北山南部早二叠世A型流纹岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义

北山南部晚古生代构造背景争议已久,该区下二叠统普遍发育一套流纹岩系,但尚未对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究。本文首次对该区下二叠统5条代表性剖面中的流纹岩进行了元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩Sr-Nd及锆石Hf同位素等研究。U-Pb年龄介于294. 7～272. 7Ma之间,结合古生物资料,明确其喷发时代为早二叠世。该区早二叠世流纹岩大多属高钾钙碱性系列,呈钙碱-碱钙质,为准铝-过铝质岩石。岩石主量元素Si、K、Na、Fe含量高,贫Ca、Mg;微量元素富集Ga、Rb、Zr、Hf、Y,亏损Ba、Sr等;稀土元素存在明显负Eu异常;呈现高Fe OT/MgO与10000×Ga/Al比值,这些特征表明该区早二叠世流纹岩为A型流纹岩。独山剖面流纹岩锆石具有高的εHf(t)值(+11. 4～+16. 7),Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为231～573Ma;干泉剖面流纹岩锆石εHf(t)值为-8. 8～+8. 9,Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为802Ma～1961Ma;珊瑚井和俞井子剖面中的流纹岩具有低的εNd(t)值(-4. 21～-2. 92),高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7108～0. 7223),Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1256～1386Ma,其锆石εHf(t)为正值(+1. 3～+17. 0)(tDM2为691～1797Ma);沙红山南剖面流纹岩εNd(t)值(-2. 00～-1. 81)较低,Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1207～1222Ma,锆石εHf(t)值介于+1. 6～+10. 7(tDM2为623～2576Ma)。地球化学特征表明独山剖面的流纹质岩浆为古生代新生地壳的重熔,其它剖面酸性火山岩岩浆则主要为中新元古代地壳物质熔融所形成,揭示了北山南部早二叠世岩石圈伸展减薄的地球动力学背景,结合该区构造岩浆事件序列、地层学以及沉积学等其它地质学证据,认为北山南部早二叠世为裂谷环境。     

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铝质A型流纹岩成因及其意义

东昆仑造山带古生代后碰撞岩浆岩的成因及后碰撞伸展环境的形成机制一直备受争议。本文选择东昆仑造山带古生代海德乌拉流纹岩开展锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素地质学及全岩地球化学研究,分析其成因并探讨后碰撞伸展环境的起始时间和形成机制。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,海德乌拉流纹岩形成于426Ma,属于志留纪罗德洛世岩浆活动产物。样品显示高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列岩石特征;其A/CNK值为1.04-1.18,属于过铝质-强过铝质岩石。在原始地幔标准化微量元素图解上,样品显示Th、U和Pb等元素相对富集,Nb、Ta、Ti、Ba和Sr等元素相对亏损的特征;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素图解上,海德乌拉样品显示轻稀土相对富集且具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.03-0.06)。海德乌拉流纹岩显示出高FeO^T/MgO和10⁴×Ga/Al比值以及高场强元素总量(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y),属于A型岩浆岩范畴。样品的锆石ε_Hf(t)为+0.60～+2.39,对应的二阶段模式年龄介于1285～1370Ma之间。元素和同位素地球化学特征显示海德乌...     

2.3 Ga Magmatism and 1.94 Ga Metamorphism in the Xiatang Area,Southern Margin of the North China Craton——Evidence from Whole-rock Geochemistry and Zircon Geochronology and Hf Isotope

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成.岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中.片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30 Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低∑FeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(∑REE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu(*)=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-0.75; tDM(Nd) =2.66 Ga.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25 Ga;岩石低SiO2 和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(∑REE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[ (La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常( Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd) =2.75 Ga.片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94 Ga变质锆石年龄.片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDMI(Hf) =2627 ～2910 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823 ～ 3255 Ma.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-19.58～ -1.73,tDM1 (Hf) =2664～3360 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968 ～4011 Ma.结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在—规模较大的约2.3 Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的＞2.7 Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史.     

大兴安岭北部漠河地区早奥陶世A型花岗岩锆石U- Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素研究

大兴安岭北部漠河地区黑云母二长花岗岩中锆石自形程度较好,主要为长柱状,具有较为清晰的韵律环带结构,表明锆石岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究显示岩石形成时代为早奥陶世(481±5Ma)。岩石地球化学研究显示,岩石属于钙碱性、弱过铝质系列花岗岩,高硅(SiO_2=71.42%～72.57%)、富碱(ALK=8.11%～8.76%)、贫镁(MgO=0.52%～0.54%)。10000Ga/Al值为2.73～2.85,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量374×10~(-6)～495×10~(-6),岩浆形成温度801～897℃,判断岩石为A型花岗岩。岩石有中等的负Eu异常(δEu=0.24～0.35),Rb/Sr值为1.18～1.38、Ba/La值为8.7～12.4、Mg~#值为23.3～30.3,及低Ni(1.51×10~(-6)～5.59×10~(-6))、Cr(6.60×10~(-6)～13.4×10~(-6))、V(20.0×10~(-6)～21.6×10~(-6))含量。岩石的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.22～5.57,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))变化于1021～1453Ma之间,主要源于中新元古代增生地壳。结合区域构造演化及构造判别,认为岩石形成于额尔古纳地块与西伯利亚板块拼合造山后的伸展背景。     

华北克拉通南缘豫西下汤地区2.3 Ga岩浆作用和1.94 Ga变质作用

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中。片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低ΣFeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(ΣREE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-0.75;tDM(Nd)=2.66Ga。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25Ga;岩石低SiO2和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(ΣREE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[(La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd)=2.75Ga。片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94Ga变质锆石年龄。片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDM1(Hf)=2627～2910Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823～3255Ma。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-19.58～-1.73,tDM1(Hf)=2664～3360Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968～4011Ma。结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在一规模较大的约2.3Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的>2.7Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史。     

新疆贝勒库都克岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

贝勒库都克正长花岗岩体位于东准噶尔贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩带中,该带由正长花岗岩、钠铁闪石花岗岩、钠闪石花岗岩体组成.通过对贝勒库都克正长花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定,获得306±5 Ma的206Pb/238U年龄,表明岩体侵位时代为晚石炭世末.结合前人的年龄数据限定了贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩带形成时代为晚石炭世末一早二叠世初(307～290 Ma).岩石地球化学表明,贝勒库都克正长花岗岩具有富硅、碱、REE、Rb、Th、Ce、Nd、Hf元素,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu、Nb、Zr元素,富集轻稀土,强负铕异常,(Ga/Al)×104=4～4.1,具有A2型花岗岩特征.贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩的形成是紧随造山运动之后发生,形成于后碰撞阶段的张性构造环境中.     

大兴安岭得耳布尔地区中侏罗世流纹岩成因及成岩地球动力学背景

大兴安岭西坡北段得耳布尔地区广泛分布中侏罗世酸性火山岩-次火山岩类,岩石组合以流纹岩、流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩和石英斑岩组合为主,有关它们的成岩时代、岩石成因以及成岩动力学机制尚未开展过系统的年代学与地球化学研究。本文对该区比利亚铅锌多金属矿区流纹岩进行了岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS单颗粒锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(164.2±1.6) Ma(MSWD=7.7,n=14),成岩时间为中侏罗世。岩石中主量元素Si、K、Al质量分数较高,属高钾、钙碱性、过铝质岩石系列。微量元素显示它们富集大离子亲石元素,弱富集高场强元素,明显亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf和Th/U值分别为13.05～22.36、39.57～43.57和3.37～3.51。稀土元素存在明显负铕异常(δEu=0.69～0.76),La_N/Yb_N、La/Ce和La/Yb值分别为9.95～10.12、0.48～0.50和14.13～15.05。此外,它们的元素地球化学还呈现出低的10 000Ga/Al值(2...     

大兴安岭中段突泉地区早白垩世碱性流纹岩锆石U-Pb定年及岩石成因

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄表明,突泉地区碱性流纹岩锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄分别为135±1Ma、133±1Ma,属于早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学资料表明,碱性流纹岩具富SiO_2、K_2O和高TFeO/MgO值,低Al_2O_3、CaO和MgO的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石,稀土元素总量较高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具右倾的稀土元素分布模式,负Eu异常明显,相对富集Rb、U、Zr、Hf,亏损Sr、Ti、Nb、Ta等元素,花岗岩判别图解上,样品分布在A型花岗岩区;在Nb-Y-3Ga图解上,显示拉张构造环境的A_2型花岗岩的特征;元素地球化学示踪指出,突泉地区碱性流纹岩可能起源于下地壳的部分熔融,结合区域上分布的同时代火山岩及A型花岗岩类,可以限定碱性流纹岩形成于伸展构造背景,并可能与北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带的演化有关。锆石Hf同位素研究显示,本区早白垩世流纹岩ε_(Hf)(t)值为+4.2～+10.7,其二阶模式年龄平均为0.74～0.76Ga,结合松嫩地块、兴安地块Hf同位素资料,表明兴安地块与松嫩地块具有相似的地壳增生过程。     

西藏那曲地区早白垩世A型花岗岩成因及其构造意义

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布早白垩世岩浆岩,它们是班公湖-怒江洋俯冲消减及拉萨地块与南羌塘地块碰撞过程的直接响应,为研究特提斯大洋演化、青藏高原早期陆块聚合提供了重要素材。本文报道了班公湖-怒江缝合带中段那曲地区黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于114～113 Ma(早白垩世晚期)。地球化学分析表明,岩石显示出高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列特征,同时具有高的Ga/Al×10000比值(介于2.02～3.15之间,平均为2.61)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为524.87×10^-6)。此外,锆饱和温度和锆石Ti温度计共同指示岩浆形成于高温的环境(>800℃),这些特征与典型的A型花岗岩相一致。黑云母二长花岗岩中锆石具有低的ε_Hf(t)值(10.1～6.4),对应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为1852～1547 Ma,指示其岩浆可能源自安多微陆块中下地壳古老结晶基底的部分熔融。结合区域研究成果,认为那...     

西藏松多地区早侏罗世变质辉长岩的成因及其构造意义

冈底斯岩浆岩带中东部松多地区新发现的变质辉长岩对于讨论松多古特提斯洋演化历史具有重要约束意义。在详细野外地质调查基础上,本文报道了松多变质辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、锆石Hf同位素成分分析和全岩地球化学组成,并探讨了岩石的成因及其对松多古特提斯洋构造演化的启示。结果表明,松多变质辉长岩原岩形成于195±6Ma～202±2Ma之间; Si O2含量为45. 56%～53. 69%,MgO含量较高为6. 04%～11. 75%,Mg#为66～77;高Cr(209×10-6～746×10-6)和Ni(80×10-6～234×10-6)含量。该岩石富集轻稀土元素,平滑右倾的稀土配分模式介于E-MORB和OIB之间;富集大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta等高场强元素;具有较低的(La/Yb)N=2. 06～4. 81、(La/Sm)N=1. 50～2. 48、(Gd/Yb)N=1. 21～1. 67和(Ce/Y)N2。锆石εHf(t)值为-1. 9～3. 9,具相对古老Hf模式年龄(988～1361Ma)。综合对区域地质、年代学、岩石地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素等资料的全面分析,认为松多早侏罗世变质辉长岩原岩的岩浆可能起源于下地壳改造的亏损岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于松多古特提斯洋壳板片断离事件所引发岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861