粤西云炉地区混合岩的成因研究

在两广交界的云开大山加里东造山带中，从广东高州新垌向云炉方向依次发育部分混合岩化岩石、条带状混合岩、眼球条带状混合岩及片麻状混合岩等混合岩带。笔者通过对混合岩进行质量平衡计算，结构系统统计分析、矿物学、地球化学及云炉地区变质前景的研究，确定该区混合岩的主要形成机制为深溶作用。在深溶作用过程中，没有显著的钾、钠、硅等外来组分的带入和钙、铁、镁等组分的带出。     

豫西小秦岭地区晚古元古代地壳深熔作用及构造意义:岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学证据

太华群出露于华北中部造山带南段,是研究华北克拉通南缘演化的关键地区,对其研究不仅有助于深入了解华北克拉通古、中元古代构造演化特征,对于华北克拉通东西陆块碰撞时间的厘定也具有重要意义.通过对豫西小秦岭地区太华群深熔作用形成的3类混合岩开展岩相学研究,发现深熔作用对岩石的改造是不均匀的,明显受到了原岩的物质成分、岩石的结构构等性质的制约.通过对岩浆锆石及深熔锆石进行LA-ICP-MS定年,确定小秦岭地区太华群混合岩原岩年龄为早古元古代,深熔作用发生时间约为1.8 Ga.研究区混合岩形成于华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后的伸展阶段,与区域同时期形成的大量基性岩墙群及A型花岗岩共同记录了华北克拉通在1.8 Ga前后发生的大规模伸展拉张事件.      

粤西福湖岭混合岩及其原岩的地质年代学研究

为了深入认识华夏地块早古生代陆内造山作用相应的地壳再造过程,本文选取粤西福湖岭混合岩进行了详细的岩相学以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究。根据混合岩化程度,粤西福湖岭混合岩剖面由上而下可以分为3部分:混合岩化沉积变质岩、条带状混合岩和混合花岗岩。根据岩性与岩相学特征,福湖岭混合岩又可分为古成体、暗色体和浅色体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果及与区域上基底变质岩资料的对比研究表明,福湖岭混合岩的原岩(古成体)是形成于新元古代的变质沉积岩。粤西福湖岭混合岩的形成时代为441~435 Ma,是华夏地块早古生代陆内造山事件的重要产物。     

哈尔里克山晚古生代混合岩地质特征、年代学及其构造意义

哈尔里克山位于天山造山带东北缘,是古亚洲洋板片俯冲、弧—陆(或弧—弧)增生拼贴造山作用的产物.出露于哈尔里克山南麓的中—高级变质带中发育有混合岩,其成因和时代尚无详细研究.文章对哈尔里克变质带中的混合岩进行了野外岩相—构造分析与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究.结果显示,该混合岩与高级变质沉积岩紧密伴生,可能是...     

Major element composition of the Loch Coire migmatite complex,Sutherland, Scotland

Analyses of Moine metasediments and migmatites in the Loch Coire area of northern Scotland are used to delineate the fields of composition of the major rock groups. An assessment is made of the relative merits of the hypotheses of isochemical metamorphism and metasomatism in the genesis of the migmatites. Within the migmatites the Fe/Fe ratio is constant, a feature not shown by the metasediments. This is interpreted as evidence of permeation of the migmatites by metasomatising fluids. Granitic sheets which are common in the migmatites have a very variable and predominantly sodium-rich composition more easily reconciled with metasomatism than a simple magmatic or anatectic origin. Attention is also drawn to the sodic nature of the large mass of Loch Coire granite which occurs in the centre of the migmatite area and the possibility is considered that the uprise of sodic magma provided sodium-rich fluids for permeation of the rest of the complex.     

江西省金溪—南城湿合岩和花岗岩的岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学研究

在研究金溪—南城变质混合岩带中混合岩、花岗岩的矿物岩石学基础上,详细研究了它们的Nd、Sr、Pb、O同位素组成.混合岩、花岗岩初始钕同位素组成(143Nd/144Nd)i=0.511689～0.511853,在εNd-T图中位于该地区结晶基底变粒岩、片岩Nd同位素演化域上方,褶皱基底绢云千枚岩Nd同位素演化线下方;初始锶同位素组成(     

Development of the archean crust in the medina mountain area,wind river range,wyoming (U.S.A.)

Evidence for an extensive Archean crustal history in the Wind River Range is preserved in the Medina Mountain area in the west-central part of the range. The oldest rocks in the area are metasedimentary, mafic, and ultramafic blocks in a migmatite host. The supracrustal rocks of the Medina Mountain area (MMS) are folded into the migmatites, and include semi-pelitic and pelitic gneisses, and mafic rocks of probable volcanic origin. Mafic dikes intrude the older migmatites but not the MMS, suggesting that the MMS are distinctly younger than the supracrustal rocks in the migmatites. The migmatites and the MMS were engulfed by the late Archean granite of the Bridger, Louis Lake, and Bears Ears batholiths, which constitutes the dominant rock of the Wind River Range.Isotopic data available for the area include Nd crustal residence ages from the MMS which indicate that continental crust existed in the area at or before 3.4 Ga, but the age of the older supracrustal sequence is not yet known. The upper age of the MMS is limited by a 2.7 Ga RbSr age of the Bridger batholith, which was emplaced during the waning stages of the last regional metamorphism. The post-tectonic Louis Lake and Bears Ears batholiths have ages of 2.6 and 2.5 Ga, respectively (Stuckless et al., 1985).At least three metamorphic events are recorded in the area: (1) an early regional granulite event (M₁) that affected only the older inclusions within the migmatites, (2) a second regional amphibolite event (M₂) that locally reached granulite facies conditions, and (3) a restricted, contact granulite facies event (M₃) caused by the intrusion of charnockitic melts associated with the late Archean plutons. Results from cation exchange geobarometers and geothermometers yield unreasonablu low pressures and temperatures, suggesting resetting during the long late Archean thermal evenn     

Mineral chemistry of banded migmatites from Hafafit and Feiran areas, Egypt

The migmatitic rocks exposed in Hafafit and Feiran areas exhibit some migmatitic structures as the banded, agmatic, boudinage and schlieren structures. The dominant type of these structures is the stromatic migmatites. Electron microprobe analyses of plagioclases, biotites and amphiboles from Hafafit and Feiran areas, in the Eastern Desert and Sinai, Egypt, are carried out and the metamorphic conditions are discussed. The present study revealed marked differences in the composition of plagioclases, biotites and amphiboles from Hafafit and Feiran localities. The obtained data indicated that plagioclases of the Feiran migmatites are of andesine and oligoclase composition, and display anorthite content from An₂₀ to An₃₈; whereas the Hafafit migmatites show a wider range of plagioclases from An₁₀ to An₆₀, and therefore plagioclases have labradorite, andesine and oligoclase composition. This may be due to the slow rate of the crystallisation processes. The analyses indicated that biotites of the studied areas are of metamorphic origin showing significant variation in Fe–Mg. It is worth mentioning that biotites from Hafafit migmatites have Mg–biotite composition while that of Feiram migmatites have Fe–biotite composition. High Mg and low Fe contents in biotite suggest higher crystallisation temperature. The composition of amphiboles in Hafafit migmatites is ferro-tschermakitic hornblende, while amphiboles from Feiram migmatites are magnesio-hornblende. High Ti content in the hornblende of Feiran migmatites suggests that they were formed at slightly higher temperatures and lower pressure than the Hafafit migmatites (i.e. Feiram migmatites and Hafafit migmatites were formed at granulite and amphibolite facies, respectively). Discrimination diagrams show that the muscovite is of secondary origin. Moreover, the present study confirmed that these migmatites are mainly formed by metamorphic differentiation via partial melting.     

糜棱岩、混合岩、花岗岩三者成因联系——粤西深层次推覆构造研究的特殊意义

本文较为详细地研究了粤西深层次推覆构造带中岩石的垂向分带性,一是从外来系统—滑动系统—原地系统的垂向分带性;二是滑动系统内部从糜棱岩带—混合岩带—花岗岩带的垂向分带性;三是糜棱岩带、混合岩带内部的岩石垂向分带性。通过对矿物变形构造、剪切带摩擦生热及熔体强化变形的综合研究,讨论了滑动系统的复杂性与深层次推覆过程的动力变质作用和部分熔融的关系,强调了带中混合岩是由糜棱岩改造而成,花岗岩则可能是混合岩化的最终产物。     

藏南亚东混合岩的成因及地质意义

高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中广泛发育规模不等、形态各异的混合岩,是研究地壳部分熔融作用的天然实验室。尽管观察表明,藏南许多混合岩与淡色花岗岩具有一定的时空联系,但混合岩与淡色花岗岩是否具有成因联系还存在较大的争议。本文对藏南亚东地区的混合岩中进行了野外地质、岩相学、岩石地球化学和年代学等研究。研究结果表明,亚东混合岩主要是部分熔融作用的产物,具有(近)原地熔融的特征,熔融方式以白云母和黑云母脱水熔融为主,并叠加了分离结晶作用。亚东混合岩与淡色花岗岩在成因上具有紧密联系。相关认识为建立造山带构造演化模型提供新的信息。     

亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系部分熔融的时限:来自乃堆拉混合岩锆石U-Pb年代学的约束

高喜马拉雅结晶岩系由中-高级变质岩和淡色花岗岩组成,是研究喜马拉雅造山带形成与演化的天然实验室.高喜马拉雅结晶岩系混合岩和淡色花岗岩中锆石和独居石的定年结果往往是分散的,对这些定年结果的解释还存在争议,严重制约了对高喜马拉雅结晶岩系变质、部分熔融作用的起始时间和持续过程的理解.对造山带中段亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系上部构造层位的乃堆拉混合岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学研究.研究结果显示,乃堆拉混合岩暗色体给出了29.1~24.7 Ma的进变质和部分熔融的时间,混合岩浅色体获得了25.0~13.7 Ma的退变质和熔体结晶的时间,表明亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的部分熔融作用大约开始于30 Ma并持续到13 Ma,暗示它是一个长期、持续的过程.亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系发生部分熔融的时间明显早于藏南拆离系和主中央断裂开始活动的时间,部分熔融可能在高喜马拉雅结晶岩系俯冲过程中就已经发生了.相关成果为建立造山带构造演化模型提供了新信息.      

Strain localization and large-scale block rotation in the lower continental crust, Kataragama area, Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka a suite of rocks is regionally exposed which once formed a part of the middle to lower crust of a collisional orogen with about doubled crustal thickness. A subhorizontal to gently west-dipping major thrust zone (Highland Basal Thrust) crosses Sri Lanka from NNE to SSW. It separates a granulite facies upper unit, the Highland Complex from an amphibolite facies lower unit, the Vijayan Complex with a displacement of more than 300 km. The basal Highland Complex was migmatized during thrusting. Rheological contrasts between dry granulites and migmatites were high in the presence of partial melts. Granulite facies fragments within the migmatites vary from the decimetre to kilometre scale. Granulites in the area of Kataragama, formerly interpreted as the Kataragama Klippe, are now identified as a large-scale raft within the migmatites, which is completely separated from the overriding Highland Complex. During thrusting strain was concentrated in the migmatized basal parts of the Highland Complex. After crystallization of the migmatites thrusting continued, and strain was still localized within the migmatites. Therefore, granulite facies parageneses, structures and textures are preserved in the granulite rafts. The deviation of the granulite facies structures in the Kataragama raft from the general trend in the Highland Complex is interpreted to indicate counterclockwise rotation of the whole raft by about 90° around a subvertical rotation axis.     

Petrological and mineralogical characteristics of younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area,southeastern Sinai,Egypt

This study is concerned with the radioactivity and mineralogy of the younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The area is occupied by metasediments, migmatites, older and younger granites. Most of these rocks, especially granites, are dissected by mafic and felsic dykes as well as pegmatites. The younger granites are represented by three main varieties: monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites. The monzogranite consists essentially of quartz, plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite with minor musco-vite. Iron oxide, titanite, zircon and allanite are the main accessory minerals. Syenogranite is massive, medium- to coarse-grained and commonly exhibits equigranular and hypidiomorphic textures. It is made up essentially of potash feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and biotite. Iron oxides, allanite, epidote, titanite, and zircon are accessory minerals. The alkali feldspar granite consists mainly of perthite, quartz, alkali amphibole (arfvedsonite and riebekite), biotite, sub-ordinate plagioclase and aegirine. Iron oxide, zircon and apatite are accessory minerals, whereas chlorite and sas-surite are secondary minerals. The altered monzogranite and pegmatite recorded high radioelement contents. The eU reaches up to 120 (av.=82×10-6) in the altered monzogranite and up to 55 (av.=27×10-6) in the pegmatites. The high radioactivity in the altered monzogranite is due to the presence of thorite, uranothorite and metamict zircon. In the pegmatites, it is re-lated to the presence of uranophane, uranothorite, thorite, zircon, samarskite, monazite, xenotime, magnetite, ilmen-ite, hematite and rutile.     

Fluid‐fluxed melting and melt loss in a syntectonic contact metamorphic aureole from the Variscan eastern Pyrenees

Open‐system behaviour through fluid influx and melt loss can produce a variety of migmatite morphologies and mineral assemblages from the same protolith composition. This is shown by different types of granulite facies migmatite from the contact aureole of the Ceret gabbro–diorite stock in the Roc de Frausa Massif (eastern Pyrenees). Patch, stromatic and schollen migmatites are identified in the inner contact aureole, whereas schollen migmatites and residual melanosomes are found as xenoliths inside the gabbro–diorite. Patch and schollen migmatites record D1 and D2 structures in folded melanosome and mostly preserve the high‐T D2 in granular or weakly foliated leucosome. Stromatic migmatites and residual melanosomes only preserve D2. The assemblage quartz–garnet–biotite–sillimanite–cordierite±K‐feldspar–plagioclase is present in patch and schollen migmatites, whereas stromatic migmatites and residual melanosomes contain a sub‐assemblage with no sillimanite and/or K‐feldspar. A decrease in X _Fe (molar Fe/(Fe + Mg)) in garnet, biotite and cordierite is observed from patch migmatites through schollen and stromatic migmatites to residual melanosomes. Whole‐rock compositions of patch, schollen and stromatic migmatites are similar to those of non‐migmatitic rocks from the surrounding area. These metasedimentary rocks are interpreted as the protoliths of the migmatites. A decrease in the silica content of migmatites from 63 to 40 wt% SiO₂ is accompanied by an increase in Al₂O₃ and MgO+FeO and by a depletion in alkalis. Thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMASHTO system for the different types of migmatite provides peak metamorphic conditions ~7–8 kbar and 840 °C. A nearly isothermal decompression history down to 5.5 kbar was followed by isobaric cooling from 840 °C through 690 °C to lower temperatures. The preservation of granulite facies assemblages and the variation in mineral assemblages and chemical composition can be modelled by ongoing H₂O‐fluxed melting accompanied by melt loss. The fluids were probably released by the crystallizing gabbro–diorite, infiltrating the metasedimentary rocks and fluxing melting. Release of fluids and melt loss were probably favoured by coeval deformation (D2). The amount of melt remaining in the system varied considerably among the different types of migmatite. The whole‐rock compositions of the samples, the modelled compositions of melts at the solidus at 5.5 kbar and the residues show a good correlation.     

秦岭群条带状混合岩矿物空间分布的研究

由于条带状混合岩具多成因,因此,研究混合岩关键的问题之一是确定其成因。矿物空间分布特征可以用来区分混合岩的成因。本文研究表明,石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩其脉体、基体均为聚集分布,为分异作用形成,并同变形作用有关。用Wilcoxon秩和检验对比了花岗岩和含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩的脉体,结果表明两者的矿物空间分布一致,且趋于随机分布,这些脉体为部分熔融或注入形成。区域变质岩趋向于规则分布。组成混合岩的不同部分在矿物空间分布上可有也可以没有差异,例如,含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩中古成体同脉体有明显差异,而石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩基体和脉体无差异。     

New evidence of cassiterite-bearing Precambrian basement rocks of the Jos Plateau,Nigeria — the Gurum case study

The major sources of cassiterite in Nigeria are the alluvial and eluvial deposits from the biotite granites within the Jurassic alkaline ring complex (the Younger Granites) of the Jos Plateau. Less than 5% of the total production has been recovered from pegmatites within the largely Precambrian basement complex consisting of migmatites, gneisses, the Pan-African (Older) Granites and pegmatites, but with the rapidly depleting reserves of the former source new reserves have to be found.This study presents the first report on an important new source of cassiterite in basement-complex gneisses, migmatites, pegmatites and aplites in the Gurum area near Jos. The cassiterite, which has been economically concentrated by the leaching and weathering of these rocks, is generally finer grained and darker than the alluvial cassiterite derived from the Jurassic biotite granites. This new find has important petrogenetic and economic implications, suggesting that the basement complex could be a suitable parent rock for the Younger Granites and a significant potential source of cassiterite in Nigeria.     

Metapelitic Migmatites From Pangidi Granulite Complex,Eastern Ghats Belt,India: Petrological Constraints on Crustal Melting and Tectonic Exhumation

Metapelitic migmatites in the Pangidi Granulite Complex, Eastern Ghats belt preserve a range of high-grade mineral assemblages that vary with bulk composition. Reaction textures preserved in the migmatites indicate that the crystallized granitic melt was formed in situ by biotite dehydration-melting reactions. Decompression occurred during an episode of partial melting and melt crystallization, and was synchronous with exhumation of migmatites along shear zones. Retrograde reaction textures and the calculated positions of the mineral reactions and discrete P-T points obtained by thermobarometry reflect ∼3 kbar (11 km) of exhumation from near peak P-T conditions of ∼9 kbar and 950°C.Decompression has been traditionally ascribed to be the cause of dehydration melting in many orogens, but the bulk of melting reactions in Pangidi were ultimately driven by elevated temperatures. Simple pressure release during exhumation did not force melting reactions, instead as the present study reveals, it is more likely that the presence of melt triggered deformation in the migmatites and facilitated exhumation.     

Genetic Model for the Stromatic Migmatites of the Rantasalmi-Sulkava Area, Finland

Metasediments of the Rantasalmi-Sulkava area (Finland) showprogressive regional metamorphism with migmatization. The metasedimentsare represented by various types of metapsammites (plagioclase-rich,quartz-rich, and layers of granitic compositions—somerich in microcline and others in plagioclase) and metapelites(dark and light layers). The migmatites of this area are of stromatic type. They consistof leucosomes, mesosomes, and light-coloured plagioclase-richlayers which do not fit the definition of leucosome. Melanosomes,which usually separate leucosomes and mesosomes in stromaticmigmatites, are almost absent. The leucosomes are of three types: (i) quartz-rich; (ii) cordierite-rich;and (iii) granitic. The quartz-rich leucosomes formed firstat subsolidus temperatures through recrystallization. The graniticleucosomes are considered to have developed via partial melting.The cordierite-rich leucosomes are formed—like the graniticones—at supersolidus conditions, but the role of partialmelting is not clear. The mesosomes are the metamorphic portions of the migmatiteswhich are not transformed into leucosomes. They include metapsammiticlayers and light-coloured metapelitic layers, both rich in plagioclase. Besides mineral reactions resulting in new assemblages duringregional metamorphism, the main process changing the protolithsinto migmatites is the conversion of some of the protolith layersinto leucosomes, through (as we believe) an almost isochemicalpartial melting. The migmatites of the Rantasalmi-Sulkava area differ from othermigmatites investigated by the authors in having two differentgenetic types of leucosomes: one formed via partial meltingand the other through subsolidus recrystallization as mentionedabove. The process of migmatization is described and modelledin three steps. Reprint requests to W. Johannes     

Migmatite structures in the Central Gneiss Complex, Boca de Quadra, Alaska

Abstract Migmatite structures in the Coast Plutonic-Metamorphic Complex are well exposed in the inlet of Boca de Quadra, southeast Alaska. Two types of anatectic migmatites are present. Patch migmatites formed by in situ melting and subsequent crystallization of melt. Diktyonitic migmatites comprise a discontinuous veined network of leucocratic material, in which leucosomes enclose boudins of host rock. The margins of these boudins show the development of both melanosomes and shear band fabrics.
Strain analysis of diktyonitic melanosomes indicates that these regions have undergone volume decreases of 20-27%. This volume decrease is attributed to melt extraction into the adjacent fracture-filling leucosomes. Thus, diktyonitic migmatites formed by shear-induced segregation of partial melt, whereas in patch migmatites the lack of shear stresses inhibited melt segregation. The variable structural style of anatectic migmatites in Boca de Quadra is not related to host-rock composition, but may be due to differences in the amount of differential stress during migmatization. These in turn may be controlled by host-rock strength and/or diachroneity of migmatization and deformation.
Determination of volume changes during migmatization using strain analysis is potentially capable of discriminating intrusive and anatectic migmatites and consequently of documenting melt segregation and subsequent migration across crustal levels.     

Partial Melting of Aluminous Metagreywackes in the Northern Sierra de Comechingones, Central Argentina

We describe a suite of metamorphic and migmatitic rocks fromthe Sierra de Comechingones (Sierras Pampeanas of Central Argentina)that include unmelted gneisses, migmatites and refractory granulites.The gneisses are aluminous greywackes metamorphosed in the amphibolitegrade and are likely to have been the protoliths for the higher-grademigmatites and granulites. Mineralogical characteristics andmajor and trace element compositions show that metatexite migmatites,diatexite migmatites and granulites are all melt-depleted rocks.The migmatites (both metatexites and diatexites) have undergoneH₂O-fluxed melting and lost