北黄海盆地上侏罗统–下白垩统火山岩形成时代:锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年证据

北黄海盆地X钻井岩心揭示了中生界两套碎屑岩系:下部的暗色岩系和上部的红色岩系。暗色岩系底部和顶部存在两层火山岩。下层火山岩的岩石学鉴定为粗面英安岩,化学成分位于英安岩–流纹岩分区,靠近粗面英安岩分区。上层火山岩的岩石学鉴定为碎屑碎斑英安岩,化学成分位于英安岩分区。下层和上层火山岩锆石的阴极发光图像显示出自形–半自形柱状的晶形和韵律环带结构,下层粗面英安岩中22颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄介于141~151 Ma之间,其加权平均年龄为145±2 Ma。上层碎屑碎斑英安岩中18颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄介于139~149 Ma之间,其加权平均年龄为141±2 Ma。反映X井火山岩属于晚侏罗世晚期–早白垩世早期,因此这套暗色岩系应为晚侏罗世–早白垩世地层。对比山东半岛中生代岩浆作用的年代学和地球化学资料发现,北黄海盆地与胶莱盆地火成岩可能具有相同的动力学机制,形成于与俯冲有关的火山弧或弧后伸展环境背景。     

下扬子天目山盆地火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS定年及地质意义

天目山盆地是下扬子江南隆起带保存较完整的中生代火山盆地,中生代火山岩系岩性自下而上主要为流纹岩-英安岩-安山岩。对盆地内黄尖组下段流纹岩和英安岩分别进行了锆石 LA-ICP MS定年,分别获得了133.6±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.73)和135.0±2.1 Ma(MSWD=0.78)的锆石U-Pb年龄,指示天目山盆地黄尖组火山岩时代为早白垩世。天目山盆地火山活动起始时间和长江中下游地区晚中生代火山活动基本一致,说明江南隆起带和长江中下游地区在早白垩世均处于强烈拉张环境。     

皖南屯溪地区石岭组流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其时代的重新厘定

皖南屯溪地区位于江南新元古代造山带东段,发育少量中生代燕山期石岭组流纹岩、凝灰岩等火山岩。因一直缺乏精确的测年数据,以往研究者根据屯溪地区1∶5万区域地质调查获得的石岭组火山岩全岩K-Ar年龄值115~139 Ma,将其形成时代定为晚侏罗世—早白垩世。由于2004年前后国际地质年代表将侏罗纪与白垩纪界线由135 Ma提前到145 Ma,石岭组火山岩的形成时代便由原来的晚侏罗世—早白垩世更改为早白垩世。在屯溪东面尤溪村石岭组流纹岩中首次获得精确的LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄154.7±2.5Ma,早于145Ma,表明屯溪地区石岭组火山岩形成于晚侏罗世而不是早白垩世。这一发现对构建皖南乃至中国东南部晚中生代构造演化模型具有参考意义。     

海拉尔盆地中生代火山岩的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

大兴安岭中段中生代火山岩分布区植被覆盖严重,研究工作较周边地区相对落后,地层间接触关系不明,其填图单位的形成时代和构造背景问题是该地区研究的重点。因此本次针对海拉尔盆地呼伦湖东岸兴安群的满克头鄂博组和玛尼吐组的火山岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。测年结果显示满克头鄂博组的流纹岩的平均年龄为(160±1.3)Ma(MWSD=0.042),属晚侏罗世早期;玛尼吐组的安山岩的平均年龄为(147.6±1.7)Ma(MWSD=0.44),属晚侏罗世晚期。综合前人在该区域的中生代火山岩的测年及地球化学研究结果,表明海拉尔盆地中生代火山岩的形成时代是晚侏罗世—早白垩世,成因应与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合-造山后的伸展构造环境有关。     

赤峰地区中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学证据

赤峰地区中生代火山岩由流纹岩、粗安质熔结凝灰岩、粗安岩组成。通过LA-ICP-MS技术对赤峰地区中生代火山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年研究,该区中生代火山岩中的锆石呈半自形—自形晶,发育振荡环带,Th/U值较高(0.50～2.26),为岩浆成因。满克头鄂博组火山岩2个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(156±2)Ma(n=24)和(157±3)Ma(n=19),形成于晚侏罗世;玛尼吐组火山岩样品中的锆石U-Pb年龄为(147±2)Ma(n=18),形成时代属于晚侏罗世;白音高老组火山岩2个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(132±1)Ma(n=23)和(138±3)Ma(n=18),形成时代属于早白垩世。赤峰地区中生代火山岩应形成于太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲后的伸展环境中。     

赣南-粤北地区晚白垩世早期长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中国东南部晚白垩世早期广泛发育红色沉积岩系,沉积岩系底部常见玄武岩夹层,但赣南-粤北的长塘、仁居、寻乌盆地以长英质火山岩为主体,底部也夹有玄武岩层,构成“大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩”的双峰式组合。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明,长塘、仁居盆地流纹岩和寻乌盆地碎斑熔岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为96.8Ma±1.4Ma、95.5Ma±1.3Ma、96.7Ma±1.1Ma,属晚白垩世早期。鉴于版石盆地火山岩系为长英质火山岩组合,且中部凝灰岩和上部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为142.5Ma±1.3Ma和131.4Ma±1.3Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地的火山岩系不能与版石盆地的火山岩系对比。赣南-粤北长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地长英质火山岩地质时代的确认,证实余姚-丽水-政和-大浦-莲花山断裂以东和以西“大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩”构成的不对称双峰式组合具有不同的地质时代,显示出东早西晚的特征,这对于研究中国东南部中生代岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。     

赣南-粤北地区晚白垩世早期长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中国东南部晚白垩世早期广泛发育红色沉积岩系,沉积岩系底部常见玄武岩夹层,但赣南-粤北的长塘、仁居、寻乌盆地以长英质火山岩为主体,底部也夹有玄武岩层,构成"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"的双峰式组合。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明,长塘、仁居盆地流纹岩和寻乌盆地碎斑熔岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为96.8Ma±1.4Ma、95.5Ma±1.3Ma、96.7Ma±1.1Ma,属晚白垩世早期。鉴于版石盆地火山岩系为长英质火山岩组合,且中部凝灰岩和上部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为142.5Ma±1.3Ma和131.4Ma±1.3Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地的火山岩系不能与版石盆地的火山岩系对比。赣南-粤北长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地长英质火山岩地质时代的确认,证实余姚-丽水-政和-大浦-莲花山断裂以东和以西"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"构成的不对称双峰式组合具有不同的地质时代,显示出东早西晚的特征,这对于研究中国东南部中生代岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。     

赣东北冷水坑铅锌银矿田流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

冷水坑铅锌银矿田位于扬子地块与华夏地块的江山—绍兴结合带南侧、武夷隆起带西北部的天华山火山盆地内,是武夷山成矿带中生代火山岩带中独具特色的斑岩型矿床。矿田内的火山岩分布广泛,但是区内火山岩系的地质时代归属仍然存在分歧,存在晚侏罗世和早白垩世早期的不同认识,制约了区域地质找矿工作。笔者等在对矿田火山岩系的岩性和岩相特征调查的基础上,对冷水坑矿田内鹅湖岭组流纹岩样品进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,结果显示3件样品的锆石n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(238)U)年龄加权平均值分别为139.5±1.1 Ma、137.8±1.3 Ma和139.4±1.2 Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,指示流纹岩所在火山岩系地质时代为早白垩世早期。火山喷发有气爆和浆爆等喷发形式,分别表现为普利尼式和斯通博利式、乌尔卡诺式等不同喷发形式,所形成的火山碎屑岩中不同来源的晶屑、岩屑和浆屑各自所占比例不同,导致最小锆石U-Pb年龄的地质含义也不同,不一定都能代表火山碎屑岩的形成年龄。结合前人获得的凝灰岩和晚侏罗世花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄,推测冷水坑铅锌银矿田早白垩世早期发生了不同形式的火山喷发活动,是否存在晚侏罗世火山岩系仍值得探讨。     

赣南—粤北版石群及其地质时代

赣南—粤北中生代晚期存在上、中、下3个不同时代的火山岩系,其中上火山岩系称为版石群。根据岩性岩相特征,版石群可进一步划分为两个岩组:下岩组称为合水组,以砾岩、砂岩、页岩等沉积岩为主、夹火山岩,代表火山活动初始期的产物;上岩组称为优胜组,岩性为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩,代表火山活动喷发期的产物。长塘盆地优胜组熔结凝灰岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为89.5Ma;仁差盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为91.9～94Ma,熔结凝灰岩锆石UPb法年龄为86.5Ma,次流纹斑岩锆石UPb法年龄为93.5Ma;菖蒲盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为104Ma;版石盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为72.2Ma,全岩KAr法年龄为77.6Ma,可见版石群优胜组的地质时代为早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期。另外,合水组的生物化石反映出早白垩世的特征,因此,将版石群置于早白垩世—晚白垩世早期是可信的。     

海拉尔盆地火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

海拉尔盆地位于大兴安岭西侧,盆内存在多套火山-沉积岩组合.通过对海拉尔盆地Chu8井等4处火山岩样品进行的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,探讨了海拉尔盆地火山岩的形成时代和构造背景,为盆内和邻区地层对比以及大兴安岭地区构造演化提供了依据.研究区4个火山岩样品的锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,显示出典型的岩浆生长环带,结合其高的Th/U比值(0.22~1.50),说明其属于岩浆成因.测年结果表明,海拉尔盆地布达特群确实存在时代为晚三叠世-早侏罗世(214.4±4.3 Ma)的火山岩,结合前人研究,可将盆内火山作用划分为4期:分别为中-晚石炭世基底岩浆岩(320~290 Ma);晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期布特达特群火山碎屑岩组(224~197 Ma);晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期塔木兰沟组(152~138 Ma);早白垩世晚期铜钵庙组(128~117 Ma).大兴安岭地区各期岩浆作用的地球化学特征、时空分布特征以及盆地地震剖面特征表明,中-晚石炭世基底岩浆岩(320~290 Ma)是额尔古纳-兴安地块和松嫩地块碰撞造山后的伸展背景下形成的;晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期火山岩(224~197 Ma)是古亚洲洋闭合后的伸展背景下形成的,该期火山岩的发现说明古亚洲洋构造域对大兴安岭地区的影响至少延续到早侏罗世早期(197 Ma),而该区域蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲碰撞最早可能开始于早侏罗世以后;晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(152~138 Ma)和早白垩世晚期(128~117 Ma)火山岩的形成均与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋碰撞闭合后的伸展作用有关.盆内部分火山岩样品中存在古元古代-新元古代捕获的锆石,这表明额尔古纳地块和兴安地块很可能存在着元古代结晶基底.      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861