GPS/DR组合定位方法研究

当今，诸多部门如公安、交通和银行等都要求在城市环境中对车辆连续跟踪和不间断定位。如何实现车辆在城市中的高精度连续定位是许多车辆监控和指挥系统及ITS（Intelligent Transportation System)的主要研究课题之一。然而，由于城市中的电波传播环境非常复杂，在其中定位要考虑很多方面的因素。本文就城市环境的特殊性，分析了其影响GPS定位精度的主要误差源，并设计了一种经济可行的组合定位方法－GPS／DR组合定位模式。     

城市商业服务设施吸引力的空间相关性分析

提出了一种根据择路经验特征,利用证据理论检测出租车异常轨迹的方法。该方法考虑最短路径与轨迹长度的比值、规避路径代价、出行发生时间3个因素,利用证据理论综合这3个证据来判别轨迹的异常程度,检测出行距离和路径选择明显不同于正常情况下的异常轨迹。实验结果表明此方法能有效识别不符合正常认知的异常轨迹,不依赖于单一起始点和终点对(origin-destination,OD)中的轨迹数目,能快速处理海量GPS数据,可用于大规模浮动车数据择路行为分析前期的数据过滤。     

弱GPS信号捕获算法及其仿真研究

为满足低信噪比环境下的导航需要,介绍了一种基于改进循环相关的GPS基带信号捕获算法。本文借助于GPS信号基带数学模型以及FFT技术,从理论层面上对捕获算法的信号处理流程以及捕获性能进行了分析;并利用真实GPS基带数据对算法在低信噪比环境下的检测概率和捕获能力进行了重点仿真,仿真结果显示算法在低信噪比环境下是有效的,能够提高低信噪比环境下的检测概率和提高GPS接收机的检测灵敏度。     

我国高精度GPS陆海垂直运动监测网的数据处理

为了分离海平面与验潮站所在陆地的垂直运动并获得海平面变化的绝对信息 ,对由沿海 5个验潮站组成的高精度 GPS陆海垂直运动监测网的 1998年一期观测数据 ,采用 GAMIT和 GL OBK软件进行了处理 ,并顾及了影响高程因素中由于方位不对称引起的大气延迟及改进的 Niell模型。最终 GPS监测网达到了毫米级的高程精度。     

GPS历书计算与卫星星座预报仿真

利用Matlab软件解算GPS历书信息,对GPS卫星星座进行预报仿真。给出了计算仿真的整体流程和部分主要实现代码,最后通过实际接收卫星数据的计算,得出了预报仿真结果。此方法既能直观理解星座运动分布,也能满足工程实践中快速捕获卫星的需求。     

单站地基GPS实时估计电波折射弯曲角

提出了利用单站地基GPS多普勒频移实时估计弯曲角的方法,该方法克服了探空法和模型法的局限,可以全天候观测,适合于实时应用。实验结果显示,GPS结果与探空结果具有较好的一致性,且在低仰角范围内优于模型结果。     

矿区GPS变形监测与变形分析

对矿区DPS变形监测网的建立、实时监测、基线平差、变形分析及分形特征等问题，进行了较系统深入的探讨。经对GPS实时监测变表数据分析可知，地表点的移动具有较强的分形增长规律，GPS变形监测技术能够揭示地表移动的非线性特征，为变形分析与预测提供了新的途径。     

无验潮模式下的GPS水下地形测量技术

传统的水下地形测量模式定型于利用GPS测定水底点的平面位置,利用测深仪测定水底点的深度,附之以瞬时潮位资料,获得点位的高程。这种模式在上述条件具备的情况下,可取得完满的结果。但当验潮条件不具备时,该模式将不能获得测点的高程。为了弥补这一缺陷,简化工作流程,提高水下地形测量的精度,本文提出了一种无验潮模式下的水下地形测量思想,该思想不用专门测定潮位,而直接利用GPS的RTK测量技术,辅之以姿态测量和补偿,从而获得高精度的水底点高程。该方法被验证是正确的,希望进一步推广应用。     

Generation of differential GPS corrections along with performance of quality control

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The confidence evaluation for airborne GPS data

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Generation of differential GPS corrections along with performance of quality control

The DGPS technique can provide considerably better relative positioning accuracy than the stand-alone GPS positioning, but the improvement depends on the distance between the user and the reference station (spatial correlation), the latency of differential corrections (temporal correlation), and the quality of differential corrections. Therefore, how to correctly generate differential corrections as well as their pricision is very important to the DGPS positioning technique. This paper presents a new algorithm for generating differential GPS corrections. This algorithm directly uses code and carrier observations in the measurement model of a Kalman filter, so that it is possible to use a simple stochastic model and to use the standard algorithm of the Kalman filter. The algorithm accounts for biases like multipath errors and instrumental delays in code observations and it shows how differential corrections are differently affected by code biases when dual or single frequency data is used. In addition, the algorithm can be integrated with a real time quality control procedure. As a result, the quality of differential corrections can be guaranteed with a certain probability.     

Hotbeds of crime and the search for spatial accuracy

One of the most important aspects of spatial crime analysis is the identification of hotspots: areas of the highest crime concentration. This paper advances a methodology for hotspot detection based on a global moving window approach combined with the use of local statistics to define the hotspot limit. This technique generates hotspots that both follow the urban morphology of the crime distribution and ensures their spatial segregation. The hypothesis that police officers can construct an accurate perception of crime distribution from exposure to daily policing practices is used to demonstrate an application in the use of hotspot analysis. Significant regions generated from recorded crime data are compared with perceived local hotspots catalogued from surveys with police officers. Results from this study show two discrete types of hotspot, here termed hotpoints and hotbeds. The morphology of these crime hotpoints and hotbeds is discussed and possible causes documented. Received: 9 October 1998/Accepted: 22 September 1999     

基于GT的钟差预测模型辅助GPS定位算法研究

为了解决在强干扰环境下由于GPS卫星信号被遮挡而无法定位的问题,从灰色理论(GT)的角度探讨了接收机的钟差序列,提出一种利用灰色理论的钟差预测模型辅助GPS定位的方法。对预测模型的基本思想和具体实现步骤作了详细的介绍,并且将钟差预测值引入到GPS接收机中,实现信号遮挡情况下GPS接收机的定位解算。通过对实测数据的验证分析表明,该钟差预测模型对钟差序列有很好的预测效果,能够在仅有3颗可观测卫星的情况下实现接收机的定位解算。     

基于3DCM的武警处突方案演示系统研究

随着三维城市模型(Three Dimensional City Model,3DCM)的蓬勃发展和武警部队建设信息化步伐的快速推进,利用3DCM技术辅助武警指挥员在处置突发性事件(简称处突)中精确地获取信息、直观快速地理解信息、高效地利用信息受到越来越多的重视。本文在论述3DCM在武警处突指挥信息系统具体应用的基础上,设计了3DCM支持下武警处突方案演示系统,内容包括系统组成、主要功能及技术实现途径。     

海岸线GPS实时动态测量技术及误差影响

海岸线地理环境特殊,讨论海岸线测量的特点,提出集成GMS无线电数据链,进行摩托化海岸线DGPS实时动态测量新方法和技术体系。分折了卫星定位误差、无线电数据链误差和用户测量平台稳定性误差影响。特别针对GMS无线电数据链可靠性和测杆摇摆与铅垂对定位精度的特殊影响。结出了海岸线DGPS实时动态测量误差影响的估计模型。     

我国大地测量学的进展和展望

回顾了我国大地测量工作的进展。面向 2 1世纪前期的我国经济和国防建设及科技和社会发展 ,展望了我国新世纪的大地测量 ,提出应逐步进入精确、动态、实时的现代化体系 ,即完善国家三维空间大地网 ;建立 GPS综合服务体系 ;提供导航和定位服务 ;测定地壳运动、电离层参数、大气中可降水份等信息 ;精化中国地区重力场参数 ;建立新的国家重力基准网 ;完成分米级精度的中国似大地水准面的推算 ;积极开展海洋和空间大地测量 ,为资源、环境的管理以及防灾监测做出应有的贡献。     

Using Spatially Explicit Simulated Data to Analyze Animal Interactions: A Case Study with Brown Hyenas in Northern Botswana

New developments in global positioning systems (GPS) and related satellite tracking technologies have facilitated the collection of highly accurate data on moving objects, far surpassing the ability to analyze them. Within geographic information science, ‘movement pattern analysis’ (MPA) has developed as a subfield that addresses concepts and theories used to explore the spatio‐temporal structure in data, although the methodological and analytical framework associated with MPA is new and still evolving. Interactions between individuals can be considered a second order property of movement and have been far less studied. The nature of interactions between individuals in a population is a fundamental aspect of a species' behavioral ecology and information on the frequency and duration of these interactions is vital to understanding mating and territorial behavior, resource use, and infectious disease epidemiology. The focus of this work was to explore how spatially explicit simulated data can be used to analyse dynamic interactions between individuals. Five different techniques that have been used to quantify dynamic interactions based on GPS data of pairs of individuals were utilised, and all were compared in the context of spatially explicit simulated data intended to represent biologically realistic null models for individual movement, and subsequently paired interactions.     

Using VLBI fringe-phase information from geodetic experiments for short-period ionospheric studies

The usage of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) fringe-phase information in geodetic VLBI is a new field of research, which can be used for the detection of short-period (i.e., several minutes) variations (scintillations) of the ionosphere. This paper presents a method for the extraction of such disturbances and discusses how dispersive influences can be separated from intra-scan delay variations. A proper functional and stochastic model for the separation of the different effects is presented and the algorithms are applied to real measurements. In an example, it is shown that a traveling ionospheric disturbance in Antarctica can be detected very precisely. A possible physical origin and the propagation properties of the disturbance are presented and the results are compared with GPS measurements. The benefit of this method for other applications is also discussed.     

基于抗差估计的地表移动观测站GPS控制网坐标系统转换

为监测潘一东区1252（1）首采面开采引起的地表移动变形规律,布设了由1条全走向线和一条全倾向观测线、12个控制点和186个监测点构成的地表移动观测站.在采用GPS定位技术实施观测站平面连接测量过程中,为克服转换基准点中存在的位移对求解的转换参数的影响,采用了抗差估计理论,并建立转换后GPS网的质量评价模型.根据对GPS连接测量平面控制网的处理结果分析,采用抗差估计求参,有利于保留GPS技术高精度的特点.     

顾及轨道误差BDS/GPS实时钟差融合估计的观测权函数设计

实时钟差产品是高精度广域差分位置服务(亚米级、分米级、厘米级)的基础产品,本文针对BDS/GPS轨道精度差异,设计了一种顾及轨道精度差异观测权函数,优化了实时钟差估计的随机模型,在此基础上基于非差法实现了BDS/GPS联合的实时钟差估计。采用MGEX和iGMAS跟踪站的实时观测数据进行实时钟差解算,并与iGMAS产品综合中心提供的事后精密钟差产品进行了比较分析。结果表明:基于该方法估计的钟差精度对单GPS、单BDS和BDS/GPS融合都有提高,其中BDS钟差精度整体较GPS更为显著,提高幅度约12.8%,其中IGSO/MEO更为突出,提高幅度约20%,验证了方法的有效性。