变厚度钢板内芯防屈曲支撑试验研究

提出了一种变厚度钢板内芯防屈曲支撑（VTBRB）。设计了2个足尺变厚度钢板内芯防屈曲支撑试件,其中:1个试件在变厚度内芯端部设置加劲肋;另1个试件采用无肋式变厚度内芯。通过拟静力试验分析了2种内芯构造形式对变厚度钢板内芯防屈曲支撑的滞回性能、失效模式、受压承载力调整系数和累计塑性变形等的影响。研究表明:2个变厚度钢板内芯防屈曲支撑均表现较好的抗震耗能特性,其受压承载力调整系数均满足相关规范的限值要求。设置加劲肋可以减少变厚度内芯端部无粘结材料的磨损,并可以有效提高变厚度内芯防屈曲支撑的低周疲劳性能。     

基于OpenSees的防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架数值模拟

提出了一种既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固方法,该法采用防屈曲支撑提高框架结构体系的水平承载力和耗能能力,利用外包钢进一步提高柱子的抗弯和抗剪承载力。采用开源有限元程序OpenSees,分别建立空钢筋混凝土框架和防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,对2榀钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能进行模拟。防屈曲支撑采用了弹塑性桁架单元模型,加固框架柱混凝土考虑了外包钢的约束作用。将分析结果与拟静力试验结果进行比较,以检验分析模型的准确性,以及研究防屈曲支撑和外包钢对混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,验证了基于OpenSees建立的数值模型的准确性;外包钢有效改善了框架柱的抗弯承载力和变形能力;防屈曲支撑显著提高了加固框架体系的水平刚度、水平承载力和耗能能力。     

钢铅组合防屈曲支撑的滞回性能与参数研究

为简化防屈曲支撑的加工工艺,提高防屈曲支撑的初始刚度和在小变形下的耗能能力,基于现有防屈曲支撑在截面形式与构造方式上的特点,提出了一种新型钢铅组合防屈曲支撑并进行了构造设计。通过有限元数值模拟,分析了钢铅组合防屈曲支撑的耗能特性与效果,建立了恢复力简化模型,并根据理想弹塑性材料本构关系推导出滞回规则。通过对不同设计参数的理论分析和数值模拟,分析了钢铅屈服力比、铅剪切面长宽比、核心段宽厚比和耗能段长度等参数对防屈曲支撑滞回性能的影响。研究结果表明,钢铅组合防屈曲支撑能够提供较大的抗侧刚度,耗能效果良好,加工工艺简单,适合工程应用。     

防屈曲耗能支撑研究与应用的新进展

防屈曲耗能支撑是一种性能优良的新型耗能减震构件。本文阐述了防屈曲耗能支撑的构成和基本原理,根据约束构件的不同材料形式,将防屈曲耗能支撑划分为混凝土约束型防屈曲耗能支撑、全钢型防屈曲耗能支撑和装配式防屈曲耗能支撑。分别介绍了防屈曲耗能支撑的类型与性能、防屈曲耗能支撑框架分析与子结构试验,以及防屈曲耗能支撑在工程中的应用情况和标准化。指出了防屈曲耗能支撑研究和推广应用中存在的问题,给出了今后研究与应用的建议。     

端部加强型双重钢管防屈曲支撑试验研究

为了研究端部加强型双重钢管防屈曲支撑的力学性能,检验间隙及约束比变化对支撑性能的影响,设计并制作了6个防屈曲支撑试件,通过低周循环加载静力试验,研究了力-位移滞回曲线、恢复力模型、割线刚度变化规律、粘滞等效阻尼比、耗能系数等滞回性能,并比较研究了间隙及约束比变化对防屈曲支撑性能的影响.研究表明:端部加强型双重钢管防屈曲支撑性能稳定,延性较高,具有良好的耗能性能和抗低周疲劳特性,其恢复力特性可以采用双线性模型进行描述;间隙应控制在合理的范围内,大于2mm或为0mm时均不利于内核钢管材料强度的发挥,影响支撑的耗能及延性;随着约束比的增大,耗能能力增强,但增加的幅度变小,在满足约束比限值情况下,约束比的变化对支撑的性能不产生明显的影响.     

带防屈曲支撑的钢管混凝土框架抗震性能参数分析

设置防屈曲支撑的钢管混凝土框架是一种新型钢管混凝土减震结构。采用有限元软件Opensees对设置防屈曲支撑的单层单跨钢管混凝土减震框架进行数值模拟,研究了框架梁柱线刚度比、防屈曲支撑初始刚度以及钢管混凝土柱轴压比等设计参数对该减震结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明：1数值模拟和试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性;2梁柱线刚度比在0.1~0.3之间变化时,钢管混凝土减震框架的抗震性能较好;3BRB耗能支撑的初始刚度K1在40~80kN/mm变化时,减震框架的耗能减震效应较明显;4在合理的钢管混凝土柱轴压比范围内,当轴压比较大时,在钢管混凝土框架中设置防屈曲支撑能明显地提高结构的耗能能力和改善结构的强度退化现象。     

防屈曲支撑的工作机理及稳定性设计方法

防屈曲支撑(BRBs)是一种兼具普通支撑和金属耗能阻尼器双重功能的新型支撑形式。虽然其概念简单明确,但是工作机理却较为复杂,而目前人们对此类支撑的本质工作机理还没有得到充分的认识,因此很难提出较为全面合理的构件稳定性设计方法。本文对防屈曲支撑的工作机理进行了剖析,比较了目前已有的构件整体稳定性设计方法并指出了其中存在的问题,进一步提出应重点考虑间隙、边界条件以及摩擦力等因素的"强度-刚度"整体稳定设计方法的观点;从理论上推导了支撑内芯屈服段与约束构件之间的局部挤压力计算公式,揭示了支撑构件局部失稳破坏的机理,并进一步提出应重点考虑内芯板件宽厚比、间隙以及局部约束条件三者相关关系的支撑构件局部稳定设计方法的观点。     

防屈曲支撑的研究现状及关键理论问题

防屈曲支撑(BRB)是一种兼具普通支撑和金属阻尼器双重功能的支撑形式,但是必须在通过合理构造以及合理设计方法对各种可能出现的屈曲破坏形态进行有效约束的前提下,防屈曲支撑才能够充当阻尼器的功能。从轴力传递的角度来说,防屈曲支撑中的支撑内芯与约束构件之间是分工的,但从侧向变形约束的角度来说,上述两者又是共同工作的,正是这种相互作用使得此类支撑的工作机理、力学性能以及设计方法均不同于普通支撑,其中的关键理论问题主要表现在支撑内芯与约束构件的相互接触作用、构件稳定性设计方法以及框架与BRB的相互作用等问题上。本文主要针对防屈曲支撑的关键理论问题介绍其研究进展,并指出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

铝管约束轻型防屈曲支撑的实验研究

针对传统的混凝土灌浆型和全钢型防屈曲支撑质量较大,无法适用于大跨空间结构等轻型建筑的问题,本文提出一种铝管约束轻型防屈曲支撑的设计方法。在核心钢管和约束管间设置不同宽度的间隙并对部分核心钢管进行开孔,通过拉压往复试验,研究了间隙和开孔对试件性能的影响,得到构件的相关恢复力特征,并分析了试件相关参数对耗能特性的影响。结果表明,本文设计的轻型防屈曲约束支撑,滞回曲线饱满,耗能效果良好;核心钢管宜开孔且支撑间隙应设置在1 mm左右,以减轻试件端部压力并简化施工工艺。     

间隙与支座类型对开孔三重钢管防屈曲耗能支撑性能的影响

利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对开孔三重钢管防屈曲耗能支撑进行拉压循环荷载作用下的滞回性能、支撑的承载力及核心管的应力和变形进行模拟分析,研究了核心管与内外约束管之间的间隙和支撑的支座类型对支撑性能的影响。研究结果表明:当间隙为0 mm时,防屈曲耗能支撑在加载过程中出现套箍效应和整体屈曲现象;当间隙为1~2 mm时,加载过程中不出现套箍效应和屈曲现象;当间隙大于3 mm时,三钢管出现明显的弯曲,建议支撑的间隙控制在1~2 mm之间;当支座类型为铰接时,支撑还没屈服就已经屈曲;当支座类型为半刚接时,加载到38 mm时支撑发生屈曲;当支座类型为刚接时,支撑在加载的过程中不出现屈曲现象,在设计的过程中按铰接考虑是偏于安全的。     

Design and full‐scale experimental evaluation of a seismically endurant steel buckling‐restrained brace system

This paper presents the results of 12 full‐scale tests on buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) specimens. A simple‐to‐fabricate all‐steel encasing joined by high‐strength bolts was used as the buckling‐restrainer mechanism. Steel BRBs offer significant energy dissipation capability through nondeteriorating inelastic response of an internal ductile core. However, seismic performance of BRBs is characterized by interaction between several factors. In this experimental study, the effects of core‐restrainer interfacial condition, gap size, loading history, bolt spacing, and restraining capacity are evaluated. A simple hinge detail is introduced at the brace ends to reduce the flexural demand on the framing components. Tested specimens with bare steel contact surfaces exhibited satisfactory performance under the American Institute of Steel Construction qualification test protocol. The BRBs with friction‐control self‐adhesive polymer liners and a graphite‐based dry lubricant displayed larger cumulative inelastic ductility under large‐amplitude cyclic loading, exceeding current code minimum requirements. The BRB system is also examined under repeated fast‐rate seismic deformation history. This system showed significant ductility capacity and remarkable endurance under dynamic loading. Furthermore, performance is qualified under long‐duration loading history from subduction zone's megathrust type of earthquake. Predictable and stable performance of the proposed hinge detail was confirmed by the test results. Internally imposed normal thrust on the restrainer is measured using series of instrumented bolts. Weak‐ and strong‐axis buckling responses of the core are examined. Higher post‐yield stiffness was achieved when the latter governed, which could be advantageous to the overall seismic response of braced frames incorporating BRBs.     

采用软钢阻尼器连接的L形装配式剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

基于"强水平缝弱竖向缝"的设计理念,对采用软钢阻尼器直接连接腹板墙和翼缘墙的L形装配式剪力墙试件进行低周反复荷载试验。试验结果表明试件的整体工作性能良好,其位移延性系数均大于2.6,具有良好的变形性能;阻尼器平面内工作性能良好,能够实现屈服耗能。设计中应考虑阻尼器的屈服力对单片墙肢轴压比的影响,以满足规范对试件轴压比的要求,同时避免试件在两个加载方向的承载力产生较大差异。     

T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱抗震性能数值分析

为研究非对称配钢钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能,基于12根T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱的拟静力试验研究进行非线性数值模拟,了解其破坏机制、承载力、延性及耗能能力,探讨轴压比、配钢率、剪跨比对抗震性能的影响。结果表明,低周反复荷载作用下T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的延性和耗能能力。在峰值荷载前,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。轴压力在一定范围内提高了试件承载力,但降低了延性;增大配钢率能提高试件的承载力、刚度和延性,使得峰值荷载后试件的性能退化趋于平缓;剪跨比对试件破坏形态有显著影响,随剪跨比的增大试件延性性能提高。     

高强钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过对采用高强钢筋的6片T形混凝土短肢剪力墙和采用高强钢筋高强混凝土的6片L形短肢剪力墙进行低周往复加载试验,研究了T形和L形的破坏形态与性能差异,分析了高厚比、轴压比、配箍间距等参数对构件破坏形态、滞回耗能、骨架曲线、延性及耗能等抗震性能的影响,对比分析了构件与普通短肢剪力墙的抗震性能差异。试验结果表明:采用腹板端部箍筋加密的方式可减轻构件端部的损伤和降低正负向加载时承载力和延性的不对称性;T形构件中高厚比为5的试件表现为弯曲破坏,其他构件表现为弯剪破坏;试验中高厚比小的构件相对于高厚比大的试件延性耗能更好,轴压比增大,构件承载力提高但延性降低;与普通短肢剪力墙相比,T形短肢剪力墙承载力和变形能力提高,耗能增加,L形短肢剪力墙承载力提高较大,极限位移增大,构件后期变形能力略有降低,但可以满足抗震性能要求。     

Hybrid experimental performance of a full‐scale two‐story buckling‐restrained braced RC frame

This paper proposes a novel implementation of buckling‐restrained braces (BRB) in new reinforced concrete (RC) frame construction. Seismic design and analysis methods for using a proposed steel cast‐in anchor bracket (CAB) to transfer normal and shear forces between the BRB and RC members are investigated. A full‐scale two‐story RC frame with BRBs (BRB‐RCF) is tested using hybrid and cyclic loading test procedures. The BRBs were arranged in a zigzag configuration and designed to resist 70% of the story shear. The gusset design incorporates the BRB axial and RCF actions, while the beam and column members comply with ACI 318‐14 seismic design provisions. Test results confirm that the BRBs enhanced the RCF stiffness, strength, and ductility. The hysteresis energy dissipation ratios in the four hybrid tests range from 60% to 94% in the two stories, indicating that BRBs can effectively dissipate seismic input energy. When the inter‐story drift ratio for both stories reached 3.5% in the cyclic loading test, the overall lateral force versus deformation response was still very stable. No failure of the proposed steel CABs and RC discontinuity regions was observed. This study demonstrates that the proposed design and construction methods for the CABs are effective and practical for real applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢框架加劲肋壁板结构的受力失稳性能研究

钢框架壁板由于在宏观上参与了整体建筑结构的受力,为钢框架构件承担部分外荷载,使得壁板结构在受力性能方面需要进一步改善。加劲肋壁板可以保证其与外框架的连接状况较好,改善整体构件的受力性能。为此,提出钢框架加劲肋壁板结构的受力失稳性能研究。采用动力学分析方法计算壁板结构位移值,依照位移值大小判断壁板结构是否处于稳定状态,获取壁板结构稳定性。利用实例测试分析钢框架加劲肋壁板结构的受力失稳性能,发现滞回曲线形状拥有梭形滞回曲线的特点,整个结构受力后具有塑性变形性能与抗震性能;骨架曲线反映出实验试件承载力支持第一阶段壁板结构弹性设计所需且提供第二阶段弹塑性抗震设计所需以及延性要求,本文检测模型能够判断钢结构建筑壁板结构失稳性。     

Development of a new rubber seismic isolator: ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’

This paper presents an experimental research aimed at developing a new rubber‐based seismic isolator called ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’. The BRB is composed of a conventional steel‐reinforced multi‐layered rubber bearing with its central hole filled with small diameter steel balls that are used to provide energy dissipation capacity through friction. A large set of BRBs with different geometrical and material properties are manufactured and tested under reversed cyclic horizontal loading at different vertical compressive load levels. Extensive test results indicate that steel balls do not only increase the energy dissipation capacity of the elastomeric bearing (EB), but also increase its horizontal and vertical stiffness. It is also observed that the energy dissipation capacity of a BRB does not degrade as the number of loading cycles increases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型变形可恢复SMA阻尼器力学性能的研究

利用形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,简称"SMA"）丝材的超弹性与复位弹簧特性,开发出一种新型变形可恢复SMA阻尼器,以增强其变形可恢复的能力。同时,为了解决SMA丝材在实际工程中锚固难的问题,提出了一种新型可调节夹具,不仅解决了SMA丝材的不易锚固问题,而且增强了调节预应变的能力。对所提出的新型SMA阻尼器进行了循环加载试验研究和数值仿真分析,探讨不同加载频率及位移幅值对其力学性能的影响,建立了恢复力模型。结果表明:新型SMA阻尼器在循环荷载作用下滞回性能稳定,具有良好的耗能性能;内置弹簧对新型SMA阻尼器变形可恢复能力有较大帮助。基于所建立恢复力模型的数值模拟结果与试验结果符合情况很好,验证了阻尼器恢复力力模型的正确性。     

Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete (SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.     

CFRP布约束增强高强混凝土柱抗震性能数值分析

采用地震工程开源模拟软件OpenSees（Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation）对CFRP（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料）布加固高强钢筋混凝土方柱的抗震性能进行了数值分析。采用Steel02Material和Concrete02Material材料本构模型模拟了CFRP布加固高强混凝土方柱的抗震性能;在此基础上,进一步研究了轴压比和剪跨比这2个因素对试件抗震性能的影响。将所得数值分析结果与相同条件下的试验结果对比后发现：基于Steel02 Material和Concrete02 Material材料本构,利用OpenSees,可以较好地模拟CFRP布加固高强混凝土方柱的抗震性能,并且与试验结果（滞回曲线、骨架曲线、水平承载力和位移延性系数）能够较好地吻合,从而说明该数值分析方法还可以准确地反映出轴压比和剪跨比对高强混凝土柱抗震性能的影响规律。