柯坪地区下志留统储层性质及控制因素

野外露头浅钻取样分析发现,柯坪地区志留系下统柯坪塔格组的储层性质与塔北及塔中地区差别较大。柯坪地区的砂岩储层以粉细粒岩屑砂岩为主,处于晚成岩A2期,孔隙度主要为2%~6%,平均4.47%,渗透率主要为(0.01~0.1)×10-3μm2,平均0.06×10-3μm2,属于特低孔特低渗储层,而塔北及塔中地区以低孔低渗和中孔中渗为主。研究表明柯坪地区成岩压实、石英次生加大是储层物性的主控因素,储层经历长期深埋藏和短期浅埋藏,使成岩压实减孔率达30.4%;胶结作用所减少的孔隙量一般为1.5%~8%,致密胶结段可达10%~11%,石英次生加大所减少的孔隙量一般2%~4%,致密胶结段可达6%~8%;溶蚀作用及次生裂缝对储层物性改善不大,一般增孔量4%左右;成岩中后期强烈挤压构造运动对储层性质有重要影响。储层演化史表明晚二叠世、晚白垩世—早第三纪是油气聚集成藏期,随后遭后期构造运动破坏,油气逸散或发生氧化作用,柯坪塔格组含沥青砂岩即是这一过程的产物。     

紫金山地区煤系致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘紫金山地区上古生界煤系致密砂岩气资源潜力大,是我国当前非常规天然气勘探的重要地区之一。通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔渗测试和压汞实验等分析测试,结合钻井和测井资料,分析了致密储层的岩石学、孔隙、物性和含气性特征。结果表明：紫金山地区煤系砂岩储层以岩屑砂岩为主,石英和岩屑体积分数高,长石体积分数低,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;孔隙类型以溶蚀孔为主,孔隙结构以中孔细喉和小孔细喉为主;孔隙度主要分布在2.00%~12.00%之间,平均6.96%;渗透率主要为0.01×10^-3~1.00×10^-3 μm²,平均为0.36×10^-3 μm²,孔渗相关性较好,与后期溶蚀作用有关;含气储层平均厚度为10.3 m,占砂岩储层总厚度的29%,含气饱和度为40.4%。储层发育主要受沉积作用、压实作用和溶蚀作用控制,沉积作用控制了储层形成的物质基础和空间展布,不同环境下沉积的岩石成分直接影响了压实作用的强弱,砂岩、泥岩、煤层叠置发育的特征为溶蚀作用奠定了基础;压实作用是造成储层致密的最主要因素;溶蚀作用是区内储层物性改善的决定性因素;紫金山岩浆热作用和喷发作用进一步加强了溶蚀作用。     

川东地区侏罗系凉高山组致密砂岩储层特征及控制因素

侏罗系凉高山组作为四川盆地致密油气重点勘探目标,有利储层优选是实现其高效勘探的核心与关键,但目前仍受困于储层特征认识不清、致密成因解析不足等问题。运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、包裹体测温等技术手段,以川东地区凉高山组致密砂岩为研究对象,在全面总结储层特征的基础上,建立成岩演化序列并解析砂岩致密化成因。研究结果表明：凉高山组主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩;孔隙度分布在0.35%～7.71%之间,渗透率分布在0.000 01×10^-3μm²～0.078 60×10^-3μm²之间,为典型致密储层。砂岩整体压实胶结致密,仅发育少量原生孔隙和次生孔缝,储集空间以次生孔缝为主,发育两种类型孔喉结构。压实作用对原始孔隙度的平均减孔量为21.73%,是储层致密化的主导基础;胶结作用对原始孔隙度的平均减孔量为9.14%,其中,晚期方解石胶结通过占据孔隙空间大幅度降低储集性能,是储层致密化的重要因素;自生黏土矿物通过堵塞孔隙喉道、增强喉道迂回度等方式降低渗流性能,进一步加强了储层的致密程度;早期绿泥石胶结是研究区...     

旬邑地区三叠系延长组长8_1储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、X射线衍射等方法对旬邑地区延长组长81储层成岩作用进行研究,在此基础上分析储层孔隙演化过程,讨论成岩作用差异对储层孔隙演化的影响。结果表明:长81砂岩储层由岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩组成,主要受压实作用、胶结作用及溶蚀作用的影响。长81储层原始未胶结砂岩孔隙度为36.01%,压实作用造成孔隙度损失为20.37%,早期胶结引起孔隙度降低8.51%,溶蚀作用使孔隙度增加3.25%,晚期胶结导致孔隙度下降5.54%。砂岩岩性差别对储层孔隙演化影响较小,成岩作用的差异是影响储层孔隙演化的主要因素,直接制约孔隙演化过程和储层质量。     

准噶尔盆地莫西庄地区三工河组二段储层微观特征及有效储层控制因素

提要：通过普通薄片和铸体薄片观察、孔隙显微图像分析、扫描电镜和阴极发光等测试手段,研究了莫西庄地区三工河组二段储层岩石学、孔隙类型和成岩作用等微观特征,分析了低渗储层的形成原因和相对优质储层的主控因素。研究结果表明：砂岩以成分成熟度较低的长石岩屑砂岩为主,含少量岩屑砂岩,软岩屑塑性变形强烈或假杂基化,对储层物性和含油性影响大;砂岩孔隙类型主要为次生溶蚀孔,其次为剩余原生粒间孔;强烈的压实作用、方解石和高岭石胶结作用是导致储层低渗的主要原因。优质储层表现为粗粒、低含量软岩屑-弱方解石和高岭石胶结-强溶蚀作用的微观特征。优质储层形成的主要控制因素包括软岩屑含量、晚期溶蚀作用和有利的沉积相带,河道砂体旋回中、下部储层是有效储层发育的有利部位。     

库车坳陷大北地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分挝

塔里木盆地库车坳陷大北地区白垩系巴什基奇克组储层以细一中粒岩屑砂岩为主夹少量长石岩屑砂岩,杂基为铁泥质和泥质(2%～10%).胶结物以方解石(3%～15%)为主.粘土矿物以伊利石、绿泥石和伊/蒙混层为主,不含高岭石,伊/蒙混层中的蒙皂石含量一般为(15～20)%;主要孔隙组合为残余原生粒问孔-溶蚀孔-微孔隙,占储集空间总量的(50～90)%,其次为构造缝-溶蚀孔,主要的孔隙类型为溶蚀孔和裂缝,总体属于低孔低渗-特低孔特低渗储层.综合分析认为:阶段性的前陆构造逆冲推覆作用对沉积旋回性、水体盐度变化及物源区距离变化的控制至关重要;构造活跃期扇三角洲前缘环境中形成的差分选中-粗砂岩、近源快速堆积造成的高岩屑含量、干旱成湖导致的高碳酸盐胶结和早成岩期相对深埋-后期持续快速深埋压实作用,是特低孔特低渗储层的主要成因;而较优质储层足构造平缓期辫状河三角洲前缘环境中形成的分选好的中-细砂岩、早期表生溶蚀及弱碳酸盐胶结作用、早期构造破裂的复合作用及其叠加效应的结果.     

鄂尔多斯盆地定边油田樊学地区长4+5油层组储层特征及物性影响因素研究

根据对鄂尔多斯盆地定边油田樊学地区长4+5储层特征、成岩作用及物性影响因素研究结果表明,长4+5储层岩性主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩,分选性总体中等-较好,磨圆度较差。孔隙类型以残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主,分别占总孔隙的59%、34%。孔隙度变化在0.2%～17.6%,平均值为8.5%;渗透率主要分布在0.1×10~(-3)～0.4×10~(-3)μm~2,平均值为0.25×10~(-3)μm~2,为特低孔特低渗储层。胶结物以方解石等碳酸盐胶结物、黏土矿物和硅质为主。原始沉积组分、碳酸盐胶结作用对储层物性具有重要的影响,塑性物质含量高的储层主要因压实作用变致密。碳酸盐胶结物含量高的储层因胶结作用变致密,刚性物质含量高的储层因刚性物质支撑作用保留较多残余粒间孔及易溶组分的溶蚀作用物性较好。长石、石英等刚性物质含量越高,千枚岩、板岩、云母等塑性物质和碳酸盐胶结物含量越低,储层物性越好。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山32段储层砂岩成岩作用

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山 32段砂岩储层以石英砂岩为主,其次为岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩.目前储层正处于晚成岩阶段B期,成岩作用类型包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,机械压实作用、压溶作用和自生黏土矿物的胶结作用是低孔低渗储层形成的主要原因,成岩晚期的溶蚀作用大大改善了砂岩储层的储集空间.根据成岩作用的特点,将研究区山 32段划分出5个成岩相:压实压溶相、弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相、弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相、弱压实-溶蚀相.压实压溶相储层物性最差;弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相和弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相储层的孔隙度、渗透率总体也很低;弱压实-溶蚀相储层的储集空间最发育、连通性最好,孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔为主.     

高邮凹陷黄珏地区戴南组碎屑岩储层成岩演化

利用16口取心井240余块样品的铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性、孔喉结构等测试数据及埋藏史资料,对高邮凹陷黄珏地区戴南组储层成岩演化特征进行详细研究,发现砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,物性和孔喉结构显示储层质量较好,属于中孔—中渗储层,以中—大孔隙、细—较细喉道组合为主。储集层经历了机械压实、胶结、溶蚀及交代作用的改造,主要的成岩矿物有铁方解石、铁白云石、白云石、高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石、石英及钠长石等。储层演化经历了早成岩期和中成岩期,目前正处于中成岩A期。储层压实作用减孔量和胶结作用减孔量分别为22.35%和5.53%,是戴南组储层质量变差的最主要影响因素,而溶蚀作用增加的次生孔隙量在3%~12%之间,对改善储层性质起到了至关重要的作用。     

柴达木盆地冷湖地区侏罗系致密砂岩储层特征与控制因素

冷湖地区侏罗系地层油源丰富,储层致密化程度高,为查明低孔低渗储层成因机制,剖析储层发育控制因素,利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、全岩X衍射矿物分析、物性分析、核磁共振分析等多种分析测试手段,对研究区侏罗系储层的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、物性与成岩作用特征进行研究。结果显示：(1)研究区侏罗系储层主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩,孔隙类型以次生溶孔为主,原生孔隙残留少,微孔隙占比高,孔隙度平均为9.96%,渗透率平均为2.26×10^-3μm²,属于特低孔、超低渗致密储层。(2)储层成岩作用类型以压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用为主,成岩演化主要处于中成岩A期,成岩序列可概括为：机械压实改造-少量早期方解石胶结-长石、岩屑轻微溶蚀-石英I期加大-有机酸流体侵入、长石岩屑强烈溶蚀-黏土矿物广泛出现-石英Ⅱ期加大-长石、岩屑、黏土矿物伊利石化-少量含铁碳酸盐胶结。(3)多种成岩作用综合制约着致密砂岩储层的发展进程。煤系地层富含水生、陆生动植物遗体,沉积后至成岩早期有机质分解产生腐殖酸并形成酸性环境,早期碳酸盐胶结物不甚发育,碎屑颗粒间欠缺方解石胶结物支撑,压实...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861