Role of aerial photographs and landsat imagery in forest resources surveys

Many of the data needs for efficient management of forest resources can be met by aerial photographs. Commercially important tree species can be distinguished from other less important miscellaneous species with the help of aerial photographs. Forests can be classified according to their height and density classes. Aerial photographs have become indispensable for mapping of forests and preparation of forest inventories. A comparison of interpretation results obtained from landsat imagery and aerial photographs (1 ∶ 10,000 Black and White panchromatic photography) with respect to forestry interpretation is given. It is pointed out that the imagery obtained from satellities can be used for reconnaissance of a region and for deciding the priorities for carrying out more detailed surveys of forest resources with the help of air photointerpretation techniques     

Land resource inventory of Naurar subcatchment

Soil and Land Use Survey of Naurar subcatchment in Almora district of Uttar Pradesh was conducted to assist the authorities of the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in their “Area Development Project”. Execution of appropriate soil conservation measures and adoption of improved agricultural practices both aimed at the betterment of the socioeconomic conditions of the population of this backward hilly tract are the major objectives of the project. The University Specialists belonging to various disciplines propose to tackle the problem on an integrated basis. A large scale soil and land use map was prepared through the adoption of a systematic Aerial Photo interpretaion procedure. For this purpose 36 large scale Panchromatic vertical aerial photographs in the scale of 1: 15,000 covering a greater part of the subcatchment and three medium scale aerial photographs in the approximate scale of 1: 40,000 were used both for systematic aerial photo-interpretation and compilation of the data during the field work. The survey provides information about the different taxonomie soil classes in the area. It is observed that about 78.7% of the area is covered under Typic Ustorthents. The erosion hazards have also been mapped and revealed 27.3% of the area under moderate to severe erosion and 26.7% under severe to very severe erosion. Broad suggestions for proper utilisation of land resources have also been made.     

郑州市土地利用／土地覆盖动态变化研究

利用地面统计数据和陆地卫星影像数据，分析了郑州市土地利用／土地覆盖的现状，研究了遥感影像提取土地利用／土地覆盖信息的机理，建立了适宜郑州市遥感影像判读的解译标志，结合两个不同时期的地面数据和影像数据，分析了郑州市十几年来土地利用的动态变化情况及存在的问题，指出了今后土地利用的方向。     

Geomorphology and landuse of Pasighat-Jonai bazar area-A photo based study in a part of Dihang river basin,Arunachal pradesh and Assam

Photo-interpretation coupled with systematic field checks over an area of about 1500 sq. km has led to the identification of various landform units and their characteristic landuse pattern in part of the submontaneous tract of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in the Dihang river basin. Four major geomorphic units have been mapped and their respective lithounits are studied in detail. Present landuse and the land’s capability inrespect of each of the major geomorphic units have been noted. Suggestions have been made for better utilisation of land.     

基于ArcEngine的油气专题制图系统设计与实现

为进一步提升国土资源管理工作数字化水平,及时反映全国各石油公司矿区管理现状和各类油气资源勘查开采成果,按照国土资源部油气中心对自动化制图的具体需求,在深入研究ArcEngine功能和特点的基础上,提出一种基于ArcGIS平台的石油天然气专题自动制图系统的设计方案,利用油气矿权区块空间位置信息、地理底图、制图模板以及当前油气资源各类属性信息,制作油气管理专题地图。经运行测试,制图效果美观科学,系统操作简洁流畅,全面满足石油天然气专题制图要求,实现"以图管矿"。     

Strategies for Watershed Management planning using remote sensing technique

‘Watershed Management’ has assumed urgency for planned development of land and water resources and to arrest land degradation process to preserve environment and ecological balance. Decision support to such management planning requires scientific knowledge of resources information, expected runoff and sediment yield, priority classification of watersheds for conservation planning, monitoring of watershed for environmental impact assessment and technologies of GIS for data base creation, scenario development and appropriate decision making. Remote sensing technique is ideally suited to evolve such a management strategy. Scientific basis of this approach is explained.     

基于IKONOS影像的土地利用现状更新调查方法

近年来,随着我国社会和经济的快速发展,土地利用现状发生了很大变化,原有土地利用资料已难以满足土地管理的需求。为了提高土地管理效率和水平,实现科学化管理,结合地方规划与国土资源管理现状,采用现代"3S"技术,建立集遥感信息以及土地利用信息于一体的土地利用数据库,为地方经济发展提供现势、详实、准确的科学依据,为国土资源规划、保护、管理和合理利用奠定坚实的基础。结合银川市土地利用现状更新调查项目,论述利用高分辨率卫星影像数据——地面分辨率达1m的IKONOS影像进行土地利用现状更新调查的技术方法。     

土地整理三维信息系统研究与实现

为保证土地整治项目管理信息系统科学有效,本研究采用三维可视化技术构建交互式应用环境,开发出土地整理三维信息系统,应用于土地整治项目管理和国土资源管理,为土地综合整治及国土基础数据管理的信息化、可视化提供技术支撑和服务。     

增城国土资源数据整合研究

信息孤岛是信息化建设的必经过程,信息共享是智慧城市建设所要解决的重点问题。作为智慧城市的重要组成部分,智慧国土的建设必然需要对国土资源数据进行整合。本文基于现有研究成果,结合增城市国土资源数据的实际情况,提出基于数据仓库的国土资源数据整合方案,并对增城市1∶2 000的空间基础数据进行了有效整合。     

Studying town morphology through Remote Sensing

Remotely-sensed data products have got unique advantage over conventional data-gathering techniques in the study of urban morphology. The physical parameters like built-up area density, street pattern, population density, urban structure as well as functional characteristics which can be derived from land use/land cover map, are clearly visible on aerial data products. This technique provides synoptic view of the area which makes the study comprehensive and uniform. Sequential aerial photographs and satellite imagery help in studying the growth of urban area and temporal changes in urban structure. These informations are very useful in the planning of city extension. Here an attempt has been made to study the urban morphology of Saharanpur city by using panchromatic aerial photographs on scale 1∶10,000, IRS-1B LISS II geocoded imagery on 1∶50,000 scale and photo-maps on 1∶4000 scale, and the results are very encouraging.     

Change detection from remotely sensed images: From pixel-based to object-based approaches

The appetite for up-to-date information about earth’s surface is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including local, regional and global resources monitoring, land-cover and land-use change monitoring, and environmental studies. The data from remote sensing satellites provide opportunities to acquire information about land at varying resolutions and has been widely used for change detection studies. A large number of change detection methodologies and techniques, utilizing remotely sensed data, have been developed, and newer techniques are still emerging. This paper begins with a discussion of the traditionally pixel-based and (mostly) statistics-oriented change detection techniques which focus mainly on the spectral values and mostly ignore the spatial context. This is succeeded by a review of object-based change detection techniques. Finally there is a brief discussion of spatial data mining techniques in image processing and change detection from remote sensing data. The merits and issues of different techniques are compared. The importance of the exponential increase in the image data volume and multiple sensors and associated challenges on the development of change detection techniques are highlighted. With the wide use of very-high-resolution (VHR) remotely sensed images, object-based methods and data mining techniques may have more potential in change detection.     

Landsat ETM数据在黄土丘陵区对浅层地下水信息的提取

本文利用热红外遥感技术在对影像进行几何校正、数据融合等预处理工作的基础上,进行主成分分析、最优化密度分割等处理,有效提取了研究区的浅层地下水信息,并结合资料分析和野外实地勘查,验证了结果的正确性,同时也为快速、宏观地寻找地下水资源提供了技术和方法参考。     

"3S"技术在土地管理领域中的应用现状与展望

土地作为一种不可再生资源,科学利用和有效管理土地资源对我国有着比较重要的意义.20世纪80年代,3S技术已经逐步地在土地管理工作中有了比较广泛的应用.特别是最近两年,经过二次土地调查之后,3S技术在建设用地前期勘测定界、土地资源动态监测、土地整理、土地规划、地籍测绘等工作中得到了更加广泛的应用.但也应当看到,3S技术在...     

基于GIS的土地规划出让信息管理系统的设计与实现

利用GIS等现代技术对国土部门传统的工作和管理模式进行改造是当前工作发展的必然趋势,本文以国土资源部门土地规划出让信息管理系统的设计开发为研究目的,并以其在天津滨海新区大港国土部门的应用为建设成果。介绍了基于SQL Server 2000建立的土地出让管理数据库的结构和内容,阐述系统开发的工作流程及系统功能结构。论述基于MapOject 2.4的GIS组件开发,利用ArcSDE 9.2作为空间数据引擎实现后台数据库与前台应用程序的空间数据通讯,对采用的关健技术和获得的经验教训进行了总结。     

国土资源数据管理初探

本文在分析国土资源数据及其管理特点的基础上,基于国土资源信息化和数据资源保护,将国土资源数据整体上分为资料数据、基础数据、业务数据、管理数据和元数据五类,提出了各类数据进行计算机管理的组织方法和采用的相关技术。由于国土资源数据环境的复杂性,本文中的观点难免出现错误和遗漏,望读者批评指正,共同推进国土资源数据管理信息化进程。     

Land cover mapping in the Upper Shire River catchment in Malawi using Landsat satellite data

Land cover mapping forms a reference base for resource managers in their decision-making processes to guide rural/urban growth and management of natural resources. The aim of this study was to map land cover dynamics within the Upper Shire River catchment, Malawi. The article promotes innovation of automated land cover mapping based on remote sensing information to generate data products that are both appropriate to, and usable within different scientific applications in developing countries such as Malawi. To determine land cover dynamics, 1989 and 2002 Landsat images were used. Image bands were combined in transformations and indices with physical meaning; together with spatial data, to enhance classification accuracy. A maximum likelihood classification for each image was computed for identification of land cover variables. The results showed that the combination of spatial and digital data enhanced classification accuracy and the ability to categorise land cover features, which are relatively inhomogeneous.     

县级矿产资源综合管理平台建设与应用——以重庆市南川区为例

以重庆市南川区矿政监督管理信息系统的建设为例,对基于县级的矿产资源综合管理平台如何建设与应用进行了论述。系统采用SuperMap平台,建立了国土资源数据中心,并在此基础上形成了标准统一、上下一致的国土资源数据采集、更新、传输与应用服务的机制与技术体系,形成了融数据更新与交换、电子政务与信息发布一体化的综合监管平台,有效提升了矿政管理的信息化水平,为全国＂矿政一张图＂建设提供借鉴意义。     

3S 技术在土地利用变化监测中的应用

土地是人类赖以生存和社会赖以发展的重要资源,是人类生存和发展的物质基础。实现土地利用变化信息的动态监测,对于土地资源合理规划、科学管理具有重要的意义。本文以滁州市不同时相Landsat5 TM遥感影像为主要数据源,结合其他辅助数据,利用3S技术提取土地利用变化信息,分析和评价了该区域土地利用的变化特征。结果表明：2004～2009年间该市土地利用类型发生较大变化,其中耕地面积明显减少,建设用地面积大幅度增加。     

卫星遥感土地利用调查精度研究

根据江苏省土地利用卫星遥感调查的实践,对以陆地卫星TM为主要信息源进行土地利用现状和耕地资源调查的定位、定性和定量精度进行分析研究,对应用卫星遥感进行土地利用调查的可靠性、适用范围和提高精度的方法进行了探讨。