耐旱苔藓植物DNA提取及优化RAPD、 ISSR反应体系的建立

 耐旱苔藓植物常常单个个体矮小、生物量低,如何从细小的单个个体中有效提取总DNA是进一步开展居群遗传多样性研究的关键。本研究以古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的刺叶墙藓（Tortula desertorum）为对象,使用快速提取法、2×CTAB法及DNeasy plant mini kit试剂盒提取法等3种方法对刺叶墙藓单个个体的总DNA进行提取。结果表明,2×CTAB法提取的DNA纯度高,凝胶电泳显示无明显降解现象,适宜作为PCR扩增的模板。利用所提取的单个个体DNA为模板,建立了优化的RAPD、ISSR反应体系。     

沙生濒危物种霸王的高频植株再生研究

实验选用霸王无菌苗的茎尖、子叶、下胚轴和胚根作为材料,研究霸王不同外植体的离体培养技术。结果表明,霸王茎尖是诱导丛生芽的良好外植体,而子叶、下胚轴和胚根是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体;霸王茎尖的最适增殖培养基是:MS+6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1;最适生根培养基是:MS+IAA 1.5 mg·L-1;最适愈伤组织诱导培养基是:MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1或MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1。沙质基质为霸王组培苗过渡的最佳基质。     

盐胁迫对霸王水势的影响

2007年8月采用PSYPRO水势仪,测定了青海省农林科学院林业所试验基地盆栽霸王的叶水势、土壤水势及大气水势,并对霸王叶水势在不同土壤盐胁迫下的日变化进行了动态观测,分析了不同土壤盐胁迫条件下影响霸王叶水势变化的主要影响因子。结果表明,在土壤水分充足的条件下,霸王能在盐分浓度为1.5%的土壤中生长,此时叶水势值大小的比较为0>0.5%>1.5%;叶水势与土壤水势相关性的比较为0>0.5%>1.5%,与大气水势相关性的比较为0.5%>0>1.5%。     

高碳铬铁EDXRF分析中的制样条件优化

利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析技术(EDXRF)检测高碳铬铁,能实现对主次组分的同时测量,且无需对铬铁样品进行化学处理.实验以荧光强度和测试精密度为指标,采用单因素试验考察了粉末压片制样过程中称样量、粘结剂种类与用量、研磨时间、压片压力、保压时间等制样条件对测量结果的影响趋势,并将优化后的条件用于对高碳铬铁的检测.结果...     

蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子超干保存效果的研究

采用硅胶干燥法对蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子进行超干处理,以研究超干处理对种子活力和种子生理特性的影响。试验结果表明,蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子有较高耐脱水性,含水量分别降至4.67%和3.89%,种子活力虽略有下降,但明显高于对照,细胞膜也能够保持较好的完整性,脱氢酶活性、a-淀粉酶活性、呼吸强度也都较对照高,可见4.67%和3.89%分别是蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子超干保存的最适含水量。     

用于RAPD分析的沙拐枣DNA提取方法

DNA分子标记技术是检测遗传差异的一种新技术,特别是RAPD技术,应用更为广泛。DNA质量是保证RAPD分析成功的关键。本文用改进的SDS法对沙拐枣属植物种子的总DNA进行了提取。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明:得到的DNA片段大小在20kb以上;通过PCR扩增实验,证明用此方法提取的DNA,可直接用于随机扩增的DNA多态性(RAPD)遗传标记。     

干旱胁迫下钠复合肥对霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)根系生长的促进作用

霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。     

荒漠植物霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)不同大小叶片C、N、P化学计量特征

对荒漠植物霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)不同大小叶片的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量比特征进行了研究.结果表明:随着单叶重量(ILM)、单叶面积(ILA)和比叶面积重量(LMA)的增加,叶片C、N、P含量迅速降低后趋于稳定,叶片C∶N和C∶P值均逐渐增大,而叶片N∶P值则先升高后逐渐趋于稳定.本研究采集叶片单叶重量变异系数为55.44％,而叶片C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P值变异系数均小于25％,其大小排序为:P(22.6％)＞N(15.21％)＞N∶ P(14.67％)＞C∶ P(13.30％)＞C(12.18％)＞C∶ N(8.81％).     

不同盐碱环境中宁夏枸杞叶生理特征和RAPD分析

调查了生长在不同盐碱地宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的生理特征。研究发现,次生盐碱地对枸杞的影响要大于原生盐碱地,光合色素含量、脯氨酸含量、蛋白质和核酸均表现为生长在次生盐碱地的枸杞体内含量高,但在幼株和成年植株体内的变化各不相同。可溶性蛋白凝胶电泳显示,对不同年龄的植株在同样的生境中谱带条数和着色深浅基本一样,但不同生境中有两条谱带的着色深浅有明显的不同。分析表明,光合色素含量、脯氨酸含量和蛋白质代谢的这种变化可能是植物的一种适应性反应,它有利于植物抵抗盐胁迫的伤害。RAPD分析表明宁夏枸杞在生长发育过程中,为了适应环境,在代谢发生了变化后,其遗传物质DNA也发生了一定的变异。     

霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)灌木年轮记录的1902—2015年阿拉善荒漠中部气候干湿变化

基于阿拉善荒漠中部的4个霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)样点建立的区域轮宽年表,探讨了霸王径向生长对气候变化的响应及阿拉善荒漠中部区域1902—2015年的干湿变化。结果表明:霸王的径向生长主要受到生长季及前期降水(当年4—7月和前一年10—12月降水)影响。年代际尺度上,区域年表共记录了1920s初—1930s初、1940s初以及1970s末—1980s末3个干旱时段和1900s末—1920s初、1930s、1960s中—1970s中以及1980s末—至今4个湿润时段。区域气候干湿变化以2~8、11、16~32a周期最为明显,在1970s末发生了周期性震荡。本研究所揭示的区域百余年来气候干湿变化波动状况,可为区域环境演变和荒漠化防治提供气候背景代用资料和决策依据。     

Detection of genetic relationships among four Artemia species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

We have applied the technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to the analysis of the relationships among four species of brine shrimp: Artemia franciscana, A. urmiana, A. sinica, and A. parthenogenetica. Seventy ten-base synthetic oligonucleotides were used to amplify a total of 458 distinct fragments. DNA polymorphisms were found in all the species examined; the highest percentage of polymorphic bands was found in A. parthenogenetica, with 28.8 per cent. Each species was scored for the presence or absence of every amplification product and the data entered into a binary data matrix. Cluster analysis was then performed to create a dendrogram using UPGMA by the NTSYS program. There are significant differences between bisexual species and parthenogenetic populations. A. parthenogenetica provided 94 specific molecular markers, while bisexual species gave 27 specific molecular markers. A. sinica is a species distinct from the other Old World bisexual species.     

A Preliminary Genetic Investigation of Rastrelliger Kanagurta Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Mitochondrial ND2 Gene

In a preliminary investigation, Random Amplified Polymorphie DNA (RAPD) analysis and partial mitochon-drial ND2 gene sequencing were conducted to study the genetic variation of the Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta along a 450 km stretch of its distribution on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 53 individuals from 6 popu-lations were analyzed using 4 RAPD primers and a sub-sample of 15 individuals was chosen for sequencing of partial ND2 gene. Comparison between the 2 markers revealed genetic structuring in the RAPD results but genetic homogeneity for ND2 gene. Based on the former there may be at least 2 genetically differentiated groups of Rastrelliger kanagurta a-long this stretch.     

Nickel effects on growth and antioxidative enzymes activities in desert plant Zygophyllum xanthoxylon （Bunge） Maxim

One-month old Zygophyllum xanthoxylon seedlings were grown under five different Ni concentrations (0, 50, 150, 450 and 900 mg/kg). Growth parameters, tissues Ni accumulation, soluble protein content, photosynthetic pigment content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme activities, and proline content were studied after one month of Ni exposure. The significant reduction in fresh biomass in the shoot and roots was detected at high Ni concentrations (≥450 mg/kg), whereas dry biomass was not significantly affected in both organs by any of the Ni doses tested. The Ni contents in the shoots and roots increased in a dose-dependent manner, and Ni contents in roots were higher than that in shoots at all treatments. The high Ni doses elevated soluble protein contents in leaves and roots. No visible symptoms of chlorosis were observed in leaves of plants grown in presence of Ni. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased in leaves and roots at high Ni treatments (≥450 mg/kg), indicating that Ni induces oxidative stress. Enzyme activities might play a central role in cellular protection against the Ni induced oxidative stress. Proline contents proportionally increased with the elevated Ni concentrations. Zygophyllum xanthoxylon revealed moderate Ni tolerance under tested culture conditions, and could be used as tools for revegetation for erosion control in moderate Ni contaminated sites.