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1.
Based on the natural and social conditions as well as hydrogeological characteristics of the Ryukyu limestone, a major aquifer in the Ryukyu Islands, a conception of underground dam, was proposed in the early 1970s in order to develop ground water resources in the Quaternary Ryukyu limestone regions of Japan. The practice of nearly thirty years has shown that the underground dam is an environment-friendly and effective way for developing ground water in these regions.To further improve the technology associated with underground dam, the authors introduced related analytic methods. The application of the geographical information system technology to site selection of the underground dam is reported in this paper.  相似文献   

2.
During transition from open pit extractions to underground mining of an orebody, often both the open pit and the underground workings operate simultaneously, before the former is closed. To avoid the risk of inundation, the underground workings connecting or driven closer to the open pit are isolated using bulkheads. In this paper, the authors reviewed some of the theoretical equations and norms followed worldwide for determining the safe dimensions of a bulkhead to withstand water pressure. It is found that the theoretical equations are insufficient to represent the actual mode of failure and the ultimate pressure–bearing capacity of a bulkhead, as they were developed based on only one mode of failure of the dam construction material. For better representation of the bulkhead failure and its strength determination, it is found prudent to conduct strain-softening numerical modeling simulating a real mining scenario. Mode of dam failure and effect of parameters such as dam thickness and roadway dimensions on the ultimate pressure–bearing capacity of an arched bulkhead are studied. Numerical modeling studies show that the failure initiates with tensile cracking of the dam surface, but the bulkhead ultimately fails in a combination of tension and shear yielding. On comparison, it is found that the tensile failure theories underestimate the pressure-bearing capacity of a dam, while the shear strength– and crushing strength–based equations overestimate the same. Further, an application of the numerical modeling technique for design of water-retaining dams at an underground mine for its safe isolation from the open pit is presented.  相似文献   

3.
苑雪峰 《吉林地质》2019,38(2):85-87
兴城市地处辽西走廊中部,素有"渤海明珠"之美誉,具有旅游疗养的优越条件。本文从地下拦水坝工程;地表拦水坝和引渗工程;地下水开采工程及管理监测系统等方面论述了地下水库设计方案。对地下水库建成后的库容量进行了计算。  相似文献   

4.
作者在现场工程地质勘察、试验基础上, 对我国西南某大型水电枢纽坝基所遇特殊的复杂埋藏型岩溶、承压水问题进行了研究, 弄清了坝基岩溶、承压水形成条件及发育特性, 对坝址选择及工程处理的决策具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
作者在现场工程地质勘察、试验基础上, 对我国西南某大型水电枢纽坝基所遇特殊的复杂埋藏型岩溶、承压水问题进行了研究, 弄清了坝基岩溶、承压水形成条件及发育特性, 对坝址选择及工程处理的决策具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
Empirical approaches for predicting fragmentation from blasting continue to play a significant role in the mining industry in spite of a number of inherent limitations associated with such methods. These methods can be successfully applied provided the users understand or recognize their limitations. Arguably, the most successful empirical based fragmentation models have been those applicable to surface blasting (e.g., Kuz-Ram/Kuznetsov based models). With widespread adoption of fragmentation assessment technologies in underground operations, an opportunity has arisen to extend and further develop these type approaches to underground production blasting.

This paper discusses the development of a new fragmentation modelling framework for underground ring blasting applications. The approach is based on the back-analysis of geotechnical, blasting and fragmentation data gathered at the Ridgeway sub level caving (SLC) operation in conjunction with experiences from a number of surface blasting operations.

The basis of the model are, relating a peak particle velocity (PPV) breakage threshold to a breakage uniformity index; modelling of the coarse end of the size distribution with the Rosin-Rammler distribution; and modelling the generation of fines with a newly developed approach that allows the prediction of the volume of crushing around blastholes.

Preliminary validations of the proposed model have shown encouraging results. Further testing and validation of the proposed model framework continues and the approach is currently being incorporated into an underground blast design and analysis software to facilitate its application.  相似文献   

7.
The Dalongtan Reservoir Project is located in Jingxi County of Guangxi Autonomous Region; of which the masonry dam, is 249 meters long; it was completed and impounded in 1963. The dam foundation occurred a large number of water leakage; a number of vortex of leakage appeared; water flows under the dam into lower reaches. When emptying the reservoir, it is found that some karst collapses in the reservoir bottom. The past used conventional methods can only understand a single exploration drilling vertical direction of the geological conditions, not conducive to identify foundation for the development of horizontal and cave with broken spatial distribution. CT-between electromagnetic detection with drilling technology integration, it can make up for this deficiency. CT-between electromagnetic detection Dalongtan Reservoir dam foundation in the exploration of karst results show that this approach is feasible and effective.  相似文献   

8.
渗漏是严重影响堤坝安全的主要形式,确定渗漏通道的位置是进行堤坝渗漏整治的前提和基础。温度场探测堤坝渗漏的研究是其中一种较便捷的方法,但是在理论上还需要进一步完善。在库水和地下水存在着温度差异的基础上,考虑堤坝发生集中渗漏后,渗漏通道中的地下水与周围土体进行热量交换,造成渗流通道附近地层温度发生改变,建立起温度场对渗漏通道的反演模型。在前人研究的基础上,考虑地温梯度的影响,可以建立有集中渗漏通道影响下的二维热传导方程,进而以现场测井的温度数据作为边界条件,对泛定方程进行求解,最终得到渗漏通道的位置。计算结果和实测结果的对比表明,通过温度场反推渗漏通道参数的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

9.
Landslides may obstruct river flow and result in landslide dams; they occur in many regions of the world. The formation and disappearance of natural lakes involve a complex earth–surface process. According to the lessons learned from many historical cases, landslide dams usually break down rapidly soon after the formation of the lake. Regarding hazard mitigation, prompt evaluation of the stability of the landslide dam is crucial. Based on a Japanese dataset, this study utilized the logistic regression method and the jack-knife technique to identify the important geomorphic variables, including peak flow (or catchment area), dam height, width and length in sequence, affecting the stability of landslide dams. The resulting high overall prediction power demonstrates the robustness of the proposed logistic regression models. Accordingly, the failure probability of a landslide dam can also be evaluated based on this approach. Ten landslide dams (formed after the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2009 Typhoon Morakot) with complete dam geometry records were adopted as examples of evaluating the failure probability. The stable Tsao-Ling landslide dam, which was induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, has a failure probability of 27.68% using a model incorporating the catchment area and dam geometry. On the contrary, the Tangjiashan landslide dam, which was artificially breached soon after its formation during the Wenchuan earthquake, has a failure probability as high as 99.54%. Typhoon Morakot induced the Siaolin landslide dam, which was breached within one hour after its formation and has a failure probability of 71.09%. Notably, the failure probability of the earthquake induced cases is reduced if the catchment area in the prediction model is replaced by the peak flow of the dammed stream for these cases. In contrast, the predicted failure probability of the heavy rainfall-induced case increases if the high flow rate of the dammed stream is incorporated into the prediction model. Consequently, it is suggested that the prediction model using the peak flow as causative factor should be used to evaluate the stability of a landslide dam if the peak flow is available. Together with an estimation of the impact of an outburst flood from a landslide-dammed lake, the failure probability of the landslide dam predicted by the proposed logistic regression model could be useful for evaluating the related risk.  相似文献   

10.
在搜集和梳理全球一个多世纪以来灾难性工程滑坡实例的基础上,将人类工程活动诱发的滑坡分为4种基本类型和若干亚类:①采矿工程滑坡(包括地下采空型、露天采场型、尾矿坝及排土场型);②水利水电工程滑坡(包括库区岸坡型、水库大坝型、灌溉工程型);③线性基础设施工程滑坡(包括公路及铁路工程型、油气管道工程型);(鸯城市建设复合型工程滑坡。重点剖析了国内外著名的工程滑坡灾害案例,并兼顾一般工程滑坡的共性特征进行分析,综述了各类典型工程滑坡灾害的发育特征、形成机制及部分处置措施。通过不同类型工程滑坡特征的比较分析,总结了工程滑坡成灾的教训和成功处置的经验,为未来工程项目区和城市化过程中工程滑坡的综合防治及风险减缓提供了参考。  相似文献   

11.
Summary The large underground power chambers of Ertan Hydropower Station will be built near the abutment on the left bank in a region with high initial stresses. In this paper, a statistical analysis is presented for the phenomenon of core disking in the dam site. On the basis of a number of stress measurements, the region of the river valley could be divided into three different geostress zones. It is shown that there exists a rather high horizontal stress of up to 30 MPa, and even over 60 MPa at the bottom of the river bed. A least square method has been introduced to get a continuous field of stress, which approximates the variable measured stress data.  相似文献   

12.
杨昕光  迟世春 《岩土力学》2013,34(3):721-726
基于极限分析的上限定理,提出一种土石坝极限抗震分析的新方法。该方法假定土体为理想刚塑性材料且满足相关联流动准则,将土石坝坡滑动体划分为若干水平土条,计算各滑动土条的外功率与内能耗散,然后通过能量平衡条件,利用优化算法确定土石坝的极限抗震能力。运用所提方法,对一典型心墙土石坝进行极限抗震能力分析,研究了水平条分数以及抗剪强度参数对极限抗震能力影响。计算结果表明,水平条分数对滑裂面形状影响较大而对大坝极限抗震能力影响较小。当水平条分数增加到一定数目时大坝极限抗震能力最终趋于一个稳定值。同时,堆石料的抗剪强度对大坝极限抗震能力影响较大。通过与传统的极限平衡法对比,验证了所提方法的正确性与可行性。  相似文献   

13.
湖南新田水浸窝水库渗漏分析及其治理   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
水浸窝水库是采用全封闭式堵洞而成的地下、地表水库。其渗漏类型按渗漏及出流状况分,属于集中管道渗漏、集中管道式出流;以渗漏场在水库中所处的地貌部位分,属于近坝库岸渗漏类型(坝下渗漏)。解决该水库渗漏的最佳方案是在原坝址上游83. 0m处修建新坝并辅以适当的帷幕灌浆处理。该处工程地质条件好,无需清基,坝前有天然通气孔,经济安全。   相似文献   

14.
M. Peng  L. M. Zhang 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1899-1923
The Tangjiashan landslide dam was formed during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and posed high risks to 1.2?million people downstream the dam. A human risk analysis model (HURAM) reported in the companion paper is applied to evaluate the human risk in the Tangjiashan landslide dam failure. The characteristics of this landslide dam are introduced first. The breaching parameters in two cases (i.e., the actual case and a high erodibility case) are predicted with a physically based model, and the flood routing processes in these two cases are simulated using numerical analysis. The population at risk downstream of the landslide dam is then obtained based on the results of the flood routing simulations. Subsequently, the human risks are analyzed with HURAM using Bayesian networks. Fourteen influence parameters and their interrelationships are considered in a systematic structure in the case study. A change in anyone of them may affect the other parameters and leads to loss of life. HURAM allows not only cause-to-result inference, but also result-to-cause inference by updating the Bayesian network with specific information from the study case. The uncertainties of the parameters and their relationships are studied both at the global level using multiple sources of information and at the local level by updating the prior probabilities.  相似文献   

15.
屋檐洞溶洼水库坝体工程条件与渗漏分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
溶洼成库,是岩溶区地下水开发的主要途径之一。屋檐洞溶洼水库是封堵地下河形成的地下、地表联合水库,堵体位于距地表182m的地下河道中。除主体工程外,坝体上部有厚110m的松散堆积作为天然坝体。通过实地勘测、钻探及物探等成果资料和地下河试堵工程观察分析,上部松散体主要由滑坡堆积而成。本文对滑坡体的成因条件和坝体工程地质特征进行分析,认为滑坡是由水流冲刷、地貌、岩体结构及外应力等的共同作用产生的,对坝体的稳定具有一定的影响,但滑坡体渗漏是成库的关键。按不同渗漏条件,可分为上部松散体及岩溶裂隙和层间错动带的渗漏,渗漏点分布于550m高程以上。通过研究,该坝体在采取相应工程措施处理的基础上,蓄水高程可达650m左右,可形成以地下河道为主要蓄水空间的溶洼水库。  相似文献   

16.
A MATLAB based backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model has been developed. Two major geo-engineering applications, namely, earth slope movement and ground movement around tunnels, are identified. Data obtained from case studies are used to train and test the developed model and the ground movement is predicted with the help of input variables that have direct physical significance. A new approach is adopted by introducing an infiltration coefficient in the network architecture apart from antecedent rainfall, slope profile, groundwater level and strength parameters to predict the slope movement. The input variables for settlement around underground excavations are taken from literature. The neural network models demonstrate a promising result predicting fairly successfully the ground behavior in both cases. If input variables influencing output goals are clearly identified and if a decent number of quality data are available, backpropagation neural network can be successfully applied as mapping and prediction tools in geotechnical investigations.  相似文献   

17.
乌东德水电站坝址河段地热异常问题因涉及热水塘断层活动性、地下工程地质环境等而倍受各方关注,为此进行了专门地质调查和分析研究。认为:坝址河段地热异常与热水塘断层有关,但并非热水塘断层活动的证据; 沿断层分布的温泉属中-低温型,其形成源于特殊的地形地貌与地质结构,成因为(含水)地层-断层复合控制模式; 热水塘断层不属于工程活动断层,不影响邻近坝址的成立,但沿该断层发育的温泉与邻近地段地热异常有关,将对乌东德水电站地下工程施工带来不利,应采取适当工程措施处理。  相似文献   

18.
岩石质量指标RQD是反映工程岩体完整程度的定量参数,广泛用于水利水电、矿山、地下工程、交通工程等岩体稳定性评价,但是传统的RQD定义不能满足实际工程岩体各相异性要求。针对贵州黔中水利枢纽工程拱坝坝基岩体结构面特征,利用Monte-Carlo法在计算机上生成岩体节理三维网络图,建立了模拟计算不同阀值t的岩石质量指标RQDt的计算机模拟方法。该方法能较真实客观地描述岩石质量。  相似文献   

19.
平寨水库坝址区以碳酸盐岩为主,岩溶较发育,水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞,是水库地下工程施工开挖中揭露的规模最大、对水库渗漏影响最大、设计及施工处理难度最大的溶洞。本文以工程前期地质勘察工作为基础,在区域地貌、地质构造格局、地层岩性、地表及地下水系发育特征研究的基础上,结合工程防渗施工揭露的岩溶水文地质现象、洞穴充填物研究等,从可溶性岩层、地下水来源及运移途径、暗河冲刷与洞顶坍塌作用4个方面,对溶洞发育形成机制进行了研究。分析认为,鸡场背斜北西翼纵向张裂隙和横张裂隙及层间滑脱、断裂破碎带,为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下水向三岔河的径流提供了运移的原始空间与通道,形成溶洞的地下水为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下暗河,长期溶蚀作用使裂隙通道变为溶蚀宽缝并最终转化为岩溶管道,岩溶水沿此通道在左岸底层灌浆廊道桩号0+238~0+296m附近下中部岩体呈虹吸状循环,地下水的强烈冲刷与洞顶坍塌在溶洞形成过程中的作用巨大,后因深部径流条件改变,岩溶管道被逐渐堵塞,形成如今的大型充填溶洞。  相似文献   

20.
商志红 《工程地质学报》2008,16(S1):419-423
苍南县铁场水库是马站平原低产田改造规划的一项骨干工程。水库以防洪、供水为主,结合灌溉、发电。水库大坝设计为浆砌石拱坝。大坝建成后,由于各种因素影响,分缝处及附近砌石体出现漏水情况,特别是在高程89m以上尤为严重。在对本工程地质条件分析基础上,采取钻孔取芯、井下电视等手段对坝体病害进行检测,进一步提出相应的灌浆技术方案,开展钻孔冲洗和压水试验进行灌浆效果检验。  相似文献   

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