中上扬子北缘二叠纪碎屑岩组分和地球化学特征

对中上扬子北缘二叠纪碎屑岩成分和地球化学特征进行了分析.结果表明,本次研究的碎屑岩物源主要来自上部大陆壳,沉积旋回不高,大部分样品来自基性岩和长英质火山源区.主元素受到风化作用和沉积后作用的影响,对区分构造环境意义不大;几种非迁移性微量元素,如Cr、Co、Th、Sc、La和Zr,较主元素有区分构造环境意义.本次研究的碎...     

Geochemistry of oolitic iron ores of different facies in the northern Aral region

The REE distribution in alluvial, deltaic, liman, and lacustrine oolitic iron ores in the northern Aral region is analyzed. In general, the iron ores are relatively enriched in LREE. The REE distribution patterns are sufficiently similar in different facies, although the contents may slightly vary owing to specific features of the mineral and chemical compositions.Translated from Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No. 2, 2005, pp. 215–219.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Golubovskaya.     

二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景

中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。     

内蒙古扎兰屯北部地区早白垩世酸性火山岩锆石U- Pb年代学和地球化学研究

本文对大兴安岭扎兰屯北部地区早白垩世酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素的研究,以便对其岩石成因和区域动力学背景予以制约。通过锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得大兴安岭北部地区满克头鄂博组流纹岩(D14208)加权年龄141±3Ma(早白垩世),玛尼吐组粗面英安岩(D14210)加权年龄135±5Ma(早白垩世)。在地球化学研究方面,它们均为钙碱性系列,SiO_2分别为76.41%～78.01%和64.71%～65.63%,MgO分别为0.04%～0.22%和1.12%～1.35%,Mg~#值分别为12～42和32～38,富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、重稀土元素,Eu/Eu~*分别介于0.40～0.52和0.82～0.95之间。Rb/Sr比值分别变化于2.42～3.21和0.12～0.15之间,K/Rb比值分别变化于284～290和284～306之间,Nb/Th比值分别变化于2.35～3.82和2.60～3.63之间。结合两个样品ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为1.57～2.22和1.72～2.24,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))分别为751～804Ma和743～786Ma,认为岩石应来源于地壳。综合东北地区前人的同时代岩浆-构造成果,认为岩石形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合所引起的伸展环境。     

Specific features in the composition,structure, and properties of volcaniclastic rocks

The paper discusses patterns in the formation of composition, structure, and properties (physical and physical-mechanical) of volcaniclastic rocks, which are rocks of specific origin occupying an intermediate position between magmatic and sedimentary rocks. A database of volcaniclastic rocks, which contains geological, petrographic, and petrophysical information, has been created and analyzed. It has been shown that volcaniclastic rocks are a group that is extremely variable in its composition and properties, with rock properties varying within a wide range. It has been found that the conditions of volcaniclastic rock formation and subsequent lithification are the principal geological factors that determine their properties. There are two different origins of the properties of these rocks: (1) a long-term process of loose pyroclastic sediment lithification and (2) immediate origination of solid rock because of the welding or baking of a sedimentary material. The following series of volcaniclastic rocks, organized by the degree of declining their physical and mechanical parameters, has been reconstructed: clastic lavas → lava clastic rocks → ignimbrites → tuffs → hyaloclastites → agglutinates.     

REE Geochemistry of Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks in Wutaishan Region

The metasedimentary-volcanic series of the Wutai and Hutuo groups experienced regional metamorphism and thus turned into moderate-to low-grade metamorphic rocks.REE abundances and REE distribution patterns in the Shizui and Taihuai Subgroup metasedimentary-volcanic rocks are typical of the Archean,whereas the Gaofan Subgroup and the Hutuo Group show post-Archean REE geochemical char-acteristics.Five types of REE distribution pattern are distinguished:(1)rightward inclined smooth curves with little REE anomaly(Eu/Eu*=0.73-0.95) and heavy REE depletion (e.g.the Late Archean metasedimentary rocks);(2)rightward inclined V-shaped curves with sharp Eu anoma-ly (Eu/Eu*=0.48-0.76) and slightly higher ∑REE (e.g.the post-Archean metasedimentary rocks);(3) rightward inclined steep curves with negative Eu anomaly(Eu/Eu*=0.73-0.76) and the lowest ∑REE (e.g.the post-Archean dolomites);(4)rightward inclined,nearly smooth curves with both positive Eu anomaly and unremarkable positive Eu anomaly(Eu/Eu*=0.95-1.25)(e.g.the meta-basic volcanic rocks);and (5) rightward inclined curves with Eu anomaly(Eu/Eu*=1.09-1.19)and heavy REE depletion(e.g.the meta-acid volcanic rocks).Strata of the two groups are considered to have been formed in an island-arc belt-an instable continental petrogenetic environment.     

Petrography,geochemistry, and provenance of the Chalki rocks in Kurdistan region,North Iraq

Outcrops of the Paleozoic Chalki volcanic rocks are restricted to part of the northern Thrust Zone of Iraq close to Iraqi-Turkish border. Petrographically, the volcanic rocks from the Chalki area are mainly layered, appearing fresh in the field and exhibiting some basaltic lava flows. Porphyritic, amygdaloidal, and microlite-porphyric are the main observed textures. Phenocrysts of primary phases (i.e., olivine, iron oxides) are in a groundmass of feldspars and clinopyroxene. Chalki Formation is intercalated with Pirispiki Formation which consists of thin to medium bedded, greenish gray marl, red mudstone, and veins of calcite. The Chalki rocks are mafic of theolitic basalt type. Geochemically, they have high chromium and nickel concentrations in most samples. Rare earth element (REE) patterns illustrate parallel to sub-parallel, moderately fractionated REE patterns. The low heavy REE (HREE) contents in the studied samples appear to be due to partial melting of metamorphosed oceanic crust leaving HREE-rich accessory minerals (i.e., garnet) as a residual phase in the source. No Eu anomalies were observed in the Chalki samples which may indicate a back-arc basin pattern. The non-subduction signature of the Chalki rocks is confirmed by the Nb/Yb versus Th/Yb diagram, which shows that most of the studied rocks fall in the compositional field of non-arc-related rocks—well within the field of the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-ocean island basalt (OIB) mantle array.     

天山托洋峰花岗质岩石的同位素地球化学特征

分析了西天山托木尔峰地区花岗质岩石和基底岩石的稀土元素,微量元素以及Ｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成。本区北部伊犁地块基底岩石的Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄约为１．９Ｇａ,南部南天山褶皱带的约为０．７０５到０．７３３）表明本区花岗质岩石主要为地壳溶融产物。Ｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成批示位于伊犁地块和南天山褶皱带的花岗岩源区岩石的Ｎｄ模式年龄都相当于伊犁地壳,但源区性质不同,前者源区δ＾１８Ｏ低,μ值低,Ｔ     

冀北郭家屯地区中生代火山岩年代学和地球化学特征研究

单颗粒锆石 U- Pb测年结果表明,冀北郭家屯地区中生代火山活动有两个时代:中-晚侏罗世(约 143～ 164 Ma)和早白垩世 (约 126 Ma).中-晚侏罗世火山岩以流纹岩和粗面质流纹岩为主,夹石英粗面岩,下部有少量安山岩;早白垩世火山岩以粗安岩和粗面岩为主,夹少量玄武质粗安岩和流纹质粗面岩.微量元素数据显示粗面质火山岩、正长斑岩具高 Al2O3(≥ 15% )、 Na2O/K2O > 1、高 Sr(≥ 400 μ g/g)、高 Sr/Y(≥ 20～ 40)和 La/Yb≥ 10;低的 MgO ( < 3% )、 Y(≤ 18 μ g/g)和 Yb(≤ 1.9 μ g/g);Mg#高( 38.47～ 57.78,平均 51.18);Eu异常不明显等特征,与 Adakite岩的地球化学特征有某些相似性.而流纹质火山岩具有 SiO2、 K2O、 Y、 Yb含量相对较高;Al2O3、 Sr、 Ba含量相对较低;轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦、 Eu负异常明显等地球化学特征.两类岩石在时空上密切共生,具有一定的演化关系.地球化学总体特征显示本区火山岩具有弧岩浆作用的特征,如岩石系列高钾钙碱性属性、高场强元素( HFSE)和大离子亲石性元素 (LILE)解偶,微量元素的俯冲带特征(与 Adakite岩相似)等.研究表明本区中-晚侏罗世和早白垩世火山岩总体形成在地壳加厚、岩石圈拆沉、底侵作用发育的构造背景下,地幔脱气形成的 CO2- H2O流体在岩浆形成过程中起了很重要的作用.     

苏北海中地区火成岩储层预测及其应用

海中地区火成岩发育,为含油层序,但地震地质条件复杂,受火成岩影响资料品质较差,火成岩与地层解释有较大难度。笔者应用测井、地球物理方法结合钻井资料,重点介绍利用火成岩的高速、高阻抗特征,应用STRATA测井约束反演对火成岩进行地震识别;应用EMERGE孔隙度反演技术,预测火成岩厚度与孔隙度。     

大兴安岭北段二十一站岩体年代学、地球化学及其找矿意义

大兴安岭北端的上黑龙江盆地具有良好的斑岩型矿床的成矿潜力,本次对二十一站铜金矿区与成矿密切相关的闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。二十一站岩体的U-Pb定年结果显示,闪长岩形成时代为129±2Ma(MSWD=0.41),花岗闪长斑岩形成时代为127±2Ma(MSWD=0.10),均为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,闪长岩SiO_2的含量为57.04%～59.91%,Al_2O_3为15.5%～16.22%,MgO为2.93%～4.02%,Mg~#为51～61;花岗闪长斑岩SiO_2的含量为61.52%～62.77%,Al_2O_3为13.71%～14.54%,MgO为1.91%～2.51%,Mg~#为52～60,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的Sr含量高,为595×10~(-6)～1207×10~(-6),Y含量低,介于11×10~(-6)～16.1×10~(-6)之间,Yb含量低,为1.1×10~(-6)～1.62×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N值为14.5～19.9,δEu值介于0.70～0.85之间,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),符合埃达克岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质研究认为上黑龙江盆地二十一站早白垩世岩体为源区存在的榴辉岩或高镁麻粒岩构成的下地壳拆沉、熔融形成,该时期处于蒙古-中朝大陆与西伯利亚大陆后碰撞局部隆升的构造环境。     

青藏高原北部新生代走构油茶错、纳丁错火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对分布于藏北南羌塘地区的走构油茶错和纳丁错新生代火山岩进行了岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学研究.两个地区火山岩主要由粗面玄武岩、橄榄粗安岩、安粗岩及粗面岩组成,具有从碱性系列火山岩到高钾钙碱性火山岩连续演化的特征.锆石U-Pb定年表明两个地区火山岩形成时代分别为34.64±0.55Ma和35.03±0.54Ma,另外在走构油茶错安粗岩和粗面岩中发现了大量的捕获锆石.地球化学分析显示,岩石ε_(Hf)(t)均为正值,但随SiO_2含量的增高,ε_(Hf)(t)有减小的趋势.稀土元素配分曲线上轻重稀土分馏明显,无或轻微Eu负异常,尤其是重稀土出现分馏,大多数样品(Sm/Yb)_N值介于6.30～8.25之间,表明原生岩浆起源于含有石榴石的弱亏损型软流圈地幔,中酸性岩浆所具有的类似埃达克岩的地球化学特征是原生幔源岩浆经AFC作用形成的.始新世末期南羌塘地区的火山活动可能与向北俯冲的拉萨地块的岩石圈地幔断离造成的软流圈上涌有关.     

羌塘盆地那底岗日地区上侏罗统—下白垩统碳酸盐岩稀土元素地球化学与古气候

通过对羌塘盆地那底岗日地区上侏罗统—下白垩统索瓦组碳酸盐岩稀土元素丰度、分布模式及稀土总量(ΣREE)的分析,结合总有机碳(TOC)含量、EFMn、Sr/Cu的变化特征,探讨了稀土元素纵向变化与气候环境之间的关系。结果表明:那底岗日地区碳酸盐岩中稀土元素总丰度值平均为45.3μg/g(不包括Y)。稀土元素与总有机碳(TOC)之间存在较好的相关性,与EFMn和Sr/Cu值的变化呈反向对应关系。ΣREE的高值段代表相对湿润的气候环境,ΣREE的低值段代表干热的气候环境。根据稀土元素分布与沉积环境的关系,推断晚侏罗世—早白垩世那底岗日地区经历了干热和相对温湿频繁交替变更的气候演化过程。     

大兴安岭北段图里河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学及地球化学

对大兴安岭北段图里河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和构造背景给予制约。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该地区满克头鄂博组火山岩形成时代为晚侏罗世(157±1Ma)。该组火山岩具有高硅(Si O2=69.09%~75.92%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.04%~9.23%),贫镁、铁、钙的特征,属高钾钙碱性、偏铝质-弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土富集的右倾形式,(La/Yb)N=5.85~13.53,无铕异常或具有较弱的铕负异常;火山岩样品富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。Mg#值为12.14~31.01,平均值22,Nb/Ta值(6.67~27.17,平均值12.23),Rb/Sr值(0.35~3.63,平均值1.58),显示火山岩岩浆源区为下地壳。依据岩石地球化学特征、构造判别图解,结合区域构造演化特征,认为满克头鄂博组火山岩形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合的造山后伸展背景。     

大兴安岭东北部塔河地区早白垩世高Sr低Yb型侵入岩的年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

东北地区是中国显生宙花岗岩极其发育的地区,构造演化复杂。研究大兴安岭东北部塔河地区早白垩世侵入岩是解决大兴安岭地区中生代岩浆演化及构造背景的重要突破口。塔河地区早白垩世侵入岩的岩性主要有石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩。运用LA-ICP-MS测年方法对花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩进行测年,锆石U-Pb年龄分别为131±1Ma (MSWD=0.73)和130±1Ma (MSWD=2.2)。早白垩世侵入岩SiO₂含量为61.32%~71.68%,为中酸性岩类。Al₂O₃含量为13.53%~15.62%,显示为准铝质或过铝质、高钾钙碱性花岗岩。∑REE为(152.28~253.85)×10^-6。地球化学特征可分为高Sr低Yb型和低Sr高Yb型两类侵入岩,起源于地壳的不同深度。研究区早白垩世侵入岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍次克洋洋盆自西向东的剪切式收缩闭合作用,可能与蒙古-鄂霍次克造山带陆-陆碰撞导致下地壳加厚作用有关。     

Discussion on the interrelationship among Cu-Ni sulfide deposits, mafic volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks in the Sipu region, northern Guangxi, China

The Sipu region of North Guangxi is located in the southwest of the "Jiangnan Ancient Land",where there are developed the oldest stratum in southern China,the Proterozoic Sipu Group,and there are also largely ex-posed mafic intrusive rocks,mafic volcanic rocks and copper-nickel sulfide deposits.Both mafic intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks are rich in MgO(6.52%-26.39%),but poor in K2O(0.05%-1.00%) and TiO2(0.33%-0.89%).They are also rich in trace elements such as Rb and Ba while poor in Ta,Nb and the like.Both of them have medium con-tents of rare-earth elements,30.26×10-6-126.71×10-6,in which LREEs are slightly rich with ΣLREE/ΣHREE of 1.35-2.46,δEu 0.79-1.33,displaying weak or no δEu anomaly,with the same geochemical features.The right-inclined distribution patterns and the features show that magma would be formed at the comagmatic un-diagenetic stage.All studies show that mafic intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks are the products of the same source region evolving in different stages and times.The copper-nickel sulfide deposits are characterized by liquation,crys-tallization and fractionation of mafic rocks,and have some interrelations with mafic intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks with respect to magmatic genesis.     

内蒙古北部乌日尼图地区阿仁绍布辉长岩体的形成时代、地球化学特征及成因

本文系统地报道了内蒙古北部乌日尼图地区阿仁绍布辉长岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,重点讨论了阿仁绍布辉长岩体的岩石成因、原始岩浆的源区特征及其地质意义。研究结果表明,阿仁绍布辉长岩体SiO₂含量为49.62%,Al₂O₃为17.34%,CaO为8.94%,TiO₂为1.44%,P₂O₅为0.26%;岩石富集LILE、亏损HFSE。岩体的Mg#值(0.28~0.68,平均为0.52)较高,反映原始岩浆具幔源原生玄武岩浆特征,在上升过程中经历的结晶分异程度较低。U-Pb锆石年龄测定结果为309±2Ma,代表了阿仁绍布辉长岩体的结晶年龄,为晚石炭世。计算出石英结晶温度为928℃,斜长石结晶温度为1206℃;岩浆冷凝矿物共结晶时的深度大于10km,其结晶条件代表岩体侵位时的物理环境,是在较深的岩浆房中结晶的。阿仁绍布辉长岩具有大陆边缘弧的地球化学特征,可能反映在岩浆形成之前,地幔源区发生了俯冲交代富集作用。     

Geochemical features of metasomatically altered granitic rocks in Azov region

Mineralogical and chemical analyses, distribution-abundance of Li, Rb, Ta, Nb, Be, Sn, Zr and rare earths of granitoid massifs and migmatites, and other data show that the altered granitoids in the area are essentially transitions from lithionite-amazonite-biotite to biotite-albite apogranites representing early stages of the metasomatic process. --IGR Staff.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Palaeozoic intrusive rocks in the Rockvale region,southern New England Orogen,New South Wales

Palaeozoic intrusive rocks of the New England Batholith from the Rockvale district in the southern New England Orogen form three distinct associations: (i) the Carboniferous Rockvale Adamellite, a member of the Hillgrove Suite of deformed S‐type granitoids; (ii) a small I‐type igneous complex on the northwestern margin of the Rockvale Adamellite: several members of this complex have similar chemical compositions to the most mafic members of the Moonbi Suite of New England Batholith I‐types; and (iii) a suite of dyke rocks ranging in composition from calc‐alkaline lamprophyre through hornblende and biotite porphyrite to aplite. Ion‐microprobe U‐Pb zircon analysis indicates intrusion of the Rockvale Adamellite at 303 ±3 Ma (weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age; 95% confidence limits). Preliminary investigation of zircon inheritance within the Rockvale Adamellite is consistent with chemical and isotopic indications of derivation of New England Batholith S‐type granitoids from a relatively juvenile protolith. Deformation of the Rockvale Adamellite occurred after complete crystallization of the pluton and prior to emplacement of dykes and I‐type intrusives. K‐Ar biotite and hornblende ages show broadly synchronous intrusion of I‐type magmas and lamprophyre dykes at ca 255 Ma, indicating that mantle magmatism associated with lamprophyres was contemporaneous with the crustal production of I‐type melts. Chemical similarities between the most mafic Moonbi Suite members and calc‐alkaline lamprophyres may also indicate a direct mantle contribution to some I‐type magmas.     

内蒙古东乌旗北部早古生代火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙古北部二连-东乌旗地区出露早古生代火山岩,为兴蒙造山带北缘构造-岩浆岩带的组成部分,对研究造山带早古生代构造格局及演化具有重要作用。本文对东乌旗北部早古生代中基性及酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、全岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。定年结果显示,中基性火山岩成岩年龄为452±2Ma,酸性火山岩为430±20Ma,表明早古生代岩浆活动可延续至中志留世。地球化学组成上,中基性火山岩稀土总量中等,Eu异常不明显,富集Rb、Sr、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,特征类似岛弧岩浆岩;酸性火山岩富集Th、U,Eu负异常显著,但Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集程度不高,Nb、Ta等高场强元素亏损不明显,表现出板内岩浆特点。中基性和酸性火山岩均具有亏损的同位素组成:中基性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+203～+267,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+79～+145之间;酸性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+494,ε_(Hf)(t)值为+99～+153。岩石学及地球化学分析表明,中基性火山岩为岛弧环境下遭受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产物,酸性火山岩则来源于新生基性下地壳熔融并具有板内岩浆特征,可能指示了俯冲的结束。结合前人资料,二连-东乌旗地区早古生代岩浆活动介于晚寒武-中志留世之间,形成时间及阶段性演化特征近似于苏尼特左旗-锡林浩特早古生代岩浆岩带,暗示两者可能具有成因联系,均为早古生代古亚洲洋向北俯冲的产物。