基于GIS技术的居住区级公共服务设施配置研究——以沈阳市沈水新城为例

以沈阳市沈水新城为例,对居住区公共服务设施布局进行研究。应用GIS技术在空间布局和综合评价方面的优势对公共服务设施进行定性、定量、定位评价分析,建立公共服务设施规划选址评价体系,达到了通过定量指标选址的目的,增强了规划的科学性,提高了公共服务设施选址的效率。为地理信息技术应用在公共服务设施配置选址领域提供了技术、方法和理论支持。     

GIS与Voronoi多边形在医疗服务设施地理可达性分析中的应用

地理可达性是研究评价各种服务设施布局及其服务域的重要指标之一,空间距离、交通便捷性、出行成本等是可达性测度的重要因子。由于医疗设施等公共设施通常以服务的公平性和覆盖性为目标,因此可定义居民点到最邻近医院的距离为地理可达性的测度。在此基础上,作者提出了基于GIS与Voronoi多边形的地理可达性计算方法。这一方法不仅将地理可达性分析中的空间点对之间的距离计算简化为空间查询,方便了GIS应用,而且计算的Voronoi多边形在本质上就是最邻近意义上医院的服务域,即服务域内各居民点到该医院的距离就是最邻近距离。此外结合人口分布等属性数据,还可深入分析各医院的服务承载力,本方法为医疗设施等公共服务设施的规划决策提供了重要的工具。     

PPGIS在无障碍公共设施选址中的应用研究

分析了无障碍公共设施建设的现状,提出PPGIS在无障碍公共设施选址中的思路,详细描述了基于PPGIS的无障碍公共服务设施参与系统的建立,并介绍基于此系统采集的数据与区位配置模型结合用于无障碍公共服务设施选址的技术路线,最后总结了本文的研究意义。     

武汉市人口集聚对城市房价空间分布的影响

针对人口和房价问题的研究多基于地理空间单元,难以从更深层次、更多角度反映两者关系的问题,以武汉市主城区为例,在区县、街道、居民区3个空间尺度与工作和休息这两个时间节点上应用Kriging插值、区位熵、集聚指数等方法分析人口集聚和房价的分布特征及相关性,并在居民区尺度基于土地利用数据这非地理空间单元,对人口集聚和房价关系进行探讨.结果表明,房价与人口集聚分布具有趋同性,但并非完全同步,房价高值往往与人口集聚高值错开而分布在其周围;用地类别中,相对于居住人口,公共管理与公共服务设施用地,绿地与广场用地、公共设施用地类别房价受就业人口集聚影响更为显著.     

基于地理国情普查数据的综合统计分析研究——以哈尔滨中心城区基本公共服务为例

基于地理国情普查获取的数据,以哈尔滨市中心城区基本公共服务为研究对象,从基本公共服务设施空间分布特征、基本公共服务设施服务水平空间差异、基本公共服务设施服务可达性空间差异3个方面分析了哈尔滨中心城区的基本公共服务水平均等化情况。     

基于手机信令数据的北京市人口空间分布特征

手机信令数据兼有时间信息和空间信息,是用于研究人口空间分布、城市空间特征较好的大数据。利用手机信令数据和乡镇区划数据,分类分乡镇分析提取不同口径用户数量及用户密度概率分布函数,北京市人口空间分布及其均衡性。研究发现：北京市人口分布呈现出由首都功能核心区向中心城区和新城扩散的态势,对于手机信令可分时段统计用户,呈现出人口密度分布并不平衡,中心城区和新城个别街道如卢沟桥街道、新桥街道、沙河地区等工作居住用户远超于其他乡镇街道,人口聚集明显;在职住方面,个别街道存在就业功能空间外溢,居住功能空间紧张的现象,职住用户分布不匹配现象。     

基于Voronoi图的公共服务设施布局优化方法

公共服务设施的布局优化中一般要考虑两类因子:几何因子与社会经济因子,但现有的方法大多侧重于某一类因子或者其中的部分信息。本文使用Voronoi图为主要的分析手段,给出了基于人口导向、面积导向以及人口-面积综合导向的三种不同的布局优化方法,对现有的设施点进行保留、删除或在此基础上新增服务设施点。通过反复分析,最终实现多类设施空间布局的优化。     

基于GIS的县域医疗卫生设施可达性研究

以长兴县医疗设施为对象,探究基于GIS网络分析的公共服务设施可达性分析评价方法。首先,进行实地调研收集数据资料建立长兴县GIS数据库,根据行政村边界及社区边界将长兴县划分为246个地块,统计各地块的人口、面积,应用ArcGIS网络分析方法得到各地块到达就近医院的最优路径;其次,由最优路径得到的属性表统计各地块到就近医院的时间,评价长兴县医疗设施的可达性并分析影响可达性的因素;最后,根据评价结果提出规划建议及改进措施,依照此规划改进措施,可以将县域居民30 min内到达就近医院的人口从54.0%提升到73.3%,有效改善了县域医疗设施的可达性。     

基于改进高斯两步移动搜索法的配送中心空间可达性分析

空间可达性作为衡量公共服务设施配置是否合理的重要指标,广泛应用于城市设施规划与布局.本文利用GIS空间分析方法,针对设施服务范围设定与空间布局问题,从设施的空间作用域角度提出一种改进的高斯两步移动搜索算法,用于度量设施的空间可达性情况.为检验方法的有效性,以阿坝州茂县县城凤仪镇为研究区进行了配送中心的空间可达性分析.结...     

基于地理国情数据综合分析贵阳市公共服务空间格局

为推动长江经济带发展,研究利用贵阳市地理国情普查数据,2015年、2016年基础性地理国情监测数据、专业资料,进行数据整合与处理,根据城市公共服务空间格局指标体系及分析方法,研究基本公共服务空间格局变化分析和基本统计分析,对空间格局和区域合理性进行评价,得出监测结论:贵阳市的公共服务设施只在城市中心地域运作较好,而在离中心略远的区域则不突出;新增社会福利机构、绿地、公路对整体公共服务空间格局的变化起了重要作用。     

基于GIS的邯郸市医疗服务设施可达性分析

通过网络POI收集和地图截取手段获取邯郸市主城区范围内的居民点、医疗服务设施、路网数据,结合GIS的网络分析技术和改进的潜能模型对城市医疗服务设施可达性进行综合分析。结果表明,邯郸市的医疗设施资源分布主要集中在城市中心区、南部和东北部片区,在西南和北部城区医疗设施资源较少,且3种医疗设施可达性的分布差异较大。本文的结果对于医疗设施布局和规划具有重要的参考意义。     

宜兴市国土空间开发的城镇建设对比及适宜性评价

本文按照自然资源部对国土空间规划"一张图"的建设及现状评估的要求,对宜兴市的城镇建设适宜性进行评价.基于2017年和2018年的基础性地理国情普查监测数据,对宜兴市公共服务设施、医疗服务设施和义务教育资源进行提取、分析和统计,对比两年的变化趋势,得出宜兴市义务教育资源配置较合理,公共服务设施资源和医疗资源的建设有待进一...     

Analyses of Metro Station Service Area in Shanghai Downtown Based on Traffic Networks

Service area research is one of the pivotal topics in Urban Geography. This article first put forward a model of urban population estimation. And on the basis we measured the size and distribution of population in downtown Shanghai, China. The population model was confirmed well by the traditional survey model. Then we extracted a 1-month actual-time data set contains geo-location by collecting in Sina Weibo data, and generated Voronoi diagram by these data which denoted the service patches. We assigned population to each patch. Second part, we proposed a shortest distance algorithm, a minimum time algorithm and an improved p-median algorithm, took advantages of these three methods to divide the service area of metro stations based on patches. Subsequently, we computed the service population in each service area. Last, we took metro line 1 and 2 as examples to research the relationship among 3 location-allocation methods in detail. The results showed that: The spatial distribution of population of the core city in Shanghai emerged a descending trend from center to periphery clearly. All indicators (including area, population, distance and time) in central city within inner ring road have changed little compared with the region between inner and outer ring road. Yet the improved p-median algorithm has a certain effect of optimization. It presented a scientific and rational travel scheme for citizens cost smallest price to select better starting metro station. The study results should contribute to theoretical and technical support for location-allocation of public service facilities.     

基于GIS的马尾马江片区公共厕所布局分析与优化

公共服务配套设施的合理布局和质量提升是新型城镇化的内涵之一,将GIS技术应用于规划领域可使规划成果具更理性与可实施性。以福州市马尾区马江片区为例,基于出行人群密度、区域繁华程度、公共厕所服务半径三者间的对应关系,对马江片区公共厕所的空间布局进行分析,认为该片区现状公共厕所存在数量与质量上的双重不足。针对存在的不足,提出优化算法与优化布局方案,并基于GIS技术实现可视化模拟。优化后的公共厕所共有53座,较现状的27座增加26座,符合《城市公共厕所设计标准》规定;公共厕所服务区覆盖片区总面积的91.5%,较现状的38.8%增加52.7%,满足城市规划与未来发展的需求。     

武汉市体育场馆空间分布分析与研究

以武汉市为研究区域,运用密度分析和空间自相关探索武汉市体育场馆空间分布的聚集性;利用空间二元相关性定量地分析体育场馆空间分布与经济要素、社会要素以及道路网的相关性。结果表明,武汉市体育场馆在中心城区呈聚集并向外围扩散;人口密度、生产总值以及道路网密度都在不同程度上影响着体育场馆的空间布局。武汉市体育场馆的空间分布受经济和交通情况的影响比较大。通过多元回归模型,预测随着武汉城市中心及以外地区经济的发展、道路的完善以及政府的大力支持,乡村郊区的体育场馆数量将不断增多,武汉市体育馆将向着中心城区密集一乡村郊区普及的分布模式转变。     

基于引力可达性的公共服务设施公平性分析模型——以福建长汀为例

公共服务设施的完善配套已成为社会文明进步的标志,其空间分布的公平程度深刻影响着城市居民的居住环境和生活质量。本文引入了威布尔的引力模型,借助Arc GIS软件平台,尝试构建基于引力可达性指数的公共服务设施公平性分析模型,并以福建长汀为例进行了实证研究,以期为公共服务设施规划提供实用的分析方法和技术支撑。     

The accessibility analysis of multiple public facilities in the central urban areas based on multi-transportation modes: A study in Chengdu

With the rapid development of social economy in Chengdu, it is of great significance to analyze the accessibility of a public facilities resources, and services in respective regions for the spatial planning of public facilities and the optimization of urban construction in Chengdu. Most existing studies only consider the accessibility of a single public facility under a single transportation mode studying facilities at the same level. In this research, with the consideration of all these factors mentioned above, an improved 3-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) model of multi-transportation modes is introduced to analyze the accessibility and spatial distribution of multiple types of public facilities under multiple traffic modes. The new model classifies the grade of public facilities and calculates the service accessibility of public facilities under the driving, public transport, cycling, and walking modes in the five dimensions of education, medical care, commerce, transportation, and leisure in the central urban areas of Chengdu. Through the comparative analysis of multiple models, we found that the improved 3SFCA can more accurately evaluate the accessibility of all dimensions of public facilities in central urban areas of Chengdu. The accessibility of compound public facilities in the central city is excellent. With the gradual expansion to the outward areas, the diversity and accessibility of compound public facilities gradually decreases. Furthermore, the accessibility distribution of public facilities in the study area is not balanced. The accessibility between the central urban areas and the marginal areas differs greatly and the spatial differentiation is substantial.     

Spatial analysis of public health facilities in Riyadh Governorate,Saudi Arabia: a GIS-based study to assess geographic variations of service provision and accessibility

Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia, particularly for the management, quality, and coverage issues. However, assessment of spatial patterns, distribution, and provision of public health services has been neglected. This paper analyzes the availability and accessibility of public health facilities across Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia at the subnational level. Spatial and attribute data of public health facilities potentially have been analyzed using GIS to produce accurate measure of accessibility. The spatial pattern of service distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor. Distances from demand points (populations) to providers (facilities) were calculated for each district using near analysis. In addition, the ratios of public health facility to population were calculated to identify underserved and overserved areas. The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern of the distribution of public health facilities was significantly clustered (p value < 0.001) with Z-score of ?10.9. Several districts within the central parts of the governorate were identified as having a higher density of facilities, while most of districts that are located in the marginal parts exhibit very low density of health facilities. Overall, there was a considerable variation in the average distance from district centroids to health facilities. Substantially, less than half of the population (45.4%) living in 61 districts has access to public health facility within less than 1-km distance. In contrast, the greatest increase in distances was observed for 6% of population living in 38 districts. People that live in such districts need to travel long distances for public health care. The output of this analysis can assist policy-makers and authorities of Riyadh Governorate in planning public health delivery.     

天津市城建服务热线查询GIS系统的设计与开发

城建服务热线查询系统将不同的城建管理服务统一到一个热线语音平台,建成了涵盖天津市整个城市建设管理工作的服务热线。介绍了天津市城建服务热线查询GIS系统的数据组织结构,详细描述了系统的功能设计,分析了系统的技术特点。