气候变化对人体健康影响的研究进展

从高温热浪、极端气候事件、空气污染、海平面上升等角度综述了气候变化对人类健康的影响,就气候变化对媒介传播性、水源性、食源性、呼吸道传染病以及部分慢性非传染病的影响进行了阐述,并提出了该领域亟待解决的科学问题和研究重点,包括法律体系的建立、机理的研究、疾病负担的测量以及成本效益分析等。     

气候变化对人体健康影响的综合指标探讨

气候变化,即气温、湿度、气压、风、太阳辐射、大气化学物质等各种气候因子的变化, 皆能引起人体生理和心理的反应。综合考虑各个气候因子的影响程度、变化机理,得出一种能反映气候的变化与人体健康之间的关系综合指标,这对于气候和环境的变化对人类健康影响的分析研究有重要意义。       

气候变化与人体健康

综述了气候变化与人类健康的关系,着重分析了气候变化对人体健康影响的主要方面与途径、适应气候变化的主要措施,提出了气候变化与人体健康关系研究中的科学问题及优先研究领域。并从国家层面上探讨了如何加强能力建设与制度建设等保障措施。     

气候变化对海岸带环境的影响及防治对策

分析了由于温室效应引起的全球气候变暖导致海平面上升对海平面上升后对海岸带环境的可能影响和危害,提出了保护海岸带环境的几点措施。     

气侯变化对人体健康影响的研究进展

从高温热浪、极端气候事件、空气污染、海平面上升等角度综述了气候变化对人类健康的影响,就气候变化对媒介传播性、水源性、食源性、呼吸道传染病以及部分慢性非传染病的影响进行了阐述,并提出了该领域亟待解决的科学问题和研究重点,包括法律体系的建立、机理的研究、疾病负担的测量以及成本效益分析等.     

气候变化对环境空气质量影响的研究进展

回顾了国内外气候变化对环境空气质量影响的相关研究成果.已有研究表明,气候变化可以通过改变地面气温而加速某些大气污染成分(如O3)的前体物(如VOCs)的自然源排放,可以通过改变化学反应速率、边界层高度和天气系统出现频率等来影响污染物的垂直混合和扩散速度,还可以通过改变大气环流形势,进而改变污染物的传输方式;气候变化不仅...     

青藏高原近60年来气候变化及其环境影响研究进展

作为全球能量水分循环的关键区域,青藏高原(下称高原)气候变化对高原及周边地区气候与环境变化具有重要影响.本文从高原表面增暖、辐射变化、降水的多尺度变率、表面风速及环境变化方面回顾了高原近60年来气候变化及其环境效应与物理机制的研究进展,并基于再分析和台站观测资料讨论了近10余年来高原表面温度和风速变化的特征及原因.最后...     

四川大雪山生态红线区生态环境评价与气候变化分析

基于卫星产品和地面气象观测数据,构建遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Environment Index,RSEI）和生物多样性维护功能指数（Biodiversity Maintenance Function Index,BMI）,对 2000~2019年大雪山生态红线区的生态环境状况和生物多样性维护功能进行评价,并分析了红线区气候变化特征。结果表明：（1）2000~2019年红线区生态环境状况总体呈变好趋势,RSEI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达90%。红线区内生态环境状况区域差异明显,北部和中部生态环境较好,东南部生态环境较差。（2）2000~2019年红线区生物多样性功能持续改善,BMI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达84.912%。红线区内BMI一般及以上等级主要位于北部、中部和西部部分地区,差和较差等级主要分布于东南部地区。（3）1990年以来,大雪山红线区显著增暖,降水充足,日照略增,风速略减。暖湿气候条件有利于红线区生态的恢复,使生态环境状况和生态功能趋于好转。     

气候变化对农业的影响研究进展

本文着重介绍了近几年气候变化对农业影响的最新研究进展，其中包括气象因子对农业生态环境的影响、二氧化碳浓度增加、气候变化对农作物光合作用、生长发育、产量、品质、种类、地理分布、种植制度、农业灾害以及农业成本等领域最新研究进展，最后指出了存在的问题以及研究展望。     

Racing climate change: Collaboration and conflict in California's global climate change policy arena

Media accounts routinely refer to California's Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, as “landmark” climate change legislation. On its surface, this label is an accurate reflection of the state's forward-thinking stance across many environmental issues including pesticides, toxic substances, solid waste, and air quality. For all its promise, however, AB 32 can also be considered a low point in the landscape of conflict between state environmental regulators and California's environmental justice movement. While the legislation included several provisions to address the procedural and distributive dimensions of environmental justice, the implementation of AB 32 has been marked by heated conflict. The most intense conflicts over AB 32 revolve around the primacy of market mechanisms such as “cap and trade.” This article examines the drivers and the manifestations of these dynamics of collaboration and conflict between environmental justice advocates and state regulators, and pays particular attention to the scalar and racialized quality of the neoliberal discourse. The contentiousness of climate change politics in California offers scholars and practitioners around the world a cautionary tale of how the best intentions for integrating environmental justice principles into climate change policy do not necessarily translate into implementation and how underlying racialized fractures can upend collaboration between state and social movement actors.     

IPCC AR6报告解读：气候变化与人类健康

IPCC近期发布了第六次评估报告（AR6）第二工作组（WGII）报告《气候变化：影响、适应和脆弱性》,其中第7章“健康、福祉和不断变化的社区结构”评估了气候变化对人类健康和福祉的当前影响以及未来风险,提出了应对气候变化的解决方案和适应策略。报告明确指出,气候变化对气候敏感传染病和慢性非传染性疾病,以及精神心理健康等的威胁正在增加,并表现出复合暴露和连锁事件的风险,且预计未来风险还会随着全球变暖而进一步加剧。实施积极和有效的气候变化适应措施并快速采取行动,将会在很大程度上减少和避免气候变化导致的健康风险,但不会完全消除所有风险。报告凸显了气候变化健康影响的严重性和紧迫性,未来需要加大对健康领域适应气候变化的科技创新、规划、行动和资金支持。     

Trade unions and climate change: The jobs versus environment dilemma

Trade unions are actively engaging with the climate change agenda and formulating climate change policies. Although governments are placing considerable effort on changing consumer behaviour, arguably the most significant impacts on climate change will be through changes in production. Even changes in consumption will have consequences for production. Changes in production will affect workers through the loss of jobs, the changing of jobs, and the creation of new jobs. The jobs versus environment dilemma is a significant issue affecting workers worldwide. In this paper we focus on the ways in which international trade unions are conceptualising the relationship between jobs and the environment, which provide the point of departure from which climate change policies can be formulated. Extended interviews were conducted with senior policy makers in national and international trade unions. On the basis of their responses, four discourses of trade union engagement with climate change are discussed: ‘technological fix’, ‘social transformation’, ‘mutual interests’ and ‘social movement’, which are theorised in the context of the different international histories and models of trade unionism. All discourses imply a re-invention of unions as social movements but do not see nature as a partner in human development.     

Learning effects of interactive decision-making processes for climate change adaptation

Learning is gaining attention in relation to governance processes for contemporary environmental challenges; however, scholarship at the nexus of learning and environmental governance lacks clarity and understanding about how to define and measure learning, and the linkages between learning, social interactions, and environment. In response, this study aimed to advance and operationalize a typology of learning in an environmental governance context, and examined if a participatory decision-making process (adaptive co-management) for climate change adaptation fostered learning. Three types of learning were identified: cognitive learning, related to the acquisition of new or the structuring of existing knowledge; normative learning, which concerns a shift in viewpoints, values or paradigms, and relational learning, referring to an improved understanding of others’ mindsets, enhanced trust and ability to cooperate. A robust mixed methods approach with a focus on quantitative measures including concept map analysis, social network analysis, and self-reflective questions, was designed to gauge indicators for each learning type. A participatory decision-making process for climate change adaptation was initiated with stakeholders in the Niagara region, Canada. A pseudo-control group was used to minimize external contextual influences on results. Clear empirical evidence of cognitive and relational learning was gained; however, the results from normative learning measures were inconclusive. The learning typology and measurement method operationalized in this research advances previous treatments of learning in relation to participatory decision-making processes, and supports adaptive co-management as a governance strategy that fosters learning and adaptive capacity.     

应对气候变化与保护生物多样性协同：全球实践与启示

气候变化与生物多样性丧失是当前全球面临的两大热点和难点环境问题,二者协同推进的必要性和重要性也在全球范围内形成广泛共识。文中在总结我国“双碳”目标下应对气候变化与保护生物多样性协同的现状与挑战的基础上,对近年来各国应对气候变化和保护生物多样性协同方面的政策实践进行了系统梳理与总结,各主要国家近年来在战略规划、生态空间、绿色金融、科技创新等方面进行了大量实践探索以推动二者协同,在这些实践推动下,全球已逐渐将“碳中和”和“生物多样性”融入生态环境治理新格局、将基于自然的解决方案（NbS）作为二者协同领域最有效的新路径、将绿色金融和科技创新作为推动二者协同发展的新动力。鉴于此,我国在二者协同推进中亟需将生物多样性保护纳入双碳“1+N”政策体系,注重将基于自然的解决方案融入城镇化、乡村振兴等重大国家发展战略,鼓励引导绿色金融、数字科技支持二者协同的重点领域,提高公众认知和社会参与,以推进二者协同并助力我国成为全球生态治理的重要参与者、贡献者和引领者。     

A Modeling Study of Climate Change and Its Implication for Agriculture in China Part II: The Implication of Climate Change for Agriculture in China

The potential CO2-induced impacts on the geographical shifts of wheat growth zones in China were studied from seven GCMs outputs. The wheat growth regions may move northward and westward under the condition of a doubling CO2 climate. The wheat cultivation features and variety types may also assume significant changes. Climatic warming would have a positive influence in Northeast China, but high temperature stress may be produced in some regions of central and southern China. Higher mean air temperatures during wheat growth, particularly during the reproductive stages, may increase the need for earlier-maturing and more heat-tolerant cultivars.     

PM2.5 and ozone pollution-related health challenges in Japan with regards to climate change

The degradation of air quality, an environmental consequence of anthropogenic activities, poses a challenge to human health. However, the corresponding control measures incur additional costs. This study presents an analysis of the health and socioeconomic benefits of air quality control measures and climate change mitigation. Multidisciplinary modelling was used for PM_2.5 and ozone distribution to analyze the co-benefits of end-of-pipe measures and electrification as well as their period-specific impacts on human health and the economy. The results indicated that the long-term impacts of end-of-pipe technologies and electrification in Japan's residential, building, and transportation sectors could reduce premature deaths, caused by PM_2.5 and ozone pollution, by 65,500 annually from 2010 to 2050. These technologies could save a per capita work hour loss of 3.64 h and avoid an economic loss of 5.43 billion USD by 2050. This study predicted climate actions would enable western Japan to benefit from PM_2.5 control measures, whereas the entire country would benefit from ozone pollution reduction.     

对基于土地应对气候变化的新认知

2019年8月7日IPCC《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要获得通过,报告涉及对基于土地应对气候变化不同措施的评估,取得一些新的认知,包括定量评估基于土地的40种综合措施对提高气候变化减缓和适应能力、防治荒漠化和土地退化、增强粮食安全、保护生物多样性和水资源及促进可持续发展的效益,提出在防治荒漠化和土地退化及保障粮食安全过程中提高气候变化适应和减缓能力的措施,评估了实施不同措施的风险、限制、障碍和保障政策等。在措施的分类、气候变化适应的主体对象,以及风险和政策分析等方面还存在一些不足。评估报告结论将对我国建立基于土地的应对气候变化的对策,促进把应对气候变化与防治荒漠化和土地退化、保护生态环境与增强粮食安全工作结合,制定相关政策等方面都具有重要的启示意义。     

Citizens, consumers and sustainability: (Re)Framing environmental practice in an age of climate change

Recent moves by national and local policy makers have sought to encourage individuals to engage in a wide range of pro-environmental practices to address both discrete environmental problems and major, global challenges such as climate change. The major framing device for these developments is the notion of ‘citizen–consumers’, which positions individual ecological responsibilities alongside consumer choice logics in a Neo-liberal socio-economic framework. In the environmental social sciences, there have been recent moves to interpret the citizen–consumer through adopting a social practices approach, which advances the notion that in understanding environmental commitments, a deeper appreciation of underlying norms, values, identity politics and consumption is required to uncover the complex processes that lead to environmental practices in specific contexts. This paper argues that whilst these approaches have considerable utility in tracing the normalisation of established and discrete environmental practices in particular contexts, the issue of climate change represents an independent and over-arching discursive conflict between new and embedded practices that challenges the ability of citizen–consumers to act as agents for change. Accordingly, the data presented in this paper suggest that climate change can be seen as an unsettling and dynamic issue that generates discursive conflict in its own right around fundamental issues of knowledge, responsibility, scale and place. The paper therefore argues that a new and more critical perspective is required within environmental social science to understand (conflicting) discourses of sustainable living between the ‘passive’ normalisation of conventional environmental practice and the ‘contested’ ambiguities of climate change.     

Asking about climate change: Reflections on methodology in qualitative climate change research published in Global Environmental Change since 2000

There is increasing evidence that climate change will strongly affect people across the globe. Likely impacts of and adaptations to climate change are drawing the attention of researchers from many disciplines. In adaptation research focus is often on perceptions of climate change and on vulnerability and adaptation strategies in a particular region or community. But how do we research the ways in which people experience changing climatic conditions, the processes of decision-making, the actual adaptation strategies carried out and the consequences of these for actors living and dealing with climate change? On the basis of a literature review of all articles published in Global Environmental Change between 2000 and 2012 that deal with human dimensions of climate change using qualitative methods this paper provides some answers but also raises some concerns. The period and length of fieldwork and the number and types of interviews conducted are, for example, not always clear. Information on crucial aspects of qualitative research like researcher positionality, social positions of key informants, the use of field assistants, language issues and post-fieldwork treatment of data is also lacking in many articles. We argue that this lack of methodological information and reflections is particularly problematic in an interdisciplinary field such as climate change research and journals such as Global Environmental Change and that clearer communication is key to facilitate truly interdisciplinary dialogue.