糜棱岩化过程中绿泥石多型与结晶度的演变--以郯庐断裂带南段为例

摘要：根据郯庐断裂带南段韧性剪切带糜棱岩中同构造矿物组合、黑云母的存在以及长石的变形行为，推测其变形．变质温度为400一450oC。bo值分析表明．这些糜棱岩是在低压环境下形成的。在流体作用下。糜棱岩中的绿泥石既可以交代其它矿物而形成，也可以直接从流体中结晶形成。交代其它矿物所形成的绿泥石为Ⅱ型绿泥石，其结晶度值介于0．21^。一0．23^。20．与温度具有较好的对应关系。直接从流体中结晶而产生的绿泥石初始时刻为工型．其结晶度值介于0．236^。-0．341^。20之间，多屑于近变带范畴。其指示温度要低于实际所经历的环境温度。由于糜棱岩化过程中工型绿泥石的不断产生以及工型绿泥石向Ⅱ型绿泥石转化的不充分。导致了在400以上仍然出现工型绿泥石与Ⅱ型绿泥石混合的现象．并且实测的结晶度是不同时刻形成的、具不同结晶度的绿泥石的混合结晶度。     

郯庐断裂带中-南段走滑构造特征与变形规律

在大别造山带东端和苏鲁造山带西端,郯庐断裂带存在着同造山期和早白垩世两期左旋走滑韧性剪切带,在张八岭隆起南段迄今为止只发现了早白垩世的走滑剪切带。这些剪切带由若干条小型韧性剪切带组成,带内糜棱岩都具有陡倾的糜棱面理和平缓的矿物拉伸线理。野外构造、显微构造及石英C轴组构皆指示了左旋走滑剪切指向。新生矿物组合和矿物变形行为分析显示大别山东端郯庐早、晚两期剪切带主要形成于中绿片岩相的变质温度环境,张八岭隆起南段剪切带主要形成于高绿片岩相的变质温度环境,苏鲁造山带西端郯庐早、晚两期剪切带则形成于高角闪岩相的变质温度环境。糜棱岩内基质中新生白云母的电子探针分析指示大别山东端和张八岭隆起南段出露的郯庐韧性剪切带形成于低压环境下,而苏鲁造山带西端的郯庐韧性剪切带形成于高压榴辉岩相环境。这些详细的构造研究显示:在华北与华南板块的碰撞造山期郯庐断裂带以左旋走滑构造型式存在,而在早白垩世太平洋构造域中它又再次发生了强烈的左行平移。     

兴隆金矿区韧性剪切带特征及其含矿性研究

兴隆金矿区韧性剪切带受兴隆沟深断裂影响,其韧性剪切变质变形控制着本区金矿(化)体的空间分布。韧性剪切带由片麻岩、糜棱岩化岩、糜棱岩及超糜棱岩组成,矿物组分和化学成分发生了明显变化,促使金的活化带出,在适当温压条件下充填并沉淀于叶理构造中而形成韧性剪切带型金矿。     

北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带糜棱岩矿物的化学成分及其对形成环境的响应

长英质糜棱岩是北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带内的主要构造岩类型,其中主要矿物都发生不同程度的塑性变形。石榴石内矿物包裹体的痕迹、长英质矿物的定向分布及矿物间的接触关系等表明糜棱岩中的矿物为同构造生长的产物。石榴石、黑云母、白云母和斜长石的矿物化学成分特点表明糜棱岩的变质程度达角闲岩相,形成于高温环境。石榴石微区成分存在两种类型：一种为环带型,从核部到边缘,MnO含量从中心向边缘逐渐降低,FeO和MgO加含量逐渐增加,反映石榴石形成于递进变质环境;另一种为均一型,显示剪切带内局部变质作用的强度继续增大,温度进一步升高(>600℃),组分扩散能力的提高使石榴石内的环带部分或全部均一化。矿物化学成分温压计的计算结果表明矿物形成温度为651～763℃．压力为6.2×10⁸～8.4×10⁸Pa。据此,推测该韧性剪切带形成于地下17～19km．后随祁连加里东造山带一起隆升出露地表。     

地质温度计在郯庐断裂带南段低温糜棱岩中的尝试

在缺少糜棱岩形成温度资料的情况下,糜棱岩的形成深度、与所叠加岩石的关系、变质演化、抬升-剥露历史、矿物的变形机制、同位素年龄数据的解释等一系列问题就很难得到正确合理的解释.适用于低温条件下的白云母-绿泥石地质温度计、白云母-黑云母地质温度计和绿泥石成分温度计仅在区域变质岩中应用过,从未在糜棱岩中使用.本文利用郯庐断裂带南段（安徽段）韧性剪切带内糜棱岩中同构造新生的白云母、黑云母和绿泥石,首次尝试上述3种地质温度计在糜棱岩中的应用.糜棱岩中新生矿物组合及长石变形行为显示,糜棱岩的变形温度为350℃～450℃.利用白云母-黑云母地质温度计和绿泥石地质温度计获得的温度值分别为672℃～1116℃和470℃～520℃,高于糜棱岩的形成温度,指示这2个地质温度计不适用于计算低温糜棱岩的形成温度.而利用白云母-绿泥石地质温度计获得的温度值与糜棱岩的形成温度相吻合,这表明在上述3种低温地质温度计中,只有白云母-绿泥石地质温度计适用于低温糜棱岩的形成温度测定.     

桂北元宝山韧性剪切带糜棱岩矿物化学特征及变质条件

桂北元宝山花岗岩岩体内发育一条长约25～30 km,宽约8～10 km,呈NNE向延伸的韧性剪切带,代表性的构造岩类型为长英质糜棱岩,其主要矿物都发生了不同程度的脆性–韧性变形。本文对韧性剪切带中代表性糜棱岩样品进行了细致的显微观察,同时利用电子探针技术对糜棱岩中不同产状的黑云母、白云母和绿泥石进行了详细的成分分析。在此基础上采用绿泥石成分地质温度计、白云母–绿泥石地质温度计、白云母/黑云母Ti温度计,结合多硅白云母Si压力计展开变质–变形温压研究,以期合理解译糜棱岩化过程中变形作用对云母类矿物中放射性成因氩(⁴⁰Ar^*)保存能力的影响以及这些云母矿物的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年结果是代表冷却年龄还是变形年龄,为进一步探讨该地区在加里东期及其后的构造–热演化历史打下良好基础。显微镜下观察显示,糜棱岩中的云母类矿物主要以大颗粒残斑和细粒基质两种形式存在,其产状和粒径存在着较大的区别。电子探针成分分析结果显示,残斑云母与基质中新生或重结晶云母在化学成分上具有较大差异:与基质中的新生或重结晶白云母相比,残斑白...     

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区主期韧性剪切带

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区的韧性剪切带，根据其与变形变质的关系可分为（１）早期主变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称主期韧性剪切带；（２）晚期叠加变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称叠加韧性剪切带。主期韧性剪切带糜棱岩，退变质和新生面理等标志，其高应变特征主要通过岩石中片理和线理发育程度，矿物定向程度，矿的粒度及应变大小表现出来。由于主期声望生剪切带内的片理和线理及矿物组合与围岩中的相同，因此相同岩石的     

郯庐断裂带桐城段构造变形解析

郯庐断裂带桐城段韧性剪切带位于大别造山带东北缘。首先对剪切带两端的两套片麻岩进行宏观构造特征、矿物组成以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,确定片麻岩为印支造山期高压变质产物。之后由于郯庐断裂带左行韧性走滑叠加,在原来近东西向造山带片麻岩基础上形成了NE-SW向的糜棱岩—超糜棱岩带。根据糜棱岩中主要矿物的变形行为,估算剪切带的变形温度约为450 ℃～530 ℃,局部可达550 ℃,为高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质;有限应变测量和应变强度计算的结果表明,矿物在韧性剪切过程中经历了强烈的拉长变形,剪切带中间位置变形程度最强,向两边慢慢减弱;运用多种方法对糜棱岩进行运动学涡度的测量计算,结果表明郯庐断裂带桐城段为一以简单剪切为主导的减薄型一般剪切带。     

新疆额尔齐斯构造带哲兰德金矿白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素年龄及地质意义

哲兰德金矿是额尔齐斯构造带上重要的造山型金矿,产出于韧性剪切带中,金矿化赋存于黄铁矿化闪长岩脉、含金石英脉和黄铁矿化千枚岩中,矿化与韧脆性剪切变形有关。沿剪切面理发育的白云母、绿泥石等新生矿物,为测定金矿形成时代提供了依据。本研究利用白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学手段,确定了韧性剪切带的形成时代和金成矿时代。结果表明白云母坪年龄为295. 4±1. 6 Ma,韧性剪切变形和金成矿作用发生在295 Ma,略早于多拉纳萨依金矿形成时间。结合前人资料认为,新疆额尔齐斯构造带造山型金矿形成于295～270 Ma。     

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区主期韧性剪切带

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区的韧性剪切带，根据其与变形变质的关系可分为（１）早期主变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称主期韧性剪切带；（２）晚期叠加变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称叠加韧性剪切带。主期韧性剪切带不发育糜棱岩、退变质和新生面理等标志，其高应变特征主要通过岩石中片理和线理发育程度、矿物定向程度、矿物粒度及应变大小表现出来。由于主期韧性剪切带内的片理和线理及矿物组合与围岩中的相同，因此相同岩石的应变强度比较是识别它的有效途径。比较拟引入反映岩石变形强度的物理参数ｎ（ＸＺ面上平行Ｘ和垂直Ｘ两个方向上单位长度矿物颗粒数之比）、Ｓ（单位体积内矿物颗粒表面积）和Ｒ＿ｓ（矿物形态应变）作为比较参数。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861