TJ-2体积式应变仪器网络化实现

为适应中国地震局"十五"前兆仪器总体设计的要求,对TJ-2体积式应变仪实现网络化功能进行了开发.本文介绍了网络化仪器的硬件设计、采用的操作系统和功能软件,并介绍了在TJ-2体积式应变仪仪器上的具体应用.     

中国钻孔体应变仪同震变化观测结果

同震形变反映了来自震源区的变化,它是建立地形变与地震之间关系的最直接桥梁,因而对地震预报有至关重要的意义.钻孔体应变仪属于高精度地形变观测仪器,最适合揭示短期形变变化.我国使用的体应变仪分为两类,一类是从美国华盛顿卡耐基研究所引进的sacks型体应变仪(6套),另一类是中国地震局地壳应力研究所研制的TJ型体应变仪(约80套).     

泰安台YRY-2钻孔应变仪线差应变潮汐参数及其稳定性研究

介绍了泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪1991～1996年观测数据的调和分析结果．分析了潮汐参数的动态特征及其稳定性，并将有关结果与洞体水平线应变仪的（伸缩仪）观测结果进行了对比分析．泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪NS分量M2波月潮汐因子的离散中误差为3.3％，NE分量为3.6％，相位滞后的月离散误差小于2°．该指标与最好的洞室仪器SSY-Ⅱ的结果相当．     

手持式钻孔应变仪井下传感器现场检测装置的设计和应用

介绍了在WIN CE控制平台下设计的一种钻孔应变仪井下传感器现场检测装置.设计采用了基于32位ARM工控触屏板以及嵌入式Windows CE操作系统作为软硬件平台,集成了 485通信接口和多通道高精度模拟信号的数据采集单元,实现对钻孔应变仪井下传感器(应变传感器、气压、水位、水温传感器)部分的控制、调零、故障检测等功能...     

菏泽5.9级地震前后的应变异常

1983年11月7日山东省菏泽地区发生了5.9级地震。我国地震部门曾对聊考断裂带南段的菏泽、东明、兰考之间近几年内有发生5—6级中强地震的可能作过估计,因此列为全国重点监视区之一,布设了一些观测台站,使用了正在试验中的高精度测量手段。弦频式应变仪就是其中的一种,在该仪器的试验观测中记到了菏泽地震的应变突变。 河南省辉县百泉地震台的ZX-79型弦频式钻孔应变仪系1979年投入试测的高精度钻孔应变测量手段,后经国家地震局正式鉴定通过。     

新疆钻孔应变异常特征及其与地震三要素关系研究

将新疆高精度钻孔应变仪１０年来观测到的应变异常划分为趋势异常、短期异常、临震异常三类，并对这三种异常的特征进行了分析总结．认为，地震三要素与应变异常参量关系密切，震级与异常量级、震中距有着确定性关系。     

新疆钻孔应变异常特征及其与地震三要求关系研究

将新疆高精度钻孔应变仪１０年来观测到的应变异常划分为趋势异常、短期异常、临震异常三类，并对三种异常的特征进行了分析总结。认为，地震三要素与应变异常参量关系的密切，震级与异常量级、震中距有着确定性关系。     

光纤应变仪的研制与应用前景

正光纤应变仪是利用特种光纤光栅器件或者光纤干涉技术进行高精度应变传感的仪器。常见特种光纤光栅有相移光栅和光纤光栅谐振腔,线宽均较窄,可达到0.01 pm量级甚至更窄,结合高精度解调方法,可显著提高系统的应变测量精度。传统的光纤光栅准静态解调,主要技术方案有光谱分析法、窄带滤波器法、匹配光栅法等,可满足大多数工程应用需求。但高精度地应变传感需求更高,     

综合物探方法在人工洞室探测中的应用效果分析

随着人们对地下溶洞和人工洞室的探测精度的要求越来越高,单一的物探方法并不能满足高精度勘探的要求.本文以对某地一人工洞室投入磁法、电法、地震波法的探测结果为例,通过对探测结果的对比分析,说明在探测此类问题中如何合理地选择物探方法,对后期的工程建设有一定的指导作用.     

宽城地震台体应变仪观测数据干扰因素及其映震能力分析

本文通过分析宽城地震台体应变仪自运行以来所有的观测数据,对宽城地震台体应变仪运行良好的区段（2005年-2008年）的动态特征进行分析研究,在此基础上对影响宽城地震台体应变仪的地下水位、温度、气压等相关因素进行了相关性分析,得出了宽城地震台体应变仪数据主要受到地下水位和气压的影响,温度则对宽城地震台体应变仪影响较小。通过观测数据拟合分析来看,宽城地震台体应变仪映震能力较好,体应变仪在震情监测预报以及地震研究工作起到重要的作用,对地震监测预报工作的长远发展做了较大的贡献。     

Ground deformation measurements in active volcanic areas using tide gauges

A new method of tide gauge data analysis is described for detecting ground deformation in active volcanic areas. This method was tested in the Phlegraean Fields, an active volcanic area near Naples where, in 1970 after a large ground uplift, a dense tide-gauge network was installed. The results of the tide-gauge analysis were checked with levelling data, and a good agreement between the data sets has been found. The observational continuity of the tide-gauge network gave the time evolution of the ground deformation and showed short time oscillations. The good results obtained at the Phlegraean Fields using the tide-gauge network and the data analysis procedure are encouraging.     

拟合加密控制点反应谱的地震动时程合成

在传统地震动反应谱频域拟合方法的基础上,提出了拟合加密控制点目标反应谱的地震动合成方法,并在此基础上利用实际算例与传统方法进行了对比.本文方法在每次迭代调整过程中均考虑了对地震动加速度强度包络函数的模拟,并且对调整后的地震动进行了基线校正,从而确保最终合成的地震动时程既能以一定精度拟合加密目标反应谱,又能满足目标包络函数的要求,同时保证积分所得位移曲线不产生基线漂移.数值算例分析结果表明,本文方法与传统非加密控制点目标谱拟合方法相比,在地震动时程曲线合成、反应谱拟合精度以及收敛速度等方面均具有一定的优势.      

高分辨率探地雷达及实验研究

本文作者开发基于E5071B型矢量网络分析仪(VNA)的高分辨率探地雷达系统(LANRCS—GPR),该系统立足于频率域探地雷达系统的宽频带和适应性强的优点之上,充分发挥了矢量网络分析仪具有的超宽带、高精度测量等特性。该系统采用LAN方式进行系统联机控制方式,使系统组建成本低廉、易于扩展:本系统采用了计算效率高的F-K偏移方法作为实时成像方法。系统测试实验表明,该系统具有很高的探测分辨率,探测精度高,信号信噪比高,系统动态范围大,而且系统的操作灵活可靠,适应范围广,系统功能可扩展性强。该系统的研究开发为将来成品频域探地雷达系统的研发提供了理论、实验基础,同时也为电磁波传播研究及电磁探测研究搭建了一个采集数据精度高、信息量大、适应范围广、操作方便的实验平台。     

应变异常分析与临震预报探讨

就库尔勒台用高精度RZB - 1型宽频带数字应变仪先后在 5 0 0km范围内记录到的几次较典型的MS5 .5左右地震的前兆异常作了初步分析与探讨 .结果发现 ,震前测值曲线异常形态虽说各有所不同 ,但却有一些共同的特征 :固体潮畸变 ,应变速率加快 ,易出现临震突跳 ,应变阶跃等 .根据这些特征 ,我们对 1 993年 2月 3日和静MS5 .7地震、1 993年 1 0月 2日若羌MS6 .6地震和 1 996年 1月 9日沙湾南MS5 .4地震作了不同程度的预报 .     

四川四分量钻孔应变观测数据精度评价

利用邱泽华等给出的观测数据和回归分析方法,计算钻孔应变仪四分量元件的相对标定系数,并根据偏差计算自检内精度等指标,对观测数据进行质量评价。选取2017年四川四分量钻孔应变观测台网记录资料,结合四分量钻孔应变仪观测特点,计算并分析应变观测仪相对标定自检内精度,客观评价观测数据精度,结果发现,2017年仁和台四分量钻孔应变数据各月及全年相对标定系数K_i最大,偏差s最小,自检内精度数值最小,表明该台钻孔应变观测数据精度最高。分析认为,相对标定自检内精度可如实反映台站记录资料的可信度,可以更好、更客观地评价台站四分量钻孔应变观测资料质量。     

DARCY'S LAW AND THE FIELD EQUATIONS OF THE FLOW OF UNDERGROUND FLUIDS

Abstract

Rainfall catches from three standard MKII Meteorological Office gauges are examined. These gauges differ in that one is exposed, one is surrounded by a turf wall and the third is mounted at ground level. Rainfall records between 1976 and 1988 are analysed to assess the variations in rainfall catch between the three types of gauge. During the early period of study, differences between gauges exceeded those in later years and this has been attributed to the settling-in of the new turf wall and ground level collector surfaces. After this initial period the annual differences in catch relative to the standard exposed gauge are 2% and 5% for the turf wall and ground level gauges respectively. Regression analysis has produced correction equations which can convert standard exposed gauge data to either turf wall or ground level equivalents. The equation for ground level/exposed gauges is found to be very similar to one developed in Nigeria and has been found to be applicable to water balance studies elsewhere.     

The application of neural network to the analysis of earthquake precursor chaotic time series

IntroductionThere are some problems we often meet when we work for earthquake forecasting with theobservational data of earthquake precursor observation. Such items as the deformation of earth'scrust, underground fluid, geoelectricity and so on. These problems include that the ceasing workof the observational apparatus because of malfunction or accident in case of emergent ewthquakesituation will lose some imperative information and make it more difficult to evaluate futUreearthquake situation…     

河北省数字地震台网子台地动噪声分析

通过对河北省数字遥测地震台网子台地动噪声分析,各个子台的台址环境和观测仪器的性能基本优良,能够适应宽频带地震观测要求。由于子台受当地经济发展、城市规模扩大以及交通建设等影响,部分台址观测条件受到影响。可以有针对性地对部分台站进行环境改造,为地震监测预报创造更好条件。     

Geospatial blending to improve spatial mapping of precipitation with high spatial resolution by merging satellite‐based and ground‐based data

Estimating accurate spatial distribution of precipitation is important for understanding the hydrologic cycle and various hydro‐environmental applications. Satellite‐based precipitation data have been widely used to measure the spatial distribution of precipitation over large extents, but an improvement in accuracy is still needed. In this study, three different merging techniques (Conditional Merging, Geographical Differential Analysis and Geographical Ratio Analysis) were used to merge precipitation estimations from Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Rainfall Intensity data and ground‐based measurements. Merged products were evaluated with varying rain‐gauge network densities and accumulation times. The results confirmed that accuracy of detecting quantitative rainfall was improved as the accumulation time and network density increased. Also, the impact of spatial heterogeneity of precipitation on the merged estimates was investigated. Our merging techniques reproduced accurate spatial distribution of rainfall by adopting the advantages of both gauge and COMS estimates. The efficacy of the merging techniques was particularly pronounced when the spatial heterogeneity of hourly rainfall, quantified by variance of rainfall, was greater than 10 mm²/accumulation time². Among the techniques analysed, Conditional Merging performed the best, especially when the gauge density was low. This study demonstrates the utility of the COMS Rainfall Intensity product, which has a shorter latency time (1 h) and higher spatio‐temporal resolution (hourly, 4 km by 4 km) than other widely used satellite precipitation products in estimating precipitation using merging techniques with ground‐based point measurements. The outcome has important implications for various hydrologic modelling approaches, especially for producing near real‐time products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinematics of landslide estimated by repeated GPS measurements in the Avcilar region of Istanbul, Turkey

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal behavior of the landslide located in Avcilar region which is situated between Kucukcekmece and Buyukcekmece Lakes in the north-west of Marmara region, Turkey. A network consisting of 10 sites has been surveyed four times from November 2007 to May 2009 using Global Positioning System (GPS). The deformation analysis has been applied to determine the landslide movement parameters of the sites using GPS measurements of the four epochs. The reliable and high precision deformation rates are presented in terms of displacement vectors, velocity vectors and changes of accumulated strain. Landslides of the region are characterized from a regional GPS network. Each site has statistically different temporal behavior and significant relative motions and the region has irregular landslide movements.