86,与金川矿床发现最高牌号Fo86一致.同时Ol-CATS-Q相图表明JC100925-5样品形成的源区在3GPa以上.多种因素显示这种高镁的岩浆是金川矿区的原生岩浆.