山东章丘地区三叠纪地层研究新进展

山东基岩区三叠系一直缺少化石依据(隐伏区已发现三叠纪化石),前人在该套地层底部发现了铱等元素异常,认为可作为划分三叠纪地层的时代依据。在1/25万《淄博市幅》区域地质调查中,于该地层中首次发现了孢粉化石,结合铱元素等异常特征,经区域对比确定其时代为早—中三叠世,认为区内原“孙家沟组”相当于华北地区的刘家沟组+和尚沟组,原“刘家沟组”则相当于二马营组。     

辽西建昌县玲珑塔含翼龙和带羽毛恐龙化石地层层序和时代归属

最近辽西建昌地区报道发现了一系列带羽毛恐龙和翼龙化石, 其赋存化石的地层层位时代一直富有争议。我们结合前人资料对玲珑塔含化石地层剖面进行了野外调查和实测, 厘定了含化石地层沉积层序和时代归属。剖面顶底岩石组合特征主要以溢流相中性熔岩和近火山口相火山碎屑岩为主, 中间层位为河流相-湖泊相碎屑岩。该剖面产有大量叶肢介、介形类、双壳类、昆虫、鱼类、植物化石和大量脊椎动物化石。上述化石指示含恐龙化石地层时代为中侏罗世。通过区域对比认为含恐龙化石地层与区域上髫髻山组地层层序和岩石组合相似, 因此认为含恐龙化石地层为中侏罗世髫髻山组(火山岩同位素年代学年龄范围为152~165 Ma)。     

青海西宁盆地三趾马、副板齿犀化石的发现及意义

首次在青海西宁盆地新近纪河湖相沉积地层中发现了三趾马、副板齿犀牙齿化石,对化石的基本特征和埋藏情况进行了描述,三趾马化石经鉴定为东乡三趾马。结合区域和前人资料认为,本次发现化石的岩石地层应该属于咸水河组或以上层位,时代为晚中新世早期。分析前人孢粉资料认为化石形成时的古植被为森林-草原,古气候环境为亚热带干旱气候环境。这一发现为西宁盆地晚新生代河湖相地层格架的建立,提供了古生物学依据,对西宁盆地中新世地层确立起到时序标尺的作用。为青藏高原东北缘盆地的环境演化、地层划分、时代厘定提供了新的资料,对深入研究青藏高原隆升环境效具有重要意义。同时,也为青藏高原东北缘、华北地区、青藏高原三趾马动物群进行对比研究,提供了基础材料。     

西昌野猪塘组发现直立轮藻化石

在前人划分的下二叠统中发现Sycidium化石。笔者讨论了该化石层位的时代归属,认为含Sycidium haikouense—S.lagenarium组合的野猪塘组属东岗岭期的沉积,大致相当于欧洲中泥盆统吉维特阶。     

青藏高原甜水海地区中泥盆统落石沟组地层的发现与厘定

1：25万《康西瓦》、《岔路口》等四幅区域地质调查中，在天神达坂一带，前人原划奥陶系冬瓜山组中发现丰富的古生物珊瑚和双孔层孔虫化石，经鉴定时代属中泥盆世，据其岩石组合特征结合区域地层对比，将其解体为中泥盆统落石沟组。     

四川省木里一带石炭纪邛依组的建立

四川木里一带的石炭纪地层，是一套区域浅变质碳酸盐岩、泥质岩、硅质岩及少量碎屑岩组合体，含牙形石、菊石、珊瑚类等化石，前人未建立岩石地层单位。笔者通过地层清理发现，该套地层顶底完整，层序、接触关系清楚，含有一定生物化石，岩性特征明显，具备建立岩石地层单位条件。故以木里邛依剖面为正层型剖面，将该套地层建立岩石地层单位－邛依组。本文对邛依组剖面进行了描述。     

四川省木里—带石炭纪邛依组的建立

四川木里一带的石炭纪地层，是一套区域浅变质碳酸盐岩、泥质岩、硅质岩及少量碎屑岩组合体，含牙形石、菊石、、珊瑚类等化石，前人未建立岩石地层单位。笔者通过地层清理发现，该套地层顶底完整，层序、接触关系清楚，含有一定生物化石，岩性特征明显，具备建立岩石地层单位条件。故以木里邛依剖面为正层型剖面，将该套地层建立岩石地层单位──邛依组。本文对邛依组剖面进行了描述。     

云南楚雄盆地东南缘安龙堡下侏罗统含恐龙化石地层的时代厘定

云南楚雄盆地东南部侏罗纪地层中富含以基干蜥脚型类为代表的恐龙化石。基干蜥脚型类在全球范围内尚未在中侏罗世地层中被发现,而1∶20万地质图中该区域含上述化石的层位被划入中侏罗统。笔者在安龙堡一带恐龙化石调查中,发现之前对该区域下侏罗统冯家河组划分有误。我们对冯家河组进行了重新厘定,并确定了该区域恐龙化石所在层位。厘定后该区域冯家河组为上三叠统舍资组和中侏罗统张河组之间的一套紫红色粉砂质泥岩,以及泥岩与紫红色-灰黄色粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩韵律互层,中部和顶部富含恐龙化石,时代为早侏罗世。通过岩石地层学与生物地层学研究,该区域下侏罗统冯家河组与上下地层间未发现明显的沉积间断,笔者推测其为连续沉积。连续沉积的下侏罗统在滇中十分罕见,尤其是该区域下侏罗统中部和顶部富含大量恐龙化石,为研究恐龙早期演化提供了重要的地质时代依据。     

藏西北日土县拉竹龙地区海相三叠系的发现和万泉河群的建立

西藏日土县北部拉竹龙地区雅西尔沟一带的一套碳酸盐岩建造的地层，前人将其划归雅西尔群，由于化石依据不足，将其时代错定为泥盆纪。本次工作在该套地层中新发现了大量属于早三叠世的双壳类和腹足类化石，从而为该套地层时代的确定提供了依据，同时根据岩石地层单位的定义将这套地层命名为万泉河群。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗地区古生界疑源类化石及其时代

内蒙古东部科尔沁右翼中旗地区出露一套古生代浅变质地层,长期以来在缺少大化石依据的前题下,仅依据岩性组合的区域对比,将其划归二叠系。近年结束的1∶5万区调,在该套地层中发现9属疑源类化石。将该9属疑源类化石与国内外已知时代地层的疑源类化石进行了对比研究,认为研究区发现的疑源类化石组合显示早寒武世的生物组合面貌,地层时代应厘定为早寒武世。研究区下寒武统的确定,为进一步研究大兴安岭中南段古生代地质构造演化提供了新的资料。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.