塔里木盆地阿图什—八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究

通过大量野外地质调查和深部物探（地震剖面、MT和重力）综合构造解释，在位于东起八盘水磨，西对乌鲁克恰特以西的南天山前陆冲断带中，确定了阿图什－八盘水磨反冲构造系统及其三角带构造；该反冲系统由小阿图什－八盘水磨和乌尔－喀拉套山反冲构造系统及小阿图什－乌鲁克恰特被变形的反冲构造系统组成；即在以往认为南天山向塔里木盆地大规模中推覆的地区，塔里木盆地美国层第四纪以来沿多组滑脱面向天山新生代造山带反冲推覆。塔里木盆地反冲构造系统发育的区域基底埋深往往大于10km，对应麦盖提基底构造下凹区，而相邻柯坪塔格薄皮推覆构造系统发育的区域基底埋深一般小于10km,对应巴楚基底构造上隆区；逆冲和反冲构造转换带基底埋深约10km,平衡剖面恢复表明弧形逆冲和反冲构造顶部分别为逆冲和反冲位移量最大位置。     

帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征

归纳了帕米尔东北缘弧形构造的基本特征 ,分析了塔里木盆地西北部EW向逆断裂背斜带与NNW向隐伏走滑断裂之间的关系。通过塔里木盆地与西南天山和帕米尔东北缘变形特征的对比 ,认为塔里木盆地西北部的变形样式与帕米尔东北缘的弧形构造类似 ,弧形构造具有由帕米尔东北缘向塔里木盆地扩展的特征 ,这种构造是帕米尔向北挤入运动所特有的变形样式     

天山-帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究

利用流动地震台阵记录的地震数据,通过地震层析技术反演了天山—帕米尔结合带的P波速度结构,揭示出地壳结构的非均匀特征及其与地震活动的对应关系. 分析结果表明,天山和西昆仑的双向挤压导致塔里木西部边缘地壳严重变形,在山前地区形成基底隆起带,地壳深部则被断裂分割成为若干块体,有的块体可能卷入造山带内部;喀什坳陷地壳深部结构相对完整,变形程度较弱;天山和西昆仑的地壳结构显示出缩短增厚的波速特性,在与塔里木接壤的局部地区,壳幔边界附近存在热物质的侵入迹象. 大部分地震都发生在塔里木西部边缘的壳内高速块体周围,推测块体之间的相互作用和应力调整是导致天山—帕米尔结合带频繁发生地震的主要原因,伽师地震则与构造变形由天山向塔里木内部扩展以及该地区的地壳非均匀结构有关.     

塔里木盆地阿图什-八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究

通过大量野外地质调查和深部物探 (地震剖面、MT和重力 )综合构造解释 ,在位于东起八盘水磨 ,西至乌鲁克恰特以西的南天山前陆冲断带中 ,确定了阿图什 -八盘水磨反冲构造系统及其三角带构造 ;该反冲系统由小阿图什 -八盘水磨和乌尔 -喀拉套山反冲构造系统及小阿图什 -乌鲁克恰特被变形的反冲构造系统组成 ;即在以往认为南天山向塔里木盆地大规模逆冲推覆的地区 ,塔里木盆地盖层第四纪以来沿多组滑脱面向天山新生代造山带反冲推覆。塔里木盆地反冲构造系统发育的区域基底埋深往往大于 10km ,对应麦盖提基底构造下凹区 ,而相邻柯坪塔格薄皮推覆构造系统发育的区域基底埋深一般小于 10km ,对应巴楚基底构造上隆区 ;逆冲和反冲构造转换带基底埋深约10km ,平衡剖面恢复表明弧形逆冲和反冲构造顶部分别为逆冲和反冲位移量最大位置     

Depositional architecture of the tertiary tectonic sequences and their response to foreland tectonism in the Kuqa depression, the Tarim Basin

The Tertiary Kuqa depression is a foreland basin generated by flexural subsidence resulting from the southward thrusting of the southern Tianshan Mountains. Tertiary basin fills of the depression can be classified into four tectonic sequences bounded by gentle angular unconformities. The sequences are composed of two parts, the lower transgressive and the upper progradational successions, which are separated by a regional maximum transgressive surface. The development of these sequences is attributed to the foreland tectonic process from flexural subsidence caused by thrust loading to rebounded uplift due to the erosion and stress release. The generation of the angular unconformities defining the tectonic sequences has been interpreted as the result of the rebounded uplift and the following thrusting. It has been found that there is a significant difference in depositional pattern between the northeastern and the northwestern margins. The relatively strong thrusting and mountain building occurring along the northwestern margin resulted in the development of thick-bedded alluvial fan and angular unconformities. The northeastern margin, in contract, lacks thick alluvial fan accumulation due to weak thrusting. This difference is likely related to the pre-existing east-west partition of the basin basement.     

西南天山-塔里木盆地结合带浅深构造关系 ——深地震反射剖面的初步揭露

盆山结合部的浅-深结构样式是进行陆内造山动力学研究与讨论的重要依据.2007年,在喀什东的天山与塔里木盆地之间的过渡带上,完成了一条近南北向的长度为121 km的主动源深地震反射剖面,显示出盆山结合部现今地壳尺度的构造格架.剖面南部呈现出10~12 km巨厚的沉积盖层,沉积盖层内发育滑脱断层;盆山结合部多排隆起构造以及天山山前上地壳显现出向北倾斜的断裂与地表地质观察吻合;盆山结合带展现出滑脱与逆冲推覆构造相关的断层褶皱;与塔里木盆地稳定沉积层相比,在南天山浅、中层地层受到强烈的变形改造,导致地层比较破碎,反射变弱、连续性较差;时间剖面上可以追踪到比较连续的Moho反射,从南向北有加深的趋势.深地震反射剖面揭露出的西南天山与塔里木盆地的这些浅-深构造,展现出塔里木盆地盖层向南天山滑脱与南天山向塔里木盆地逆冲推覆的特征,反映出陆内汇聚下的盆山耦合关系.     

1902年新疆阿图什8(1/4)级地震形变特征与发震模式初探

在收集、分析前人资料及野外考察的基础上 ,重点研究了 190 2年阿图什 8 级地震形变特征与区域地震构造环境的关系 ,并结合震中区的地球物理探测成果 ,对该地震的发震模式进行了探讨。认为 ,阿图什大震的发生是塔里木与南天山两大块体相向对冲挤压的结果。较大的震源深度 ,使得震中区变形以较大规模和范围的崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝等重力地质现象为主 ,浅部薄皮活动构造亦发生了同震破裂及褶皱变形     

柯坪塔格推覆体的新生代变形与扩展

柯坪塔格推覆体位于天山西南麓。新生代以来,由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞,天山晚古生代褶皱和断裂构造重新复活隆起,并向南北两侧推挤,在前陆盆地中渐进式地形成多排褶皱-逆断裂带。文中讨论了皮羌近SN向断裂带以西推覆体的新生代变形与扩展特征。结果表明,推覆体的新生代变形为波浪式差异性隆起。从天山南侧到塔里木盆地方向,构成推覆体的各排褶皱-逆断裂带的形成顺序有先后之分,早期形成的靠近天山,晚期形成的靠近塔里木盆地,反映推覆体在形成过程中由北向南的扩展,其扩展距离最大约76km。除此之外,各排褶皱-逆断裂带前缘都由多条断裂组成,它们与褶皱伴生,具有不同的形成和新活动时代。早期形成的断裂靠近山地一侧,晚期形成的断裂靠近盆地一侧,反映褶皱-逆断裂带单排前缘断裂也具有由北向南扩展的性质,其扩展距离为100~500m。最后,对推覆体扩展的形成机制进行了讨论     

祁连山西段酒西盆地区阶地构造变形的研究

对祁连山西段酒西盆地晚第四纪阶地的研究表明,该区早第四纪以挤压褶皱、逆冲为特征的构造变形在晚更新世期间乃至全新世仍继承性地进行着,表现为横穿褶皱和逆断裂带的河流及冲沟阶地面的形成、阶地类型的转变、阶地级数的增多和阶地面被断错或发生拱曲变形．其中祁连山北缘大断裂晚更新世晚期以来的垂直运动速率约为１．９２～２．００ｍｍ／ａ．老君庙背斜逆断裂带在晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为１．１５～２．５６ｍｍ／ａ．白杨河背斜逆断裂带晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为０．３２～０．５８ｍｍ／ａ．     

Paleostructural geomorphology of the Paleozoic central uplift belt and its constraint on the development of depositional facies in the Tarim Basin

Inclined eastward and consisting of the Hetianhe, Hetianhedong, Tazhong paleouplifts and Bachu paleoslope, the central paleouplift belt in the Tarim Basin was a large composite paleouplift and paleoslope belt with complicated palaeogeomorphic features during the Middle to early Late Ordovician. A number of paleostructural geomorphic elements have been identified in the paleouplift belt and surrounding areas, such as the high uplift belts, the faulted uplift platforms, the marginal slopes and slope break zones flanking the paleouplift belt, the surrounding shelf slopes or low relief ramps, the shelf slope break zones and deep basin plains. They exerted great influence on the development of paleogeography of the basin. The marginal slopes and slope break zones flanking the uplift belt constrained the formation and deposition of the high-energy facies including reefal and shoal deposits during the Late Ordovician, which comprise the major reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic in the basin. Toward the end of the Ordovician, the Tazhong paleouplift hinged westward and became a westward-dipped nose as the southeastern margin of the basin was strongly compressed and uplifted. The tectono-paleogeomorphic framework of the central northern basin during the Early Silurian and the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous changed remarkably in topography from the initial low in east and high in west to high in northeast and low in southwest. The major paleogeomorphic elements developed in these periods included the strong eroded uplift high, the uplift marginal slope, the gentle ramp of the depression margin and the depression belt. The sandstones of the lowstand and the early transgressive systems tracts were deposited along the uplift marginal slopes and the gentle ramps of the depressions comprise the prolific reservoirs in the basin. The study indicates that the distribution patterns of the unconformities within the basin are closely related to the paleogeomorphic features and evolution of the paleouplift belt. From the high uplift belt to the depression, we found the composed unconformity belts at the high uplift, the truncated and onlap triangular unconformity belts along the uplift marginal slopes, the minor angular unconformity or discontinuity belts along the transitional zones from the uplift marginal slopes to depression and the conformity belt in the central depression. The truncated and the onlap triangular unconformity belts are the favorable zones for the formation of stratigraphic trap reservoirs. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40372056) and Frontier Research Project of Marine Facies     

中国陆域磁性基底深度及其特征

前寒武纪变质基底的起伏变化特征和沉积盖层的厚度变化对研究地质构造、能源和资源勘探具有重要意义.而前寒武纪变质基底与沉积盖层之间通常存在一定的磁性差异,这就为利用航磁资料研究磁性基底深度提供了地球物理条件.本文集合了中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心30多年来编制的中国陆域30多个盆地和地区的磁性基底深度图以及补算的部分地区磁性基底深度,经过统一坐标系、统一比例尺之后编制了1/100万比例尺的中国陆域磁性基底深度图(成图比例尺为1/250万).研究结果表明,以E105°线为界,我国西部地区沉积坳陷区盖层厚度大,集中分布在塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地和西藏地区;东部地区沉积坳陷区盖层厚度整体上相对较薄,主要分布在松辽盆地、二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、华北南部盆地、四川盆地、南黄海—苏北盆地等,但最厚处在四川盆地的西南部和鄂尔多斯盆地西缘.这些研究成果展现了我国前寒武纪变质基底和具有一定规模的岩浆岩侵入岩体的深度变化特征,同时反映了沉积盖层的厚度和赋存现状,可直观了解各种类型的沉积盆地和沉积坳陷区的深度和范围,为寻找基底之上油气藏提供了直接依据.     

国内外前陆盆地油气藏特征分析与初步认识

前陆盆地是世界上不同的含油气盆地原型中油气最富集的一类,石油地质条件优越,具有较大的勘探潜力,本文对比分析了国内外前陆盆地及其周缘造山带之间的的盆山耦合关系及油气藏的控制因素与分布规律,在此基础上形成了对国内外前陆盆地油气藏特征的初步认识,认为国外典型前陆盆地结构较为单一,一般叠置于被动大陆边缘或弧后盆地之上,而中国中西部典型前陆盆地基底结构十分复杂,具有多演化阶段、多成因类型特点,油气的分布主要与褶皱冲断带的发育特征有.     

天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题

天山是大陆内部典型的新生代复活造山带，其新生代构造变形的方式，变形量，速度及过程等对于认识大陆内部造山带的变形机理有着重要的意义。本文在对南北天山主要活动构造地质填图和综合研究的基础上，重点探讨了天山的晚新生代构造变形特征及其动力学问题。早更新世以来，特别是早，中更新世之间，天山的构造活动由内部向南北两侧扩展，使得两侧的新生代凹陷逐渐褶皱成山，形成数排新生代褶皱带，整个天山的现代构造活动是一种扇形     

Poly-phase salt tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim superimposed basin, northwest China

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the poly-phase salt tectonics and its relation to the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Tarim superimposed basin. Several salt sequences are developed in the Tarim basin, they are: (1) the Mid-Early Cambrian salt sequence, mainly distributed in the west part of the north Tarim uplift and Keping uplift; (2) the Early Carboniferous salt sequence, mainly distributed in the south slope of the north Tarim uplift; (3) the Paleogene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the mid-west part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt and north Tarim uplift; and (4) the Miocene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the east part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt sequences deposited in the tectonically calm scenario, while the salt layers deformed during the period of intense tectonism. Although the salt sequences are characteristic of plastic flow, the differences of salt deformation styles exist in the different salt sequences because of the different deformation mechanism. It is attractive that the distribution of the large oil-gas fields or pools has a bearing upon the salt sequences and salt structures, such as the Tahe oilfield related to the Lower Carboniferous salt sequence and laterally facies changed mudstone, the Kela No.2 gas field to the Paleogene salt structures, and the Dina gas field to the Miocene salt structures. It is indicated that the large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the poly-phase salt sequences and structures. The deep analysis of the poly-phase salt tectonics is helpful to understanding the characteristics of the structural deformation and oil-gas accumulation of the Tarim basin.     

新疆天山地区壳幔S波速度结构特征及变形分析

天山地区地质构造复杂,地震活动频繁,其壳幔变形和深部结构一直受到学者们的高度关注.然而,由于天山地区地震台站资料较少,致使壳幔变形研究结果与解释存在诸多争议.本研究利用在天山地区（40°N-46°N,78°E-92°E）新布设的11个流动宽频带地震台站和该地区39个固定台站的观测资料,采用接收函数与面波联合反演方法,获得了研究区地壳厚度及壳幔S波速度结构.反演结果显示天山地区（41.5°N-44°N,78°E-88°E）平均地壳厚度为56 km,塔里木盆地（40°N-41.5°N,79°E-90°E）、准噶尔盆地（44°N-46°N,82°E-90°E）和吐鲁番盆地（42°N-43°N,88°E-90°E）具有较厚的沉积层,地壳平均厚度为43 km、53 km和46 km,整体表现为天山厚、盆地相对较薄的特征;在研究区南天山的最高峰（42°N,80.5°E）及北天山的最高峰（43.5°N,86°E）附近,中下地壳存在较厚的低速层,我们认为在强烈挤压作用下低速、低强度的中下地壳强烈变形可能是导致该区域快速隆升的主要原因.在研究区中部,位于塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地之间的天山地区,中下地壳及上地幔均存在低速层,且盆地莫霍面向天山倾斜明显.结合前人的研究成果推测,在南北向构造挤压应力作用下,塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地发生了向天山造山带方向的双向壳幔层间插入俯冲.在研究区东部,塔里木盆地东北缘与天山东部接触带的地壳内没有明显的低速层,推测应处在早期挤压变形状态,该区域的壳幔边界为缓变的速度梯度带,可能与上地幔热物质侵入或渗透有关.     

Wave coupling between the Tianshan orogen and the deformations in its south and north foreland basins in Cenozoic

Attention has been paid to the deformations in the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains and their relations to the tectonic movements of the mountains. Based on the seismic data interpretation and field work,the tectonic features,tectonic styles,controlling factors of deformation,deformation time,and their relationships in the three tectonic units were comparably studied. The Ce-nozoic deformations in the two foreland basins were characterized by zonation from south to north,segmentation from west to east,and layering from deep to shallow. The tectonic styles are compres-sive ones,including both basement-involved and cover-detaching. The two foreland basins underwent several times of deformation in Cenozoic and the deformations were transmitted from the Tianshan orogen to the inner basin. The deformation dynamics of the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains can be represented by dynamics of orogenic wedges. In terms of the deformations of the wedges with wave-like features,the concept of a wave orogenic wedge was put forward,and a double wave orogenic wedge model was established.     

中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像

根据横跨中国境内天山的库车—奎屯宽频带流动地震台阵和区域地震台网记录的近震和远震P波走时数据,利用地震层析成像方法重建了沿该地震台阵剖面下方400 km深度范围内地壳上地幔的P波速度结构.结果表明：沿新疆库车—奎屯剖面,天山地壳具有明显的横向分块结构,且南、北天山地壳显示了较为强烈的横向变形特征,表明塔里木地块对天山地壳具有强烈的侧向挤压作用;在塔里木和准噶尔地块上地幔顶部有厚度约60～90 km的高速异常体,塔里木—南天山下方的高速异常体产生了较为明显的弯曲变形,而准噶尔—北天山下方的高速异常体向南一直俯冲到中天山南侧边界下方300 km的深度,两者形成了不对称对冲构造;在塔里木和准噶尔地块下方150～400 km深度存在上地幔低速体,其中塔里木地块一侧的上地幔低速物质上涌到南天山地块的下方;在塔里木—南天山200～300 km深度范围的上地幔存在高速异常体,它可能是地幔热物质向上迁移过程融断的塔里木岩石圈的拆离体. 上述结果表明,塔里木地块的俯冲可能涉及整个岩石圈深度,但其前缘仅限于南天山的北缘;青藏高原隆升的远程效应可能不但驱动塔里木岩石圈向北俯冲,同时还造成天山造山带南侧上地幔物质的涌入;天山造山带上地幔广泛存在的低速异常有助于其上地幔的变形,而上地幔物质的强烈非均匀性应有助于推动天山造山带上地幔小尺度地幔对流的形成;根据研究区地壳上地幔速度结构特征推断,新近纪以来天山快速隆升的主要力源来自青藏高原快速隆升的远程效应,相对软弱的上地幔为加速天山造山带的变形和隆升创造了必要条件.     

龙门山南段前陆区晚第四纪构造变形样式

龙门山中南段前陆区是青藏高原东缘唯一发育新生代薄皮构造与沉积盆地的地段,研究其最新构造变形样式有助于深入理解青藏高原向东扩展的构造机理.论文通过青衣江河流阶地测量与古青衣江洪积扇形态重建,研究了龙门山南段前陆区晚第四纪活动构造格局及其活动性,取得了如下认识：（1）青衣江河流阶地纵剖面显示,龙门山南段前陆地区晚第四纪变形主要为褶皱作用,总体地壳缩短速率为2.5~3.9 mm·a^-1,远大于山区冲断带0.48~0.77 mm·a^-1的地壳缩短速率,地壳缩短主要由前陆地区吸收;（2）青衣江古洪积扇错断变形显示,龙门山南段前陆区活动构造表现为北西—南东向地壳缩短与近东西向的地壳缩短的叠加作用,两者分别受控于巴颜喀拉块体南东向推挤作用与川滇块体向东推挤作用;（3）自中新世初川滇块体向南东挤出,四川盆地西南角起到分流青藏高原物质的作用,其西南侧物质通过鲜水河—小江断裂带的左旋错动向南东方向分流,其西北侧物质通过龙门山断裂带的右旋错动向北东方向分流,迎面受到了最大的推挤作用,进而向前陆扩展形成了薄皮褶皱构造带.     

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力     

A finite difference study on the basement structure beneath the Tianshan Orogen

We use the Pg seismic phase along the Korla-Jimsar profile across the Tianshan orogen and the 3D finite difference method to inverse the velocity structure of the upper crust beneath the basement of this mountain. Based on the velocity structure, the Korla-Jimsar profile can be divided into three parts, i.e. the north edge of the Tarim basin, the Tianshan orogen, and the south margin of the Junggar basin. Within the Tianshan there is a pattern of four convexities and three concavities, which correspond to the southern Tianshan, the Yanqi basin, the middle Tianshan, the Turpan basin, and the Bogda Mountains. In the north edge of the Tarim basin, the basement is about 10km deep with small lateral variations of velocity. In the Tianshan the velocity varies greatly laterally. The basement depth of the Yanqi basin is 6 km, which becomes shallow rapidly northward, and almost to the surface at the middle Tianshan. South to Kumux there is a small intermountain basin, where the maximum basement depth is 3 km, and also turns very shallow near Kumux. The Luntai fault, which bounds the Tarim basin and Tianshan, has vertical dislocation of about 5 km. The Turpan basin is covered with so thick a sediment that its basement is 7 km deep. The boundary fault between the Tianshan and Turpan is the Bolohoro fault which is characterized by quick deepening basement and 7 km vertical dislocation. In the Junggar basin the basement is 8 km deep. On the Korla-Jimsar profile, the velocity distribution of the upper crust and the structure are featured by NS symmetry on both sides of the axis of the Middle Tianshan, consistent with the deep structure revealed by this profile. It means that the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin underthrust toward the Tianshan from south and north, respectively. Such a structural style is different from that of another profile, i.e. the Xayar-Burjing profile, suggesting that there may be an important tectonic boundary between these two profiles.