“由地震预报转向地震预测”学术讨论会

“由地震预报转向地震预测”学术讨论会滨野洋三在地球行星科学关联学会１９９３年联合大会时，东京大学理学部的滨野洋三和东京大学地震研究所的井田喜明主持召开了题为“由地震预报转向地震预测”的学术讨论会。召开这次学术讨论会的思路是，地震预报是基础地球科学最尖...     

中国考察小组赴日参加学术讨论会及考察访问活动概况

应东京大学地震研究所的邀请,我们于1992年5月14—21日访问了日本,参加了“地震与火山喷发预测研究的电磁方法”学术讨论会,实地考察了伊豆半岛地震预报实验场,参观访问了柿罔地磁台与东京大学地震研究所。现将这次访日的简况介绍如下。一、“地震与火山喷发预测研究的电磁方法”学术讨论会概况为拟定1994—1999年第七个五年计划,日本电磁工作组于1992年5月15—16日在东京     

大陆地震活动与地震预报国际学术讨论会——大陆地震活动性和地震地质专题概述

在1982年9月8日至9月14日在中国北京召开的“大陆地震活动与地震预报国际学术讨论会”上,来自23个国家和地区的地震研究人员宣读了许多很有价值的学术论文,反映了近年来世界各国在大陆地震活动和地震预报研究领域中取得的科研成果。这里将其中的两个专题讨论综述如下:     

<与地震有关的大气和电离层的电磁现象>一书简介

在以固体地球为研究对象的学者们之间,实现地震预报实用化这一问题,至今都是困难的,这已逐渐成为共识。但其中唯独“电磁现象”的研究者们却豪情满怀。本书作者早川正已先生是科学技术厅地震前沿研究的学者之一,主要指导宇宙开发事业团(NASDA)的“地球遥感技术项目”的研究。也许有人不可思议,地震电磁现象怎么和遥感扯到一块儿了?答案很简单,最近有报告说,从人造卫星观测到被认为是与地震有关的电磁现象。1997年3月早川先生主持召开了“地震电磁现象国际研讨会”,本书就是从那次会议上发表的文章中汇编了与地面观测、大气以及电离层有关…     

松潘、平武地震十周年地震预报学术讨论会在成都召开

1987年5月11—13日中国地震学会前兆专业委员会、地震地质专业委员会、地震学专业委员会震源力学组、国家地震局分析预报中心、四川省地震学会、四川省地震局、阿坝州和绵阳市地震学会在成都联合召开了“松潘、平武地震十周年地震预报学术讨论会”。这是一次专家、学者云集,专群结合共同研讨地震预报问题的重要讨论会。有来自全国地震系统科研、业务部门及地方各级领导部门的专家、学者和地震科技人员共200余人参加。     

欧洲地震预报研究的历史回顾

1982年欧洲地震学委员会地震预报研究分会在利兹召开了第一次地震预报研究学术讨论会,会上对欧洲地震预报研究作了简短的历史回顾。结果证明欧洲的地震预报研究主要发展于苏联,从本世纪初加利津(G.Galitzin)的研究开始。在阿尔派恩-地中海地区,迄今为止有关研究主要在于研究地震的规律性。1980年欧洲理事会发起的国际地震预报研究计划,预计对西欧国家日益增加的活动会有新的推动。     

国际地震预报和地震危险性估计科学讨论会概况之二——关于地震预报的社会响应问题

国际地震预报和地震危险性估计科学讨论会概况的续篇,扼要介绍了各国地震学家和社会学家对地震预报的社会响应问题的看法,谈到地震的社会对策、包括学术上的对策、技术上的对策以及应急服务、救灾和震后恢复,还涉及地震预报的社会对策,包括对预报能力的评价,在科学家与政府间建立转换机构,其中尤其强调了目前地震预报的水平要求建立一套评价预报可信度的理论和方法,以及相对应的评定机构,以使科学家们能放手大胆地探索预报地震的奥妙。     

会讯

大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会在中国北京召开 由联合国教科文组织(VNEACO)、联合国环境规划署(UNEP)、联合国救灾署(UNDRO)、国际地震及地球内部物理协会(IASPEI)及中国地震学会联合发起并主持的大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会于今年9月8日至14日在北京召开。     

1982年在北京召开大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会概况复述

第七类一篇短文扼要复述了1982年在北京召开大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会概况,说明有关内容详见本刊过去对该讨论会的评述介绍;同时附加说明1982年度在地震方面的另一些较重要会议情况曾先后在本刊1982年或83年各期刊登过,在此不再复述。     

松潘、平武地震十周年地震预报学术讨论会在成都召开

1987年5月11日至13日中国地震学会前兆专业委员会、地震地质专业委员会、地震学专业委员会震源力学组、国家地震局分析预报中心、四川省地震学会、四川省地震局、阿坝州和绵阳市地震学会在成都市联合召开了松潘、平武地震十周年地震预报学术讨论会.这是一次专家、学者云集,专群结合共同研讨地震预报问题的重要会议,有来自全国各地的地震系统、有关科研和业务部门及地方各级领导部门的代表约200人参加.陈运泰、梅世蓉、马宗晋分别就“关于震源力学研究中的问题”、“唐山、松潘地震的     

Ecological Chemistry in New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union

An overview is presented on the research in Ecological Chemistry performed recently in the NIS countries in various research areas, including: ecological chemistry of water, air, soil, waste management and cleaner production, and chemical risk management. General links of Ecological Chemistry to other scientific areas are shown. The main environmental problems and anthropogenic impacts are mentioned, among them those which are specific for the NIS countries, and recent results, both of theoretical and practical significance, which were obtained by various research teams of the NIS countries are presented.     

国外断层土壤气的研究及其在地震预测中的应用

断层土壤气的研究与应用已得到世界各国的广泛关注,但由于采样深度较浅,胺环境条件特别是气象因素的影响较明显。文章就国外断层土壤气测量的影响因素的一些研究结果作了介绍,并提供了国外获得的一些断层土壤气前兆震例。     

Water resources and food program

Data on the volumes of renewable water resources and the specific dependable water supply are given for countries with the least water resources available. Data on the current volumes of water resources withdrawal, irrigated land area, and the population size in largest world countries are given. Measures taken by various countries with the aim to enhance water resources availability for agriculture are described. The further increase in the area of arable and irrigated lands, with the current technologies still in use in the agriculture, is shown to be inadmissible. The role of reclamation in the ensuring of food safety in Russia is demonstrated.     

Urbanization: Processes and driving forces

Urbanization is becoming the most important human social change in the world, especially in developing countries.However, what is the process of urbanization? What forces are driving the urbanization process? This paper summarizes five main processes of urbanization through various aspects of urbanization in different countries, including economic growth and development, demographic change, social transformation, reshaped and stretched urban spaces, and shrinking cities. Based on the comprehensive method of analyzing urbanization, this paper sorts out five driving forces of urbanization, which are industrialization, modernization, globalization, marketization and administrative/institutional power. The author tries to contribute to the healthy development of urbanization in developing countries through the analysis of process and driving force in urbanization.     

Operational applications of remote sensing in hydrology: success,prospects and problems

Abstract

The use of remote sensing information in operational hydrology is relatively limited, but specific examples can be cited for determining precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater, snow, surface water and basin characteristics. The application of remote sensing in hydrology can be termed operational if at least one of two conditions are met: (a) the application produces an output on a regular basis, or (b) the remote sensing data are used regularly on a continuing basis as part of a procedure to solve a problem or make decisions. When surveying the various operational applications, simple approaches and simple remote sensing data sets are the most successful. In the data-sparse developing countries, many operational remote sensing approaches exist (out of necessity) that may not be needed in developed countries because of existing data networks. To increase the use of remote sensing in operational hydrology in developed countries, pilot projects need to be increased and information services must be improved. Increased utilization of GIS to combine remote sensing with other information will promote new products and applications. End user training must be improved by focusing on satellite data processing and manipulation. In developing countries the same improvements are needed plus some more basic ones. There is a need for international monetary assistance to establish long-term remote sensing data, improved database systems and image processing capabilities. There is also the need to set up innovative regional training centres throughout the developing world.     

开发信息新价值及其新领域—记第47届国际文献与信息联合会大会

第４７届国际文献与信息联合会大会于１９９４年１０月２－９日在日本大宫市召开，来自世界各国的代表４００余人参加了会议。本文从五个方面反映了这次大会的概况。     

希腊VAN地震预报方法的进展与争论(I)——进展

该文综合希腊ＶＡＮ小组成员及各国专家发表的有关论文,全面介绍了ＶＡＮ小组自８０年代初以来所进行的地电地震预报方法的探索和效果,包括观测技术、预报程序、地震三要素的估计、预报及对应情况,国际上的评价及争论等。全文包括两部分,即进展和国际评价与争论,本文是其中的第一部分。     

中外抗震规范设计反应谱的规定及研究建议

抗震设计规范中的场地设计反应谱是一般工程抗震设计的依据,各国的抗震设计规范对场地设计反应谱的规定不尽相同。主要表现在反应谱的形状和谱参数的差异。本文收集了若干国家的抗震设计规范;在总结各国抗震设计规范中关于场地设计反应谱规定的基础上,对中国、美国、日本、欧洲、土耳其和智利等有代表性的国家和地区的抗震设计规范进行分析和对比研究;总结了我国抗震设计规范场地设计反应谱的演化历史和发展过程;提出了进一步开展这一领域研究工作的若干建议,本文的工作对从事场地设计反应谱研究的科技人员有重要的参考价值。     

世界早期历史地震史料的比较研究(待续)

通过对各国地震最早记载及其背景性证据的分析;用时间差分序列的双对数法,进行了地震记载资料丰富程度的探讨;研究了3700年前的全球地震活跃期;给出了公元前2221年至公元1900年105个国家(地区)的资料。     

Analysis of Stock Market Development and CO2 Emissions on OECD Countries via an Empirical Model

Accompanying economic growth, CO₂ emissions have polluted the natural environment worldwide. This study highlights the special problems with stock market development and CO₂ emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1971–2007 to trace the trend of CO₂ emissions while countries grow their economies. A panel‐data model is applied to analyze the relationships between stock market (SM) development, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO₂ emissions in 25 OECD countries. Low‐GDP countries show different results from high‐GDP countries in the trends of SM development and CO₂ emissions, and dynamic effects occur in SM development and CO₂ emissions under various GDP conditions. There is a negative relationship between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries enjoy high economic growth, which means that these countries avoid CO₂ emissions through SM development. However, a positive relationship is found between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries experience low economic growth, which means that SM development does not show the boycott‐effect relationship with CO₂ emissions when countries experience low levels of economic development. This study shows a correlation between SM development and CO₂ emissions among OECD countries.