Litho- and biostratigraphy,facies patterns and depositional sequences of the Cenomanian-Turonian deposits in the Ksour Mountains (Saharan Atlas,Algeria)

The Cenomanian-Turonian deposits exposed in the Ksour Mountains, western part of the Saharan Atlas (Algeria), document marine shelf environments that had been thriving on the North African passive margin, connected northwards to the Tethys Ocean, and fringed southwards by the Saharan craton. Their lithological, palaeontological, and sedimentological characteristics have been investigated to provide new insights into the biostratigraphy, palaeo-environmental evolution and sea-level changes in this western part of the Saharan Atlas. Three formations are recognized, from base to top of the studied succession: 1. The El Rhelida Formation comprising two informal units: the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate unit deposited under different flow regime conditions, from shoreline to backshore environments, and the limestone–claystone unit including coastal mudflat deposits prone to storm events. The early Cenomanian age of the El Rhelida Formation is supported by vertebrate assemblages. 2. The Mdaouer Formation comprising two units: the evaporitic unit dominated by claystone and evaporite alternations deposited on a flat coastal sabkha with occasional storms, and the marlstone–limestone unit formed in a peritidal-lagoonal environment. The Mdaouer Formation is of early-middle Cenomanian age. 3. The Rhoundjaïa Formation comprising three units: the lower limestone unit consisting of relatively homogeneous fossiliferous limestones; the middle marly unit composed of marlstone and bioclastic limestones, and the upper limestone unit consisting of carbonates showing vertical variations in faunal content and stratonomy. The Rhoundjaïa Formation was deposited in homoclinal ramp setting. Ammonite data indicate an early late Cenomanian to early Turonian age for this interval. Within an overall transgressive trend, the Cenomanian-Turonian deposits of the Ksour Mountains record three third-order depositional sequences bounded each by regional discontinuities.     

Stratigraphic evolution of the nearshore to fluvial plain of the Upper Cuyo Group,Neuquén,Argentina

The upper portion of the Cuyo Group in the Zapala region, south‐eastern Neuquén Basin (Western Argentina), encompasses marine and transitional deposits (Lajas Formation) overlain by alluvial rocks (Challacó Formation). The Challacó Formation is covered by the Mendoza Group above a second‐order sequence boundary. The present study presents the stratigraphic framework and palaeophysiographic evolution of this Bajocian to Eo‐Calovian interval. The studied succession comprises the following genetic facies associations: (i) offshore and lower shoreface–offshore transition; (ii) lower shoreface; (iii) upper shoreface; iv) intertidal–subtidal; (v) supratidal–intertidal; (vi) braided fluvial to delta plain; (vii) meandering river; and (viii) braided river. The stratigraphic framework embraces four third‐order depositional sequences (C1 to C4) whose boundaries are characterized by the abrupt superposition of proximal over distal facies associations. Sequences C1 to C3 comprise mostly littoral deposits and display well‐defined, small‐scale transgressive–regressive cycles associated with fourth‐order depositional sequences. Such high‐frequency cycles are usually bounded by ravinement surfaces associated with transgressive lags. At last, the depositional sequence C4 delineates an important tectonic reorganization probably associated with an uplift of the Huincul Ridge. This is suggested by an inversion of the transport trend, north‐westward during the deposition of C1 to C3 depositional sequences (Lajas Formation) to a south‐west trend during the deposition of the braided fluvial strata related to the C4 depositional sequence (Challacó Formation).     

Depositional evolution of the Middle-Upper Eocene rocks, Fayum area, Egypt

The Middle-Upper Eocene rocks of the Fayum District are represented by Gehannam, Birket Qarun and Qasr El-Sagha formations. Both field studies and laboratory analyses on the concerned rocks have enabled to distinguish six lithofacies: (1) sheet-like grey silt-shale, (2) large-scale trough cross-bedded sandstone, (3) successive varicolored mud-shale/siltstone intercalation, (4) dark grey to black mud-shale/sandstone intercalation, (5) thinly bedded sandstone-shale intercalation and (6) very large-scale cross-stratified sandstone. These lithofacies proved that the present rocks were deposited in transitional paralic environment of active northward-prograding deltaic subenvironments contemporaneous with rabid but gradual sea level drop. The depositional system started with the delta front silt-shale (Gehannam Formation) of 20 m thickness, followed by distributary mouth bars of cross-bedded sandstone (Birket Qarun Formation, 50 m thick). Both the lower and upper delta plains attain thicknesses of 99 and 38 m, respectively, and are represented by the lower part of Qasr El-Sagha Formation. The deltaic sequence is topped with 45-m-thick eolian sandstones representing the upper part of Qasr El-Sagha Formation. This unit represents an extensive desertification phase that closes the depositional history of the succession examined.     

新疆库车坳陷中、新生界碳酸盐岩及其成因意义?

新疆库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群为与广海连通不畅的半封闭局限海湾-蒸发潟湖环境沉积，它应是新特提斯洋向北的延伸部分，其中的碳酸盐岩主要为海相蒸发潮坪环境的潮上带膏云坪，潮间带生屑滩、砂屑滩、鲕滩和潮下带泥晶灰岩、泥岩、泥晶云岩等。白垩系巴什基奇克组底部的灰黑色泥灰岩为深湖环境的沉积，分布较局限，仅见于克拉201井；白垩系巴什基奇克组中部的浅灰色透镜状泥灰岩结核是典型干旱陆上暴露环境的产物，仅在库车河剖面见零星分布。侏罗系湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布在恰克马克组，其次是阳霞组和克孜勒努尔组，在卡普沙良河剖面的恰克马克组上部，可见到大量的叠层石灰岩，它们主要形成于能量较强的浅湖环境；深灰色泥晶灰岩常与灰黑色泥岩伴生，是深湖-半深湖环境产物。以上这些不同时期不同沉积环境的碳酸盐岩具有不同规律的微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征，它们对于研究库车坳陷的沉积环境变迁和盆地演化具有重要意义。个别样品地球化学数据的偏差不能代表对整体沉积环境的判别，所以碳酸盐岩沉积环境的判别需要结合共生岩石沉积构造、沉积组合序列、古生物和沉积地球化学等资料进行综合分析。     

贵州纳雍地区含煤地层龙潭组中上段三角洲沉积体系

贵州纳雍地区含煤地层龙潭组中上段形成于三角洲沉积体系,其中中段形成于潮汐影响的河控三角州沉积体系;上段形成于坝后河控三角洲沉积体系。每一种沉积体系的持续发展形成了一个沉积幕,分别包括4个成因单元。每个成因单元代表了该沉积体系在某一阶段内受海平面升降影响而沉积的一套完整的进积至后期废弃沉积。这些沉积由5种沉积相,即上三角洲平原;下三角洲平原;水下三角洲平原;三角洲间湾（或边缘）以及三角洲废弃相组合构成。两种不同类型的三角洲沉积体系聚煤作用有着根本的差别:受潮汐影响的河控三角洲沉积体系代表了龙潭组最活动的碎屑沉积部分,聚煤差,煤层普遍不可采;坝后河控三角洲沉积体系相对较稳定,聚煤好,煤层普遍可采。不同环境和相组合中聚煤作用也不同,本区以上三角洲平原和三角洲间湾（或边缘）环境聚煤最好。总之该三角洲沉积体系是我国海陆交替相含煤地层中沉积厚度大、聚煤最丰富的三角洲沉积体系之一。     

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation in southern Jordan

The Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation of Jordan comprises approximately 200-m-thick succession of fluvial quartzarenites with subordinate claystone and siltstone lithologies of shallow marine conditions. The Umm Sahm Formation is characterized by its dark brown color, frequent jointing, and steep scarps. The Umm Sahm Formation is bounded by the marine claystones of Hiswah Formation at the top and the fluvial sandstones of the Disi Formation at the bottom. The Umm Sahm Formation is composed of two main facies: fluvial facies and tidal facies. The fluvial facies constitutes about 93% of the total thickness. The lower few meters of the succession passes upward from the Disi Sandstone Formation into similar massive white sandstone facies exhibiting similar white color, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, with round-shaped pebbles. Trough and planar cross-bedding show a northwest unidirectional palaeocurrent trend. Light brown colored quartzarenites similar to those of the Cambrian Umm Ishrin Sandstone Formation are most common in the upper part of the succession. The tidal facies occupies three intervals in the middle part of the succession. It is composed of laminated and thin-bedded sandstones, siltstones, and claystones. They are rippled and varicolored with abundant trace fossils (Cruziana, Harlania, ruzophycus). The presence of hummocky cross stratification indicates the earliest short-lived tempestite conditions during the Paleozoic erathem of Jordan. The first appearance of Graptolites in the Ordovician rocks of Jordan was recorded during this study in the tidal facies of the Umm Sahm Formation. The vertical arrangement of both fluvial and tidal facies indicates three successive short-lived transgressions and regressions. These marine incursions indicate the successive shoreline advances of the Tethys Ocean, which was located northward, and inundated the southern braid plain. The three short-lived transgressive events took place, and the Tethys marine margin was displaced southward, giving rise to deposition of tidal facies in an open coast tidal flat. Following the transgressive events, renewed progradation and strandline retreat took place, fed by large amounts of siliciclastics derived from the continent and transported by braided streams across the intertidal zone.     

安徽巢北地区五通组沉积环境分析

下扬子地区广泛发育泥盆系五通组地层, 因为处于海侵初期, 地层中陆相和海相特征共存, 导致对该组沉积环境认识上的分歧;安徽巢北地区泥盆系五通组为一套厚层砂岩夹泥岩组合, 其沉积环境和沉积特征一直不清。为此, 在前人研究成果和野外剖面实测基础上, 采用沉积学、地层学等方法, 结合室内磨片和粒度分析方法, 对其厚层砂岩段进行了详细分析, 研究发现巢湖地区五通组形成于海相沉积环境, 即具滚动组分和跳跃组分组成的多段式的后滨-前滨, 跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的前滨-上临滨, 有跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的沙泥混合坪, 结合沉积序列特点和沉积特征, 最终确定五通组的观山段下部为滨岸相的后滨-前滨的砾石海滩沉积, 观山段上部为滨岸相的前滨-上临滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段下部为滨岸相的混合坪粉砂岩泥岩沉积, 擂鼓台段中部为滨岸相的泥坪、海湾、滨岸沼泽沉积间有前滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段上部为滨岸相的含铁质的混合坪沉积。该文不仅具有理论价值, 也具有一定的教学示范作用。     

Sedimentology and stratigraphic development of the upper Nyalau Formation (Early Miocene), Sarawak,Malaysia: A mixed wave- and tide-influenced coastal system

This work presents the first detailed facies analysis of the upper Nyalau Formation exposed around Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The Lower Miocene Nyalau Formation exposures in NW Sarawak represent one of the closest sedimentological outcrop analogues to the age equivalent, hydrocarbon-bearing, offshore deposits of the Balingian Province. Nine types of facies associations are recognised in the Nyalau Formation, which form elements of larger-scale facies successions. Wave-dominated shoreface facies successions display coarsening upward trends from Offshore, into Lower Shoreface and Upper Shoreface Facies Associations. Fluvio-tidal channel facies successions consist of multi-storey stacks of Fluvial-Dominated, Tide-Influenced and Tide-Dominated Channel Facies Associations interbedded with minor Bay and Mangrove Facies Associations. Estuarine bay facies successions are composed of Tidal Bar and Bay Facies Associations with minor Mangrove Facies Associations. Tide-dominated delta facies successions coarsen upward from an Offshore into the Tidal Bar Facies Association. The Nyalau Formation is interpreted as a mixed wave- and tide-influenced coastal depositional system, with an offshore wave-dominated barrier shoreface being incised by laterally migrating tidal channels and offshore migrating tidal bars. Stratigraphic successions in the Nyalau Formation form repetitive high frequency, regressive–transgressive cycles bounded by flooding surfaces, consisting of a basal coarsening upward, wave-dominated shoreface facies succession (representing a prograding barrier shoreface and/or beach-strandplain) which is sharply overlain by fluvio-tidal channel, estuarine bay or tide-dominated delta facies successions (representing more inshore, tide-influenced coastal depositional environments). An erosion surface separates the underlying wave-dominated facies succession from overlying tidal facies successions in each regressive–transgressive cycle. These erosion surfaces are interpreted as unconformities formed when base level fall resulted in deep incision of barrier shorefaces. Inshore, fluvio-tidal successions above the unconformity display upward increase in marine influence and are interpreted as transgressive incised valley fills.     

层序地层格架下烃源岩地球化学研究:以尼日尔Termit盆地为例

如何利用有限的烃源岩样品的实验分析数据和地质资料尽可能地提高烃源岩评价和预测的精度,是当今烃源岩地球化学研究亟需解决的问题.采用层序地层学与油气地球化学相结合的方法,研究了非洲尼日尔Termit盆地基于层序地层格架下,上白垩统Yogou组烃源岩空间分布特征及有机质地球化学性质,初步展示了层序地层格架下烃源岩地球化学研究的方法、应用效果及优势.Termit盆地上白垩统Yogou组海相泥页岩是该盆地主要的烃源层,自下而上可划分为YSQ1、YSQ2和YSQ3共3个三级层序.根据层序/体系域发育特征、岩性录井和测井曲线响应特征,识别出外陆棚、内陆棚、三角洲、滨岸相泥岩及煤/炭质泥岩共5种不同沉积类型的烃源岩,不同层序与体系域具有不同的烃源岩纵向叠置关系和横向分布特征.不同类型的烃源岩有机质具有明显不同的地球化学性质:外陆棚和内陆棚泥岩有机质丰度中等-好,有机质生物来源中,低等水生生物贡献高,沉积于偏还原的沉积环境.滨岸和三角洲相泥岩有机质丰度高,具有低等水生生物和高等植物来源的双重贡献,沉积于偏氧化的沉积环境.三级层序或其体系域控制下的沉积相分布和演化导致不同类型烃源岩的发育和横向分布特征,同一沉积相类型的烃源岩具有相似的地球化学性质.与传统的以组、段为单元的烃源岩地球化学研究相比,层序地层格架下的烃源岩评价可以刻画不同层序、不同体系域和沉积相带烃源岩有机质地球化学性质的差异,提高资源评价和油-源对比的精度.      

Ichnofabric analysis of the Tithonian shallow marine sediments (Bhadasar Formation) Jaisalmer Basin,India

The shallow marine sedimentary sequence of the Jaisalmer Basin exhibits one of the important and well-developed Tithonian sedimentary outcrops for western India. The ichnology and ichnofabric of the lower part of Bhadasar Formation (i.e., Kolar Dongar Member) belonging to Tithonian age are presented and discussed. The Kolar Dongar Member represents a shallow marine succession that contains 16 ichnotaxa: Ancorichnus ancorichnus, Conichnus conicus, Gyrochorte comosa, cf. Jamesonichnites heinbergi, Imponoglyphus kevadiensis, Laevicyclus mongraensis, Monocraterion tentaculatum, Ophiomorpha nodosa, Palaeophycus tubularis, P. bolbiterminus, Phycodes palmatus, Planolites beverleyensis, Rhizocorallium isp., Rosselia rotatus, R. socialis, and Teichichnus rectus. The ichnofabric analysis divulges five distinct ichnofabrics, each typifying distinct depositional environment within shallow marine conditions. The ichnofabric Ophiomorpha 1 with syn-sedimentary faulting exemplifies high energy conditions typical of lower shoreface environment, whereas the Ophiomorpha 2 ichnofabric typifies upper shoreface environment. The Ancorichnus ichnofabric reflects lower offshore condition of deposition. The high ichnodiversity Ancorichnus–Rosselia ichnofabric is indicative of inner shelf conditions, while low ichno-diversity Teichichnus ichnofabric indicates prevalence of low energy brackish bay environment. Thus, Tithonian Kolar Dongar Member indicates depositional environment ranging from shoreface to offshore to inner shelf and finally to brackish bay environment.     

珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷珠江组沉积相带与储层特征

陆丰凹陷珠江组发育的多套砂岩储层是珠江口盆地东部重要的产油层,但对这些储层沉积特征的研究程度不足制约了下一步的勘探部署。在岩心观察的基础上,结合测井资料、岩石学特征、矿物成分、沉积构造等对珠江组砂体储层沉积相类型和物性特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区主要发育辫状河三角洲和滨岸两大沉积体系,并可进一步细分为分流河道、河口坝、远沙坝等10种沉积微相。不同的沉积相带控制不同砂体储集物性,按储层物性好坏,划分出3类沉积相带砂体储层。滩砂、滩砂水道、沿岸坝等砂体储层物性最好,上临滨、分流河道、河口沙坝次之,下临滨砂体最差。综合研究认为,寻找优质油气储层,应优先考虑最有利的形成优质储层的沉积相带。     

西昌盆地新基姑地区大箐组风暴岩特征及其地质意义

西昌盆地新基姑地区奥陶系大箐组发育典型的风暴岩.风暴沉积构造主要有底冲刷构造、砾屑层理、粒序层理和丘状交错层理等.通过剖面实测,识别出3种风暴沉积序列:序列Ⅰ主要为薄层泥晶白云岩夹黄灰色极薄层状泥岩,为风暴浪基面以下的远源风暴浊流沉积,为风暴岩序列的E1段沉积,主要发育于外缓坡下部;序列Ⅱ发育底冲刷面(A)、平行层理段...     

Detrital provenance,depositional environment,and palaeogeographic implications of Lower Triassic marine sediments in central Tibet

We present our new investigation into the depositional environment and provenance of the Yingshuiquan Formation in the central Qiangtang region of northern Tibet, in order to further our understanding of the environment of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys during the Early Triassic. The Yingshuiquan Formation is composed of oolitic limestone, calcareous sandstone, calcarenite, thin-bedded ribbon limestone, bioclastic limestone, and coarse oolite limestone that were deposited in a shallow-marine basin and contain abundant Lower Triassic conodont fossils (e.g. Hadrodontina anceps, Pachycladina sp., gen. et sp, Pachyclaina oblique, Hibbardelloides sp). We selected detrital zircons from four calcareous sandstone samples for U–Pb dating, yielding minimum age peaks of 263, 269, 275, and 280 Ma, respectively, and a minimum age of 249 Ma, based on several zircons around the same age. Analysis of the conodont biofacies and zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of calcareous sandstone indicates that the data is consistent with deposition in the Early Triassic. The Yingshuiquan Formation records Early Triassic shallow-water sediment in the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys, and has a Southern Qiangtang and Northern Qiangtang terranes provenance. During the Early Triassic, the carbonate sediments of the Yingshuiquan Formation were deposited in an active environment around the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys, which has became a residual sea basin.     

Allogenic and autogenic controls on facies and stratigraphic architecture of the Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation,Gebel Al-Maghara,North Sinai,Egypt

The Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation crops out in the core of the doubly plunging Al-Maghara anticline, North Sinai, Egypt. It represents a marine to terrestrial succession deposited within a rift basin associated with the opening of the Neotethys. Despite being one of the best and the only exposed Lower Jurassic strata in Egypt, its sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic framework has not been addressed yet. The formation is subdivided informally into a lower and upper member with different depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary facies of the lower member include shallow-marine, fluvial, tidal flat and incised valley fill deposits. In contrast, the upper member consists of strata with limited lateral extension including fossiliferous lagoonal limestones alternating with burrowed deltaic sandstones. The lower member contains three incomplete sequences (SQ1-SQ3). The depositional framework shows transgressive middle shoreface to offshore transition deposits sharply overlain by forced regressive upper shoreface sandstones (SQ1), lowstand fluvial to transgressive tidal flat and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ2), and lowstand to transgressive incised valley fills and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ3). In contrast, the upper member consists of eight coarsening-up depositional cycles bounded by marine flooding surfaces. The cycles are classified as carbonate-dominated, siliciclastic-dominated, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate. The strata record rapid changes in accommodation space. The unpredictable facies stacking pattern, the remarkable rapid facies changes, and chaotic stratigraphic architecture suggest an interplay between allogenic and autogenic processes. Particularly syndepositional tectonic pulses and occasional eustatic sea-level changes controlled the rate and trends of accommodation space, the shoreline morphology, the amount and direction of siliciclastic sediment input and rapid switching and abandonment of delta systems.     

Fusulinid biostratigraphy of the Lower Permian Zweikofel Formation (Rattendorf Group; Carnic Alps,Austria) and Lower Permian Tethyan chronostratigraphy

The Zweikofel Formation of the Rattendorf Group in the Carnic Alps (Austria) is 95–102 m thick and consists of a cyclic succession of thin‐ to thick‐bedded fossiliferous limestone and intercalated thin intervals of siliciclastic sediment. The siliciclastic intervals were deposited in a shallow marine nearshore environment. The variety of carbonate facies indicates deposition in a shallow neritic, normal‐saline, low‐ to high‐energy environment. The Zweikofel Formation is characterized by a paracyclic vertical arrangement of facies and represents sedimentary sequences that are not well understood elsewhere in the Tethys. Fusulinids and conodonts from the upper Grenzland and Zweikofel formations in the Carnic Alps clearly suggest that what has been called ‘Sakmarian’ in the Tethys includes both the Sakmarian and Artinskian stages of the Global Time scale. Fusulinids from the lower part of the Zweikofel Formation at Zweikofel closely resemble those of the Grenzland Formation and approximately correlate with the upper part of the Sakmarian and lower part of the Artinskian of the Global Time scale. The upper part of the Zweikofel Formation correlates approximately with the lower‐middle (?) parts of the Artinskian Stage of the Global Time scale. A new regional Hermagorian Stage of the Tethyan scale is proposed between the Asselian and Yakhtashian. The lower boundary of the Hermagorian Stage is proposed to be located at the base of bed 81 in the 1015 section of Darvaz (Tadzhikistan). The boundary between the Hermagorian and Yakhtashian stages is placed at the base of bed 73 in the Zweikofel section at Zweikofel, Carnic Alps. In the Darvaz region, Tadzhikistan, the type area for the Yakhtashian Stage, this boundary has never been precisely defined. The entire fusulinid assemblage of the upper part of the Grenzland and Zweikofel formations reported herein includes 62 species of 18 genera, of which one subgenus and 12 species and subspecies are new. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重庆石柱地区下奥陶统沉积微相研究

重庆石柱漆辽乡下奥陶统可划分为13种沉积微相和5种沉积亚相。结合露头沉积学研究得出该时段沉积环境的演化序列为：南津关组和分乡组下部以灰岩为主,夹陆源碎屑透镜体和鲕粒灰岩,属于局限台地亚相;分乡组的中上部以鲕粒滩和泥页岩为主,属于典型的开阔台地亚相;红花园组的底部以生物碎屑灰岩与泥岩互层为主,红花园的中上部为深灰色巨厚层含燧石结核灰岩、砾屑灰岩夹生物碎屑灰岩,分别属于台地边缘浅滩亚相和台地前缘斜坡亚相;大湾组的生物碎屑灰岩与页岩互层属于内陆棚亚相。综合分析表明研究区下奥陶统是一个水体向上变深的沉积旋回。     

Sequence stratigraphic evolution of The post-rift MEGASEQUENCE in The northern part of The Nile Delta basin,Egypt

The stratigraphic succession of the subsurface Pliocene-Quaternary post-rift megasequence in the north-central part of the Nile Delta includes the rock units; Kafr El-Sheikh Formation (Early-Middle Pliocene), El- Wastani Formation (Late Pliocene), Mit-Ghamr and Bilqas formations (Quaternary). These rock units were analyzed according to the sequence stratigraphic principles to construct their stratigraphic architecture and discuss the depositional events influencing their evolution. Accordingly, seven 3rd order depositional sequences were encountered, of which six 3rd order seismic depositional sequences (sequences 1–6) are found in the Early–Middle Pliocene Kafr El-Sheikh Formation, whereas sequence-7 includes the Quaternary rock units. Sequences 1 and 7 were further subdivided, on the basis of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy into 8 and 11 4th order subsequences respectively. The results of the sequence stratigraphic analyses suggested that the depositional evolution of the examined Pliocene-Quaternary megasequence represents a complete prograding depositional phase during the Nile Delta history. The lower part of Kafr El-Sheikh Formation (sequences 1, 2, 3 and 4) was deposited as a thick outer marine shelf succession over which the younger rock units were deposited. However, the depositional sequences 5 & 6 of Kafr El-Sheikh Formation and the lower parts of El-Wastani Formations may indicate a deposition within active prograding prodelta sub-aqueous deltaic-subenvironments. The upper parts of El-Wastani Formation were deposited as a constructive delta-front pushing its way northward. The Pleistocene Mit-Ghamr Formation was evolved as a direct result of a huge fluvial input, organized as coalescing laterally extensive sand-rich bars. These were laid-down by active fluvial distributary streams that dominated the delta plain as the final phases of the present deltaic subaqueous environments.     

皖南赣北宁国组和胡乐组沉积环境的古盐度特征及其地质意义

通过对皖南赣北地区早、中奥陶世宁国组和胡乐组合笔石黑色岩系的相当硼含量和镁铝比值的研究,揭示该时期皖南赣北海盆古海水具有不断淡化的历史;宁国组下部沉积环境的古盐度比宁国组上部以及胡乐组沉积环境的古盐度高;古海水发生明显淡化的转折期是在Ｕ．ａｕｓｔｒｏｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ带（Ｎｒ）与Ｄ．ｅｌｌｅａｓｅ带（Ｎ８ａ）的界线附近;结合笔石动物群组合面貌的变化,古盐度有可能是早、中奥陶世笔石动物群演替的外界环境因素之一。     

滇西保山施甸地区中泥盆世沉积相特征及沉积环境分析

本文运用现代沉积学的理论和手段对滇西保山施甸地区的中泥盆统进行了研究。在详细岩相、生物相特征分析的基础上,划分出泥晶灰岩相、塌积（角）砾岩相、风暴岩、亮晶灰岩相及生物灰岩相5种岩相,对工作区中泥盆世的古地理面貌、沉积环境及主要沉积作用作了较为详尽的阐述。作者认为中泥盆世该区及整个三江地区处于最大海侵期。中泥盆统主要为一套正常开放的陆棚沉积,并发育有典型碳酸盐岩风暴沉积。     

马依西勘探区含煤地层岩相及沉积环境分析

根据盘南矿区马依西井田大量地质资料分析,认为龙潭组形成于潮坪、三角洲及海湾—泻湖沉积体系,下部为潮坪—潮道沉积组合,主要由潮坪相、潮道相、沼泽及泥炭沼泽相组成,形成的煤层硫分高,连续性差;中部为三角洲沉积组合,主要由前三角洲相、三角洲前缘相及三角洲平原相组成,其煤层硫分低,稳定性好,分叉少;上部为海湾—潟湖相沉积组合,由潟湖相局部海湾相及沙洲砂坝相组成。分流河道的泛滥盆地、支流间湾、废弃河道、潮坪—潮道为本区煤层的形成提供了有利沉积环境。