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单胞藻是动物体的基础饵料,海水养殖的发展在很大程度上依赖单胞藻,而扁藻广泛应用于贝苗和虾苗生产中。本文集有关国外扁藻培养的生长、生态因子和生产性分析方法的有关文献、资料,借此向读者作一介绍,可以他山之石,为我所用。 相似文献
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扇贝亲贝育肥,充足的饵料供应是关键问题之一。以活的单胞藻为饵料,需要同时培养,经常供不应求,影响正常生产。中国科学院海洋研究所,研制了以螺旋藻干粉为主要原料的扇贝亲贝育肥饵料——“SB—A型扇贝高级营养剂”。于1989年3至4月,在山东威海市水产育苗场,进行了海湾扇贝亲贝育肥试验,试验证明:用SB—A饵料饲养,海湾扇贝亲贝成活率、性腺发育指数、产卵量和孵化率接近或相当于常规活单胞藻饵料的效果,基本上可以代替活单胞藻饵料。SB—A饵料的研制成功是一个重大突破。该所于1989年4月底在威海市召开了现场验收会,专家们一致认为,试验效果良好,使用方法简便实用,可明显降低饵料成本,应用SB—A型配合饵料于海湾扇贝育肥生产,在国内外尚未见报导。 相似文献
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滤食性贝类营养需求和代用饲料研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
NUTRITIONREQUIREMENTANDARTIFICIALDIETOFFILTER-FEEDINGBIVALIA:AREVIEW1997年我国海水养殖产量为7.91X106t,其中贝类为6.5X106t,占82.2%。目前,在海洋双壳贝类人工育苗过程中,使用的饵料主要是活的单胞藻,此间要涉及两个技术环节,即单胞藻的培养和亲贝的培育。对单胞藻的依赖所造成的技术困难和高成本早已引起了人们的重视。为解决这一问题,人们开始研究在育苗过程中使用代用饲料或配合饲料代替单胞藻。目前对于贝类代用饲料的研究主要集中于贻贝、扇贝和牡蛎等一些重要的经济贝类。1对主要营养物… 相似文献
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1993年,于文登市小观海珍品育苗养殖场,在海湾扇贝和对虾育苗结束后,利用其配套的单胞藻培养地进行真鲷育苗,利用对虾育苗池和卤虫孵化池培养轮虫。在不增加任何设备的前提下,育成全长3.01~6.50cm,平均全长3.44cm的真鲷商品鱼种161116尾,从仔鱼培育到商品苗种的成活率达到24.72%,平均单位水体出苗量达到2685尾,1993年7月19日通过了文登市科委组织的验收。正材料和方法1.1育苗设施亲鱼产卵池(1个)和鱼苗培育池(6个)皆用单胞藻培养池(规格为3.8m×3.7m×0.8m,水… 相似文献
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海产单胞藻沉淀方法的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
1994年对运动的和不运动的单胞藻进行了浓缩方法的研究,其目的就是筛选毒副作用小、浓缩沉淀效果好、成本低的海产单胞藻凝絮剂,为单胞藻的开发利用提供一种方法。1 材料和方法1.1 材料藻种 球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana);小新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosteriumfarmaminutissima)。培养用水 取自太平角的自然海水,沉淀、过滤、消毒,盐度为31~32.5,pH:7.91~8.1,在30L的有机玻璃桶中培养,水温20±2℃。所用凝絮剂 氯化铁[FeCl3·6H2O](A.R),明矾[KAl(SO4)212H2O](A.R),聚丙烯酰胺(A.R)[CH2CHCONH2]n,聚合氯化铝(C.P)[Al2(OH… 相似文献
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1合理控制单胞藻培育水体与育苗水体之比例1.1亲贝促熟培养时期在亲贝蓄养时,饵料培养水体应为亲贝培育水体1倍以上,才能满足其需求,后期为1.2~1.5倍,开始为0.8倍。1.2幼虫时期一般单胞藻水体为育苗水体的1/2,前期低些,投附着基后高些。2贝类不同发育期选择不同的单胞藻2.1亲贝培育阶段应选择繁殖快,易培养,对亲贝发育有利的种类,如新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosteium)、三角褐指藻(Phaecdactylum tricornutumBohlin),等鞭藻3011(Isochry… 相似文献
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利用面包酵母在室内高密度培养褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),并用培养的轮虫进行远海梭子蟹育苗。结果发现,接种200个/mL,经8d培养,轮虫密度可达3075个/mL。用高密度培养而又未经营养强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫作为开口饵料及培养饵料,再配合单胞藻和卤虫,用于远海梭子蟹育苗,育苗期(至大眼幼体)为14-16d,培育至幼蟹一期,成活率达17%。 相似文献
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通过脊尾白虾蚤状幼体饵料种类、饵料组合和食物密度的比较试验 ,研究了脊尾白虾育苗的适宜开口饵料和育苗期饵料组合 ,测定了不同时期蚤状幼体的捕食率及其日粮。结果表明 :饵料种类对脊尾白虾蚤状幼体 期 (Z1)至 期 (Z2 )的变态率和变态所需时间没有明显影响 ,Z1可以不投饵 ,但适量投喂单胞藻或轮虫 ,能明显提高 Z2 活力和 Z2 至 Z3 的变态率。人工培育脊尾白虾蚤状幼体的适宜饵料是卤虫无节幼体 ,在幼体培育前期 (Z1)投喂单胞藻、轮虫 ,后期 (Z3 以后 )添加鱼糜效果也很好。蚤状幼体对卤虫无节幼体的捕食率和日粮随幼体发育而明显增加 ,同一发育时期则随饵料密度的增大而增加 ,但达到一定密度后 ,捕食率增幅明显下降。根据幼体日粮难以确定育苗期间卤虫无节幼体的最佳投喂方案 相似文献
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大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明:(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近,亲贝都能成熟,排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育,性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2)紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝,都能满足亲贝的性腺发育,进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3)用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较,能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明。由大型藻生产单细胞饵料,在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1987,24(5):701-710
The seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida (Fabricius), is mostly found in piles of decomposing seaweed deposited on the seashore which form its only breeding sites. It is shown that C. frigida can complete its life cycle in a wide variety of marine algae, and that the larvae are unable to survive without some, as yet unidentified, consituent of seaweed. The larvae also have a requirement for a microbial gut flora which probably derives from the bacterial flora naturally associated with algae growing in the sea. After deposition of the seaweed on the shore, the bacterial population increases enormously, and is ingested by the feeding Coelopa larvae. The dietary requirement for bacteria can be satisfied by a variety of pure bacterial cultures of marine origin, and also by pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is suggested that the microbial cells are being used by the larvae as their principal source of energy. The bacterial populations naturally found on stranded seaweed are grazed by the feeding larvae. It is the combined activities of microbial and insect populations that result in rapid decomposition of the seaweed. The ecological relationships between marine algae, the microbial flora, and dipteran larvae are discussed. 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹人工半咸水工厂化育苗试验研究报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在盐度为14—19‰的人工海水中,温度20—25℃条件下,189只平均体重100g的抱卵亲蟹产蚤状幼体4025万只。布苗密度为50—100万只/m~3为宜。必须经常换水,保持水质良好。人工饵料以单胞藻和丰年虫无节幼体为主,可适当加喂蛋黄。 相似文献
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The mechanisms maintaining community structure following an ecosystem shift are poorly understood and we propose that they must inherently be biological. Over-exploitation can provide a “natural experiment” with man as a predator driving a change in community structure, possibly an ecosystem shift. We examined a possible mechanism that maintains algal beds as an alternative state on the east coast of South Africa where the mussel Perna perna has been overexploited. Even on unexploited shores, about 50% of mussel larvae settle onto algae, but it is unclear whether they later recruit into adult beds. On such shores we used two indirect field approaches to understand the fate of recruits, testing whether inhibition of mussel recruitment by macroalgae could constitute a biological mechanism preventing reversion from the algal to the pre-disturbance mussel-dominated state. First, we examined possible ontogenetic migration of recruits from algae to adult mussels, testing the prediction that the ratio large:small recruits in adult beds is greater where algae are liberally interspersed with mussels. Second, we examined whether, like adults, recruits show spatial structure that is related to the distribution of topographic depressions, testing the hypothesis that large and small recruits show different co-variation with depressions, microhabitats where algae commonly occur. We found no evidence that recruits on algae actively move to nearby mussel beds as neither the ratio large:small recruits nor the abundances of small or large recruits showed any relationship with algal cover/variability. Small and large recruits showed different co-variation with topographic depressions on spatially structured transects. Like adults, large recruits commonly exhibited negative relationships with depressions. Thus, large recruits neither occur on algae nor migrate from algae to the primary substratum or onto adult beds. Consequently our results (a) highlight the importance of post-settlement mortality in structuring these mussel populations, and (b) suggest that the interception of larvae by algae forms a biological mechanism that can maintain macroalgal beds that develop following exploitative disturbance by man, thus preventing or at least drastically delaying the natural recovery of mussel beds. 相似文献