FALLOW AND FERTILITY UNDER SUBSISTENCE CULTIVATION IN THE PAPUA NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS: I. FALLOW SUCCESSIONS

The Wola people of Nipa District in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea show little interest in attempting to manipulate the fallow vegetation that colonises their garden sites when they cease to cultivate them, although they are intimately aware of the composition of different successions. Their disinterest signals an interesting farming regime, one in which people cultivate some land semi-permanently under non-perennial crops within the broad context of a swidden regime. This paper reports on the general sequence in which plants recolonise cleared sites, both according to locally identified stages and the results of a survey of fallow vegetation on sites uncultivated for different periods of time. The attitudes of local people to various regrowth species are also discussed in the context of fallow management. One species, the casuarina, emerges as pre-eminent and its effect on fallow soil recuperation is investigated.     

长江上游退耕还林区的土壤退化与肥力重建

长江上游退耕还林战略举措的关键技术之一是要模清主该区土壤性状和退化问题,进而肝取行之有效的土壤退化防治措施,尽快恢复生态、保护长江全安。以占该区面积最大的紫色土退化为例,提出了该区土壤退化特征、类型和发生现状。指出该区环境的脆弱性和人为干扰是土壤退化根本成果,建议：（１）建立保护区全面封禁管护（２）构建网格生物篱保持水土增厚土层（３）加强土壤碳氮物质循环强化培肥（４）分带治土造林建立垄沟种植培肥体     

KIDS AND SPACE IN THE PUERTO RICAN HIGHLANDS

ABSTRACT. The spatial world of the child comprises two great realms, “in’ and “out,’ more or less corresponding to the great behavioral domains of “got to’ and “doing nothing.’ Within the “got‐to’ domain–and thus “in’–are home, school, and other loci of secure, stable authority. Included in “doing nothing’–and so “out’–are street and yard, field and stream, pool hall and movie theater, the spaces of games, things to do, and really doing nothing. This study looks at the shifting relationships of these realms across the life cycle of kids in the highlands of Puerto Rico in 1969–1970.     

金衢盆地退化红砂土在不同利用方式下肥力逆转特征

以浙江省金衢盆地为例 ,探讨了我国南方山间盆地广泛分布的退化红砂土的特征 ,研究了退化红砂土在人为参与下土壤肥力的逆转及其与利用方式的关系 ,分析了各种利用方式下红砂土肥力性质的演变特征。     

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF INTENSE PREHISTORIC SOIL EROSION IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL JORDAN

Soils and alluvial sediments in two wadi systems provide preliminary evidence of intense prehistoric soil erosion in the Plateau of Central Jordan. Magnetic susceptibility, color, secondary carbonate morphology, and soil structure suggest that, at the end of the Pleistocene, red Mediterranean soils (terra rossa soils) extended into areas that today are dry steppes on desert fringes. The chronological correlation between alluvial depositional events and cultural phases in the context of climatic change in the Levant suggests that climatic fluctuations at the end of the Pleistocene, which were characterized by gradual drying and warming, triggered several consecutive cycles of soil erosion. There is also evidence to suggest that the advent of early farming in the early Holocene played an important role in the continuation of soil erosion processes. The results of this preliminary research suggest that studies of ancient soil erosion in this region, red Mediterranean soils are a useful chronological and pedological datum to be correlated with alluvial and colluvial deposits. [Key words: soil erosion, alluvial sequences, red Mediterranean soils, Levant, Jordan, Middle East, soil properties.]     

我国不同地理条件下耕作土中的氟及其与地方性氟中毒的关系

本文论述了我国不同地理条件下耕作土中氟的地理分布特征,及其与地方性氟中毒的关系。     

不同作物下的土壤水盐运动分析

通过１９９５，１９９６年在阿克苏水平衡试验站对不同种植作物的土壤水分，盐分取样分析，显示不同情况下盐分运动规律差异很大，呈现出干旱区土壤盐分含量高，活动强烈的特征。     

COUNTER-URBANIZATION IN SOCIETAL CONTEXT: LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION TO THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND*

Recent growth in long-distance migration by non-Scots to remote parts of the Scottish Highlands is evaluated in relation to key explanatory themes in counter-urbanization literature: rural-urban convergence, expansion of the affluent middle class, and changing residential preferences. A survey of in-migrants' motivations and livelihood adjustments reveals the primacy of quality of life considerations and a ‘satisficing’ approach to work, lifestyle and residential location. It is concluded that peripheral area counter-urbanization could be maintained without the context of societal affluence that spawned the movement in the 1960s.