福州盆地MIS 3以来海侵层分布特征及指示盆地内部构造活动

福州盆地晚第四纪海侵-海退研究在近几十年内获得了较多的成果积累,已证实淤泥层可作为海侵活动的标识层。海侵层除了能够指示海平面上升,其在盆地内部的分布特征能够反演其沉积后期经历的构造活动。本研究在前人的基础上,收集了盆地内不同位置913根钻孔岩芯资料,分别提取全新世与MIS 3两次海侵层层顶、层底埋深、厚度以及现代地表高程等参数,对其进行相关性分析,并将两期次海侵层的厚度和层底埋深利用ArcGIS进行反距离权重插值分析,结合盆地内已探明的断裂构造,探讨盆地沉积中心的演变。结果表明,不同期次的海侵层在盆地内分布特征存在显著差异：1)全新世海侵层的层顶与层底埋深具有显著的正相关关系,层底埋深与海侵层厚度之间存在显著的负相关关系,而与现代地表高程也存在一定的正相关关系,表明全新世海侵层沉积以来盆地内部未发生明显的差异性构造沉降;2)MIS 3海侵层的层顶、层底埋深同样具有显著的正相关关系,而层底埋深与海侵层厚度之间有一定的负相关关系,但是相较全新世弱得多,层底埋深与现代地表高程不存在相关关系,表明MIS 3海侵层沉积以来盆地内部可能发生过差异性的构造沉降;3)ArcGIS反距离权重插值结果显示...     

广东全新世埋藏树木研究

广东很多地方有埋藏树木，可分为河床埋藏型和洼地埋藏型两大类型。根据现已掌握的^14C测年数据，可划分为早全新世、中全新世和晚全新世3个年代组。这些埋藏树木有一部分能很好反映地区新构造升降和海陆变迁。     

关中平原中西部地区全新世11 500—3 100 a BP成壤环境演变和沙尘暴活动研究

 全新世环境演变研究是过去全球变化研究的重点，也是当今全球变化研究的重点和热点。深入了解和研讨全新世成壤环境演变和沙尘暴活动对于丰富全新世环境变迁理论、认识现阶段的沙尘暴活动，促使人与自然环境协调发展都有着十分重要的意义。通过研究关中平原中西部地区全新世地层中粒度、磁化率、CaCO3和pH值四项指标，综合分析了本区全新世11 500—3 100 a BP期间的成壤环境演变及与之相关的沙尘暴活动信息。     

江汉平原全新世环境演变与湖群兴衰

论述全新世以来江汉平原环境的自然演变与人类活动的制约作用，及其湖群的兴衰过程。可分为早全新世低水面的湖群形成时期，中全新世高水面的湖群全盛时期和晚全新世人类制约下的湖群衰亡时期，由此引起环境恶化，污染加剧和土特产资源枯竭。     

全新世以来台湾西南部古环境演变

台湾位于欧亚大陆板块与菲律宾海洋板块的交会处,地体构造较为活跃．同时,受到古气候冰期与间冰期交互作用的影响,造成海平面上下变动,使得古环境产生变化．本研究利用钻孔岩心做地层分析、环境分析及岩心碳同位素定年等资料,了解台湾西南部地壳的活动性、环境演化与各时期海平面变动的历史．海岸线的变动,除了受到海平面变动的影响,亦受到构造沉降活动的控制．综合地壳升降以及海平面升降的数据,推估全新世6200 a BP、3100 a BP和l800 a BP3个海进时期当时的海岸线位置,分别为现今高程20m、10m及6m的位置,这些海平面的变化导致海岸线的迁移,同时影响着先民聚落遗址的变化．并且,利用前述数据推估得出嘉南平原与浊水溪冲积扇的沉积速率大约在3．9～4．5mm／a之间．     

秦岭北麓断裂带晚第四纪活动的地貌表现

本区地貌特征反映秦岭北麓断裂带的活动特点是：①第四纪以来主要发生垂直运动，其活动性质与程度有差异性、阶段性。第一、二级阶地的形态和年代资料表征秦岭北麓断裂带晚更新世和全新世垂直位错幅度和平均速率。②河流阶地在上升盘出口处高度大，而向上游逐渐减小，反映第四纪以来，秦岭断块山地继续发生由北向南的掀斜运动。③被断层切割的冲洪积扇体的结构和堆积层的产状特征，反映出山麓带多发育铲形断层。     

吉兰泰盐湖的形成,发育和演化

吉兰泰盐湖的演化过程有着明显的阶段性。根据地貌结构、沉积特征、盐化学特征以及人为活动对盐湖的影响,可以认为:全新世以来,吉兰泰盐湖演化大致经历了五个发展阶段:早全新世的咸水湖、中全新世早期的硫酸盐型盐湖、中全新世晚期的硫酸盐-氯化物型盐湖、晚全新世的氯化物型盐湖和现代干盐湖。现今由于人为活动的影响,盐湖正向沙下盐湖转化。     

全新世以来里下河地区古地理演变

里下河地区是苏北平原的重要组成部分，全新世以来，本区古地理环境经历了巨大的变化。据作者研究，大致可分为三个阶段：早全新世，本区受海侵影响，7－6kaB.P．左右海侵达到高峰，整个里下河地区成为一个大的浅水海湾；中全新世，海面相对稳定，长江、淮河等河流挟带大量泥沙入海，古海湾被岸外砂堤所包围，形成泻湖；晚全新世，海岸东迁，古泻湖演变为湖泊沼泽，在人类活动与黄河夺淮的影响下，本区逐渐演变为里下河平原。     

西安全新世环境变化及对人类活动的影响

为揭示西安地区全新世环境变化及其对人类活动的影响,论文运用土层元素含量、CaCO₃含量和磁化率等指标研究了白鹿塬全新世各土层发育时的环境变化。结果表明：该区的中全新世古土壤受到中等程度的化学风化,尚未达到脱钾阶段,土壤类型为亚热带黄棕壤。该层古土壤发育时的年均温度约为16 ℃,年均降水量约为920 mm。中全新世夏季风活动占主导地位,夏季风带来的降水量约为570 mm。晚全新世黄土受到低等程度的化学风化,具有碱性褐色土的特点,发育时的年均温度为11~13 ℃,年均降水量为600~700 mm。晚全新世夏季风活动与冬季风相近,夏季风带来的降水量在350 mm左右。在中全新世晚期的6000~5000 a BP之间,发生了气候变冷干的事件,在冷干事件期间土壤侵蚀强烈,当时堆积的黄土在广大地区受到侵蚀消失,仅在少数剖面存留。晚全新世黄土发育时的沙尘暴堆积率至少是中全新世古土壤发育时的2.3倍。中全新世气候温暖湿润,导致古土壤粘化强、持水性较好、含水量充足,非常利于当时温带作物和部分亚热带作物发展与农业生产,这是当时人类活动较强和村落分布较广的主要原因。晚全新世黄土也具有优良土壤的特性,当时降水量和土壤水分含量基本能够满足温带旱地农业生产的需要,这是晚全新世关中平原人类活动逐渐增强的重要原因之一。     

火山海岸与环境反馈——以海南岛火山海岸为例

海南岛火山海岸以沿小火山口形成的海蚀地貌以及全新世火山爆发使局部海湾抬升为海岸阶地、河口堵流并形成深切海湾以及促进了珊瑚礁发育为特征，火山活动改变了海岸带的地势、坡度、动力条件、沉积特征以及海岸演变趋势，海岸发育具有构造内动力、波浪、水流等外动力以及生物活动等多项作用影响。火山岩岩性与时代反映出北部湾湾底现代拉张构造活动。夏威夷火山造陆与板块移动形成岛链，近期熔岩流喷溢改变地貌与大气质量等为其特征     

新疆天山小尤尔都斯盆地全新世孢粉植物群与环境演变

通过对小洋都斯盆地剖面孢粉植物群的分析研究,结合沉积物,粒度只特征,探讨了小尤尔斯盆地全新世以来的环境演化;研究表明：全新世以来,小尤尔都斯盆地气候较理在略为湿润,曾在盆地中分布的草甸草原植被现在侧分布在海拔２７００－２９００ｍ的山地阴坡,四周山向盆地一侧曾有较大面积的云杉林分布。     

南极普里兹湾的海水化学特征

本文利用 1 989/1 990年度中国第六次南极考察期间所获得的调查资料 ,探讨了普里兹湾营养盐分布及其与生物生产力间的相互关系。结果表明 ,在艾默里冰架外侧存在大片温暖高盐水域 ,该水域真光层内营养盐含量较低 ,溶解氧饱和度高达 1 2 0 %,叶绿素 A含量大于 1 .0 0 mg/m3 ,表明了普里兹湾是南极高生产力区。化学要素垂直分布如温度一样出现了强跃层 ,并于3 5 0 m层出现了异常的营养盐垂直分布 ,但盐度无明显跃层存在。最后讨论了引起异常分布的原因。     

Structural analysis of dyke emplacement directions as an aid to palaeomagnetic studies: an example from northern Chile

A major problem in palaeomagnetic studies of intrusive rocks lies in determining whether or not such rocks have been subjected to post-emplacement tilting. Structural analysis of dyke emplacement directions can be used to show the current attitude of the extension direction for the dyke swarm. If the original extension direction, at the time of emplacement, can be deduced from geological evidence, this then provides a field test for post-emplacement tilting of the dyke swarm and its host rocks. In the example given from northern Chile, we were able to make a palaeomagnetic study of and structurally analyse three successively younger dyke swarms that intrude similarly younging plutons. All three dyke swarms yielded extension directions close to horizontal but with markedly different azimuths. It is argued that the similarity in the plunge of the extension directions cannot be coincidental and that the dykes and their host plutons have not suffered significant post-emplacement tilting. This simple technique should be widely applicable in the assessment of post-emplacement tilting of dykes in palaeomagnetic studies.     

A seismic reflection and GLORIA study of compressional deformation in the Gorringe Bank region, eastern North Atlantic

Seismic reflection and GLORIA side-scan sonar data obtained on RRS Charles Darwin cruise CD64 reveal new information on the styles of deformation in the Gorringe Bank region, at the eastern end of the Azores–Gibraltar plate boundary. Previous studies suggest that Gorringe Bank was formed by the overthrusting of a portion of the African plate upon the Eurasian plate. The new seismic data show, however, that the most intensely deformed region is located south of Gorringe Bank, on the northern flanks of a NW–SE-trending submarine ridge which includes the Ampere and Coral Patch seamounts. The deformation is expressed as long-wavelength (up to 60  km), large-amplitude (up to 800  m) folds in the sediments and underlying acoustic basement, which in places are associated with one or more reverse faults, and as a fabric of short-wavelength folds (up to 3  km) with a NE trend. In contrast, the same sedimentary units when traced beneath the flanking plains are undeformed, except for some faults with a small throw (~30  m), some of which offset the seafloor. GLORIA data show that recent deformation is broadly distributed over the region. Structural trends rotate from 45° in the west to 70° in the east of the region, nearly perpendicular to the NW-verging plate motion vectors as determined from plate kinematic models. Flexure modelling suggests that a portion of Gorringe Bank has loaded 152  Ma oceanic lithosphere and that a maximum of 50  km of shortening has occurred at Gorringe Bank since the mid-Miocene. Our observations support a model in which there is no single plate boundary in the region, rather that the deformation is distributed over a 200–330  km wide zone.     

Early Triassic palaeomagnetic results from the Ryeongnam Block, Korean Peninsula: the eastern extension of the North China Block

Greenish sandstones in the Early Triassic Nogam Formation of the Ryeongnam Block, Korean Peninsula were collected at 23 sites for palaeomagnetic study. A high-temperature magnetization component with unblocking temperatures of 670–690 °C was isolated from seven sites and yielded a positive fold test at the 95 per cent confidence level. The high-temperature component is interpreted to be of primary origin because the folding age is Middle Triassic. The Early Triassic palaeomagnetic direction for the Ryeongnam Block after tilt correction is D =347.1°, I =23.8° ( α ₉₅=5.5°). The palaeomagnetic pole (62.5°N, 336.8°E, A ₉₅ = 4.7°) shows good agreement with the coeval pole for the North China Block, suggesting that the Ryeongnam Block has been part of the North China Block at least since Early Triassic times. A tectonic history of the Korean Peninsula includes obduction of the eastern part of the South China Block onto the central part of the Korean Peninsula in the Permian, with the Ryeongnam Block geographically isolated from the main part of the North China Block. Collision of the North and South China blocks commenced initially at the Korean Peninsula, and suturing of the two blocks progressed westwards.     

阿拉尔灌区棉田蒸散量计算模型

根据2000年阿克苏水平衡站有底测坑试验资料，分析了土壤水分有效性函数与土壤相对有效含水率，作物生物学特性函数，与群体叶面积指数的关系，结果表明：（1）土壤水分有效性函数与土壤相对有效含水率呈直线函数关系；（2）作物生物学特性函数与群体叶面积指数呈指数函数关系。选用20cm蒸发器水面蒸发量、作物生物学特性函数和土壤水分有效性函数，应用数理统计方法建立了阿拉尔灌区棉田蒸散量计算模型。该模式仅需常规气象与土壤湿度资料，计算简便，精度较高，便于在缺乏实测资料的地区使用。     

MESSAGE IN THE PLAZA: LANDSCAPE,LANDSCAPING, AND FOREST DISCOURSE IN HONDURAS*

ABSTRACT. As visible, material expression of human activities and goals, the landscape communicates as well as reflects. Specific landscapes communicate specific messages within the public sphere of which they are a part. In Honduras, many plaza landscapes have seen recent changes in form and in what they communicate. Once open, treeless spaces, many Honduran plazas are now filled with trees. These trees often support signs announcing the virtues of forests, linking the trees themselves to the official discourse on forest issues and illuminating the role of public‐space landscapes in influencing public perception. This article points out the links between such iconographic landscapes and the complex, multitiered environmental issues that are part of environmental conditions and their perception by local actors.     

南极普里兹湾临近海域夏季纽鳃樽对浮游植物的摄食研究

于 1 998年 1 2月至 1 999年 1月南极夏季 ,对南大洋普里兹湾临近海域主要被囊类纽鳃樽的数量密度分布进行了现场调查 ,同时于 - 3站对纽鳃樽对浮游植物的摄食率利用肠道色索法和颗粒递减法进行了现场研究。调查结果表明 ,纽鳃樽主要分布于调查海区的浮冰区北部边缘及其以北的开阔水域。在密集区其数量密度高达 2 795ind..1 0 0 0 m- 3,浮冰区几乎没有发现。 - 3站现场摄食实验结果显示 ,纽鳃樽个体肠道色素含量变化范围为 0 .1 4～ 1 .2 7μg.ind.- 1,平均为0 .98μg.ind.- 1。肠道色素法测得的纽鳃樽对浮游植物的摄食率为 7.9μg.ind.- 1d- 1,滤水率为2 81 ind.- 1d- 1。颗粒递减法测得纽鳃樽滤水率为 1 5.3± 4.61 ind.- 1d- 1,比肠道色素法所得结果偏低。虽然由此推算纽鳃樽群体的日摄食量只占浮游植物现存量的 0 .8% ,但是对于初级生产力却有一定的摄食压力 ( 72 .2 % )。