造山带隆起剥蚀过程与沉积记录

大别山造山带是中生代碰撞造山作用的产物,其隆起过程中形成了合肥盆地。本文对合肥盆地侏罗系碎屑岩进行了成分分析,发现砾岩中有两类榴辉岩,一类为高压变质榴辉岩,另一类为超高压变质榴辉岩。对砂岩中碎屑白云母的成分分析表明,指示高压变质作用的多硅白云母在较低层位已大量出现。重建的碎屑物注入顺序为:非超高压变质岩—高压变质岩—超高压变质岩。结合变质岩石学研究和地球物理观测资料重建的大别山造山带内部结构,可进一步重建大别山的剥蚀历史:大别山造山带最先(三尖铺组沉积初期)受到剥蚀的是非超高压变质的片岩、片麻岩及大理岩,高压变质岩折返到地表受到剥蚀不晚于中侏罗世初期(三尖铺组沉积早期),而超高压变质岩折返到地表经受剥蚀的时间稍早于中侏罗世中期(凤凰台组沉积初期)。天山是典型的陆内造山带,其隆起是新生代以来印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的一种远程效应。本文对天山发育的花岗岩磷灰石裂变径迹分析,并对南侧的塔里木盆地北部古近系及新近系沉积岩进行了碎屑岩物源分析,在新的磁性地层学格架中讨论了天山的隆起剥蚀历史。砾石组分的突然变化发生在75~35 Ma,26~17 Ma和12~8 Ma间,从中天山物源区逐渐变为南天山物源区,12 Ma后变为以南天山为主要物源区。砂岩及重矿物组分变化表明,物源在124 Ma、26(~24)Ma及15(~12)Ma时发生过变化。磷灰石裂变径迹则进一步揭示了天山的3阶段差异性隆起历史:天山的早期隆起发生在124~80 Ma间,从中天山和南天山的交界处开始并向南扩展;第二次隆起发生在大约100~60 Ma间,从中天山开始向南扩展;第三次隆起从大约50 Ma开始,并向北南两侧扩展,至大约30 Ma时扩展到北天山,约20 Ma时扩展至南天山;其后,南天山在15(~12)Ma时发生了独立的隆起事件。本文的两个研究实例表明,盆地的充填符合计算机数据结构的堆栈过程,但造山带的隆起剥蚀却会出现明显的差异性。不能简单地说造山带的剥蚀和盆地的充填具镜像对称关系,这有可能导致错误的认识,一定要具体事例具体分析。     

Thermal Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone on the Eastern Margin of the Dabie Mountains and Its Tectonic Implications

Five samples of muscovite from mylonites of the earlier Tanlu ductile shear zone on the eastern margin of the Dabie Mountains yield 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 178 Ma to 196 Ma. Three of them have reliable plateau ages of 188.7±0.7 Ma, 189.7±0.6 Ma and 192.5±0.7 Ma respectively, which indicates a syn-orogenic, sinistral strike-slip thermal event. This displacement movement derived from the continent-continent collision of the North and South China blocks took place in the Early Jurassic and after uplifting of high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure slabs to the mid-crust. It is suggested that during the collision the Tanlu fault zone was an intracontinental transform fault caused by differential subduction speeds. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of mylonite whole-rock and muscovite from the later Tanlu ductile shear zone suggest another sinistral strike-slip cooling event at 128 Ma. During this strike-slip faulting, large-scale intrusion and doming uplift occurred in the eastern part of the Dabie orogenic belt. Data o     

Crustal response to continental collisions between the Tibet, Indian, South China and North China Blocks: geochronological constraints from the Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt, western China

We report SHRIMP U–Th–Pb monazite, conventional U–Pb titanite, Sm–Nd garnet and Rb–Sr muscovite and biotite ages for metamorphic rocks from the Danba Domal Metamorphic Terrane in the eastern Songpan‐Garzê Orogenic Belt (eastern Tibet Plateau). These ages are used to determine the timing of polyphase metamorphic events and the subsequent cooling history. The oldest U–Th–Pb monazite and Sm–Nd garnet ages constrain an early Barrovian metamorphism (M1) in the interval c. 204–190 Ma, coincident with extensive Indosinian granitic magmatism throughout the Songpan‐Garzê Orogenic Belt. A second, higher‐grade sillimanite‐grade metamorphic event (M2), recorded only in the northern part of the Danba terrane, was dated at c. 168–158 Ma by a combination of U–Th–Pb monazite and titanite and Sm–Nd garnet ages. It is suggested that M1 was a thermal event that affected the entire orogenic belt while M2 may represent a local thermal perturbation. Rb–Sr muscovite ages range from c. 138–100 Ma, whereas Rb–Sr biotite ages cluster at c. 34–24 Ma. These ages document regional cooling at rates of c. 2–3 °C Myr^?1 following the M1 peak for most of the terrane. However, those parts of the terrane affected by the higher‐temperature M2 event (e.g. the migmatite zone) experienced initially more rapid (c. 8 °C Myr^?1) cooling after peak M2 before joining the regional slow cooling path defined by the rest of the terrane at c. 138 Ma. Regional slow cooling between c. 138 and c. 30 Ma is thought to be the result of post‐tectonic isostatic uplift after extensive crustal thickening caused by collision of the South and North China Blocks. The clustering of biotite Rb–Sr ages marks the onset of rapid uplift across the entire terrane commencing at c. 30–20 Ma. This cooling history is shared with many other regions of the Tibet Plateau, suggesting that uplift of the Tibet Plateau (including the Songpan‐Garzê Orogenic Belt) occurred predominantly in the last c. 30 Myr as a response to the continuing northwards collision of India with Eurasia.     

Gold and silver metallogeny of the South China Fold Belt: a consequence of multiple mineralizing events?

The South China Fold Belt is part of the South China Block that is interpreted to be the result of multiple tectonic and magmatic events that formed a collage of accreted Proterozoic and Phanerozoic terranes. The Jurassic to early Cretaceous Yanshanian period (180–90 Ma), a time of major tectono-thermal events that affected much of eastern and southeastern China, is of great metallogenic importance in the fold belt. This period is linked to subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent, and is manifested by voluminous volcano-plutonic activity of predominantly calc-alkaline affinity.The distribution of gold and silver deposits in the South China Fold Belt indicates the presence of two distinct metallogenic provinces. A region of basement uplifts, which are controlled by shear zones and form Neoproterozoic inliers of metamorphosed iron-rich rock types, defines the first province. In this province, orogenic lodes and volcanic-related epithermal deposits represent the more significant precious-metal mineralization. The second province is essentially confined to a belt of Yanshanian felsic–intermediate volcanic and subvolcanic rocks that extends along most of the southeastern China coast in an area known as the Coastal Volcanic Belt. Deposits in the Coastal Volcanic Belt are silver- and/or copper-rich, volcanic-hosted and epithermal in character.The precious-metal metallogeny of the South China Fold Belt is interpreted to have developed in at least three stages: one as a result of collision events, during the Caledonian Orogeny (ca. 400 Ma), the second during the Indosinian Orogeny (ca. 200 Ma) and the third during or soon after the formation of the Yanshanian magmatic belt (Yanshanian Orogeny; 180–90 Ma). The latter was responsible for a hydrothermal event that affected large sections of the belt and its Proterozoic substrate. This may have resulted in the redistribution and enrichment of precious metals from preexisting orogenic gold lodes in Neoproterozoic basement rocks, which are now exposed as windows in zones of tectonic uplift. The Yanshanian hydrothermal activity was particularly widespread in the Coastal Volcanic Belt and resulted in the formation of both low- and high-sulfidation epithermal gold and silver, and locally copper and other base-metal mineralization. It is suggested that the Coastal Volcanic Belt has greater potential for world-class epithermal and porphyry deposits than previously realised.     

西藏孔隆—达果地区古近纪火山—沉积盆地时空演化

对冈底斯带的研究历来聚焦于岩浆弧,对弧间盆地的较少关注导致火山—沉积序列缺乏精细化研究。冈底斯带古近纪地层划分方案是基于并沿用东段林周、南木林地区的层序格架,即林子宗群与日贡拉组垂向叠置不整合接触,在带上其他地区适用时常产生矛盾,制约了基础地质及资源评价工作。通过系统实测孔隆—达果地区古近纪地层剖面,选取剖面中火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,以详实的同位素年代学数据搭建精细年代地层格架,以沉积学、地层学研究分析充填演化过程,恢复火山—沉积盆地古地理。结果显示冈底斯造山隆升剥蚀并被扇沉积体系记录的过程,从晚白垩世早期断续持续至古近纪;以火山岩和/或以沉积岩为主的盆地,发育时限均下延至约70 Ma,暗示岩浆作用与隆升剥蚀对雅鲁藏布洋俯冲的响应几乎同时启动;火山—沉积盆地发育贯穿了整个增生造弧事件,以印亚大陆初始碰撞后的沉积间断为界,分为70~56 Ma和56~40 Ma两期,火山岩与沉积岩同时发育,以时空上的负消长关系占主导地位,表现为剖面上交互或夹层,并受喷发中心、沉积中心的横向迁移约束,产生了地层发育时限的空间变化;受晚白垩世末—古近纪雅鲁藏布洋北向俯冲及印亚大陆碰撞过程影响,持续的造山隆升及岩浆活动的周期性强弱变化约束了盆地发育样式,火山—沉积序列在区域上延展不稳定,垂向序列产生多样性。因此,本文提出层型剖面上火山岩与碎屑岩垂向叠置序列关系不能普适地代表整个冈底斯带,同期火山岩与沉积岩存在空间上快速相变过渡,应使用更为精细年代格架下的空间展布关系,指导冈底斯带弧间盆地地层划分,探讨印亚大陆碰撞的火山—沉积响应过程。     

北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起晚中生代构造隆升历史

对采自于北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起8个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析和热历史模拟表明,凤凰山基底隆起陆内造山运动结束后的隆升历史大致可以划分为2个阶段：早白垩世中晚期（135±5～95±5 Ma）缓慢隆升,晚白垩世（95±5～65±5 Ma）快速隆升。大巴山北缘韧性剪切带黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄证实大巴山北缘中晚侏罗世（165.7±1.9 Ma～161.2 Ma）存在快速隆升剥蚀,其与大巴山强烈陆内造山作用阶段有关; 早白垩世中晚期缓慢隆升代表了陆内造山结束后的稳定阶段; 晚白垩世快速隆升为一次区域性隆升事件,在秦岭、大别和武当等地区均有反映,隆升过程中伴随着强烈的伸展垮塌作用,沿秦岭造山带发育一系列伸展断陷盆地。区域对比分析表明,凤凰山基底隆起隆升历史与黄陵、汉南地块接近,但与武当地块存在明显区别,反映了秦岭造山带的不均一隆升过程。南大巴山前陆带1个样品的热史模拟结果显示,南大巴山前陆带自早白垩世以来与凤凰山基底隆起经历了一致的隆升过程。     

Fission track data from the Bathurst Batholith: Evidence for rapid mid‐Cretaceous uplift and erosion within the eastern highlands of Australia

Apatite fission track thermochronology reveals that uplift and erosion occurred during the mid‐Cretaceous within the Bathurst Batholith region of the eastern highlands, New South Wales. Apatite fission track ages from samples from the eastern flank of the highlands range between ca 73 and 139 Ma. The mean lengths of confined fission tracks for these samples are > 13 μm with standard deviations of the track length distributions between 1 and 2 μm. These data suggest that rocks exposed along the eastern flank of the highlands were nearly reset as the result of being subjected to palaeotemperatures in the range of approximately 100–110°C, prior to being cooled relatively quickly through to temperatures < 50°C in the mid‐Cretaceous at ca 90 Ma. In contrast, samples from the western flank of the highlands yield apparent apatite ages as old as 235 Ma and mean track lengths < 12.5 μm, with standard deviations between 1.8 and 3 μm. These old apatite ages and relatively short track lengths suggest that the rocks were exposed to maximum palaeotemperatures between approximately 80° and 100°C prior to the regional cooling episode. This cooling is interpreted to be the result of kilometre‐scale uplift and erosion of the eastern highlands in the mid‐Cretaceous, and the similarity in timing of uplift and erosion within the highlands and initial extension along the eastern Australian passive margin prior to breakup (ca 95 Ma) strongly suggests these two occurrences are related.     

Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Intrusions Distribution in the North Sanjiang Orogenic Belt, Southwest China: Evidence from Zircon U–Pb Dating and Geochemistry

A mosaic of terranes or blocks and associated Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sutures are characteristics of the north Sanjiang orogenic belt (NSOB). A detailed field study and sampling across the three magmatic belts in north Sanjiang orogenic belt, which are the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, the Yidun magmatic belt and the Northeast Lhasa magmatic belt, yield abundant data that demonstrate multiphase magmatism took place during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. 9 new zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages and 160 published geochronological data have identified five continuous episodes of magma activities in the NSOB from the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic: the Late Permian to Early Triassic (c. 261–230 Ma); the Middle to Late Triassic (c. 229–210 Ma); the Early to Middle Jurassic (c. 206–165 Ma); the Early Cretaceous (c. 138–110 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (c. 103–75 Ma). 105 new and 830 published geochemical data reveal that the intrusive rocks in different episodes have distinct geochemical compositions. The Late Permian to Early Triassic intrusive rocks are all distributed in the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, showing arc–like characteristics; the Middle to Late Triassic intrusive rocks widely distributed in both Jomda–Weixi and Yidun magmatic belts, also demonstrating volcanic–arc granite features; the Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks are mostly exposed in the easternmost Yidun magmatic belt and scattered in the westernmost Yangtza Block along the Garzê–Litang suture, showing the properties of syn–collisional granite; nearly all the Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks distributed in the NE Lhasa magmatic belt along Bangong suture, exhibiting both arc–like and syn–collision–like characteristics; and the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks mainly exposed in the westernmost Yidun magmatic belt, with A–type granite features. These suggest that the co–collision related magmatism in Indosinian period developed in the central and eastern parts of NSOB while the Yanshan period co–collision related magmatism mainly occurred in the west area. In detail, the earliest magmatism developed in late Permian to Triassic and formed the Jomda–Wei magmatic belt, then magmatic activity migrated eastwards and westwards, forming the Yidun magmatic bellt, the magmatism weakend at the end of late Triassic, until the explosure of the magmatic activity occurred in early Cretaceous in the west NSOB, forming the NE Lhasa magmatic belt. Then the magmatism migrated eastwards and made an impact on the within–plate magmatism in Yidun magmatic belt in late Cretaceous.     

Iranian ultrapotassic volcanism at ~11 Ma signifies the initiation of post‐collisional magmatism in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone

Ultrapotassic rocks are a common, but volumetrically minor, hallmark of post‐collisional magmatism along the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt. Here, we document the occurrence of ultrapotassic volcanic rocks from the Eslamy peninsula, NW Iran in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Our results indicate that magma genesis involved melting of phlogopite‐ and apatite‐bearing peridotites in the sub‐continental lithospheric mantle at ~11 Ma. These peridotites likely formed by metasomatism involving components derived from subducted sediments during Neotethyan subduction. The ~11 Ma ultrapotassic volcanism was preceded by a magmatic gap of ~11 Ma after the cessation of arc magmatism in NW Iran and Armenia, thus likely representing the initiation of post‐collisional magmatism. The age coincides with the onset of collision‐related magmatic activity and topographic uplift in the Caucasus–Iran–Anatolia region, and also with other regional geological events including the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway, the end of Arabian underthrusting and the start of escape tectonics in Anatolia.     

SHRIMP Geochronology of Volcanics of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, Northern Hebei Province, with a Discussion on the Age of the Xing＇anling Group of the Great Hinggan Mountains and Volcanic Strata of the Southeastern Coastal Area

A zircon U-Pb geochronological study on the volcanic rocks reveals that both of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, northern Hebei Province, are of the Early Cretaceous, with ages of 135-130 Ma and 129-120 Ma, respectively. It is pointed out that the ages of sedimentary basins and volcanism in the northern Hebei -western Liaoning area become younger from west to east, i. e. the volcanism of the Luanping Basin commenced at c. 135 Ma, the Luotuo Mount area of the Chengde Basin c. 130 Ma, and western Liaoning c. 128 Ma. With a correlation of geochronological stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, we deduce that the Xing‘anling Group, which comprises the Great Hinggan Mountains volcanic rock belt in eastern China, is predominantly of the early-middle Early Cretaceous, while the Jiande and Shimaoshan Groups and their equivalents, which form the volcanic rock belt in the southeastern coast area of China, are of the mid-late Early Cretaceous, and both the Jehol and Jiande Biotas are of the Early Cretaceous, not Late Jurassic or Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Combining the characteristics of the volcanic rocks and, in a large area, hiatus in the strata of the Late Jurassic or Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous between the formations mentioned above and the underlying sequences, we can make the conclusion that, in the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous, the eastern China region was of high relief or plateau, where widespread post-orogenic volcanic series of the Early Cretaceous obviously became younger from inland in the west to continental margin in the east. This is not the result of an oceanward accretion of the subduction belt between the Paleo-Pacific ocean plate and the Asian continent, but rather reflects the extension feature, i.e. after the closure of the Paleo-Pacific ocean, the Paleo-Pacific ancient continent collided with the Asian continent and reached the peak of orogenesis, and then the compression waned and resulted in the retreating of the post-orogenic extension from outer orogenic zone to inner part (or collision zone). The determination of the eruption age of the volcanics of the Zhangjiakou Formation definitely constrains the switch period, which began in the Indosinian and finished in the Yanshanian, that is, 140-135 Ma. The switch is concretely the change from the approximate E-W Paleo-Asian tectonic system to the NE to NNE Pacific system, and the period is also the apex of a continent-continent collision and orogenesis of subduction, being consumed and eventually disappearing of the Paleo-Pacific ancient continent, and all the processes commenced in the Indosinian. While the following post-orogenic large-scale eruption in the Early Cretaceous marks the final completeness of the Paleo-Pacific structure dynamics system.     

Relationship between the TanLu Fault and Dabie Orogenic Belt in Eastern China

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南秦岭东河群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其板块构造意义

南秦岭微陆块是秦岭造山带的重要构造单元,其早白垩世沉积物是研究物源区及南秦岭微陆块构造演化的理想对象.南秦岭微陆块南缘观音坝盆地早白垩世砂砾岩中的碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄给出了5个年龄峰,范围分别是2600～2300Ma、2050～1800Ma、1200～750Ma、650～400Ma和350～200Ma,对应于Kenor、Columbia、Rodinia、Gondwana和Pangaea等5次超大陆事件.碎屑锆石源区复杂,但主要源自华北克拉通和北秦岭增生带,表明晚古生代南秦岭微陆块是秦岭-华北联合大陆板块的一部分,而非独立的微陆块.最年轻的锆石年龄峰给出了勉略洋向秦岭-华北大陆俯冲的时限,即350～ 200Ma;扬子与秦岭-华北联合大陆板块的碰撞造山作用始于三叠纪-侏罗纪之交,强烈的挤压造山作用发生在侏罗纪,而非三叠纪或更早.     

华北燕山造山带结构要素组合

采用造山带结构要素组合的概念,对华北燕山造山带进行了研究。燕山造山带各演化阶段的结构要素组合特征如下：前造山和初始造山幕(J1),早侏罗世早期为前造山伸展构造,结构要素组合有：三又式裂谷带、板内型玄武岩、含煤建造;早侏罗世晚期为初始造山收缩构造,结构要素组合有：向北倾伏的褶曲与逆冲、九龙山组类磨拉石建造,硬绿泥石一十字石一蓝晶石为标志的低温、中一高压变质带。早期造山幕(J2),中侏罗世早期为同造山伸展构造,结构要素组合有：岩石圈上隆伸展有关的火山盆地及可能的同期侵入岩,火山岩线型分布;中侏罗世晚期为收缩构造,有关的结构要素组合为：逆冲推覆和褶曲变形、磨拉石建造、同构造侵入体和角闪岩相变质岩。峰期造山幕(J3),晚侏罗世早期同构造伸展构造,结构要素组合有：岩石圈上隆伸展有关的火山盆地与同期侵入岩,火山岩面型分布,火成岩组合中出现高压粗面岩类,较大量的流纹岩;晚侏罗世晚期收缩构造有关结构要素组合为：逆冲推覆和褶曲变形、磨拉石建造、同构造侵入体和角闪岩相变质岩,侵入岩中出现高压正长岩类。早白垩世早期(K1^1)晚造山幕有关的结构要素组合为：收缩变形分布较局限,湖相沉积建造替代磨拉石建造,侵入岩组合中出现过碱性石英正长岩,大晶洞构造的花岗岩及科马提质辉长岩等。早白垩世晚期(K1^2)后造山幕伸展有关的结构要素组合为：正断层、变质核杂岩、双峰式岩墙辟、典型的过碱性花岗岩和含煤建造。     

Chronology of Sanbagawa metamorphism

By collating age data based on the fossil age of the protoliths, radiometric dating of the metamorphic minerals, and sedimentary records of erosion at the earth's surface, the history of the Sanbagawa metamorphism can be summarized as follows. (1) The pre-metamorphic sedimentary rocks (Carboniferous-Jurassic + Early Cretaceous?) became mixed and formed a thickened packet in the vicinity of an ancient trench through a variety of subduction-related tectono-sedimentary processes, probably in Early Cretaceous time (c., 130-120 Ma). (2) The subducted protoliths underwent progressive metamorphism reaching a maximum depth of c. 30 km in late Early Cretaceous time (c. 116 ± 10 Ma). (3) The high-P/T metamorphic rocks began to rise toward the surface (during the interval 110-50 Ma) with minimum estimates for the average cooling rate around 9-12°C/Ma and an average uplift rate around 0.4-0.5 mm/year. (4) Finally, at some stage after reaching the erosional surface, the high-P/T metamorphic rocks were covered unconformably by the middle Eocene (c. 50-42 Ma) Kuma Group. On the basis of the present chronological summary of the Sanbagawa metamorphism, the areal extent of the Sanbagawa metamorphism is also discussed with respect to the weakly metamorphosed subduction-accretion complex of the next tectonic belt to the south, the Northern Chichibu belt.     

Multistage metamorphism of the Huangtuling granulite, Northern Dabie Orogen, eastern China: implications for the tectonometamorphic evolution of subducted lower continental crust

Granulites from Huangtuling in the North Dabie metamorphic core complex in eastern China preserve rare mineralogical and mineral chemical evidence for multistage metamorphism related to Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic processes, Triassic continental subduction‐collision and Cretaceous collapse of the Dabie Orogen. Six stages of metamorphism are resolved, based on detailed mineralogical and petrological studies: (I) amphibolite facies (6.3–7.0 kbar, 520–550 °C); (II) high‐pressure/high‐temperature granulite facies (12–15.5 kbar, 920–980 °C); (III) cooling and decompression (4.8–6.0 kbar, 630–700 °C); (IV) medium‐pressure granulite facies (7.7–9.0 kbar, 690–790 °C); (V) low‐pressure/high‐temperature granulite facies (4.0–4.7 kbar, 860–920 °C); (VI) retrograde greenschist facies overprint (1–2 kbar, 340–370 °C). The P–T history derived in this study and existing geochronological data indicate that the Huangtuling granulite records two cycles of orogenic crustal thickening events. The earlier three stages of metamorphism define a clockwise P–T path, implying crustal thickening and thinning events, possibly related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent at c. 2000 Ma. Stage IV metamorphism indicates another crustal thickening event, which is attributed to Triassic subduction/collision between the Yangtze and Sino‐Korean Cratons. The dry lower crustal granulite persisted metastably during the Triassic subduction/collision because of the lack of hydrous fluid and deformation. Stage V metamorphism records the Cretaceous collapse of the Dabie Orogen, possibly due to asthenosphere upwelling or removal of the lithospheric mantle resulting in heating of the granulite and partial melting of the North Dabie metamorphic core complex. Comparison of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabie and the high‐pressure–ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks in South Dabie indicates that the subducted upper (South Dabie) and lower (North Dabie) continental crusts underwent contrasting tectonometamorphic evolution during continental subduction‐collision and orogenic collapse.     

定量恢复大别造山带侏罗-白垩纪的隆升和剥蚀

以造山带为物源区的周缘盆地中的沉积物记录着物源区的成分特征,保存着造山带的演化历史.根据地层资料,利用质量平衡方法得到大别造山带周缘的合肥盆地、江汉盆地、安庆-潜山盆地和信阳盆地在侏罗-白垩纪的沉积总量为1.685×105km3.大别造山带周缘盆地的平均沉积速率分别为早侏罗世0.407×106 m3/a,中晚侏罗世0....     

西藏冈底斯新生代以来的抬升过程——磷灰石裂变径迹热史模拟的证据

西藏冈底斯南缘中酸性侵入岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄在37~25Ma之间,热史模拟过程反映冈底斯经历了3个阶段的抬升演化。40~26Ma的快速冷却抬升阶段:受控于印度-欧亚大陆完全碰撞拼合的影响,并在37~26Ma抬升至现今海拔高度;26~8Ma的剥蚀阶段:受夷平和大型逆冲推覆活动的影响,出现剥蚀和抬升交替过程;8~0Ma的缓慢冷却阶段:受南北向裂谷作用影响,出现内部差异抬升。此外,北部墨竹工卡地区和南部泽当、桑耶地区,西部桑耶地区和东部泽当地区,均具有相似的抬升过程和历史,没有明显差异,暗示冈底斯经历了整体性、较均一的阶段性抬升过程。     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in the Micangshan Foreland,South China

Lying at the junction of the Dabashan, Longmenshan and Qinling mountains, the Micangshan Orogenic Belt coupled with a basin is a duplex structure and back-thrust triangular belt with little horizontal displacement, small thrust faults and continuous sedimentary cover. On the basis of 3D seismic data, and through sedimentary and structural research, the Micangshan foreland can be divided into five subbelts, which from north to south are: basement thrust, frontal thrust, foreland depression-back-thrust triangle, foreland fold belt or anticline belt, and the Tongjiang Depression. Along the direction of strike from west to east, the arcuate structural belt of Micangshan can be divided into west, middle and east segments. During the collision between the Qinling and Yangtze plates, the Micangshan Orogenic Belt was subjected to the interaction of three rigid terranes: Bikou, Foping, and Fenghuangshan (a.k.a. Ziyang) terranes. The collision processes of rigid terranes controlled the structural development of the Micangshan foreland, which are: (a) the former collision between the Micangshan-Hannan and Bikou terranes forming the earlier rudiments of the structure; and (b) the later collision forming the main body of the structural belt. The formation processes of the Micangshan Orogenic Belt can be divided into four stages: (1) in the early stage of the Indosinian movement, the Micangshan-Hannan Rigid Terrane was jointed to the Qinling Plate by the clockwise subduction of the Yangtze Plate toward the Qinling Plate; (2) since the late Triassic, the earlier rudiments of the Tongnanba and Jiulongshan anticlines and corresponding syncline were formed by compression from different directions of the Bikou, Foping and Micangshan-Hannan terranes; (3) in the early stage of the Himalayan movement, the Micangshan-Hannan Terrane formed the Micangshan Nappe torwards the foreland basin and the compression stresses were mainly concentrated along both its flanks, whereas the Micangshan-Hannan Terrane wedged into the Qinling Orogenic Belt with force; (4) in the late stage of the Himalayan movement, the main collision of the Qinling Plate made the old basement rocks of the terrane uplift quickly, to form the Micangshan Orogenic Belt. The Micangshan foreland arcuate structure was formed due to the non-homogeneity of terrane movement.     

内蒙古乌兰盖盆地中生代火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

笔者对大兴安岭西部乌兰盖盆地南、北缘出露的中生代火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、激光全熔⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar测年及地球化学研究,探讨了中生代火山岩成因与地质意义。乌兰盖盆地南、北缘的中生代火山岩主要为中性岩(安山岩)与酸性岩(流纹岩)类,各类岩石总体激光全熔⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年结果为(151.8±1.5)~(120.2±1.8) Ma,说明其形成时代总体为晚侏罗世晚期至早白垩世;岩石总体为一套钙碱性系列到高钾钙碱性系列的中性至酸性岩石组合,各类岩石地球化学特征与壳源岩石的地球化学特征基本一致,表明它们应来自于地壳物质局部熔融形成的壳源岩浆系列。该套火山岩形成于蒙古鄂霍茨克洋(古太平洋)闭合碰撞造山构造背景,在早白垩世151.8 Ma左右区内曾发生地壳加厚的造山过程,其岩浆深部动力学背景与岩浆源区的性质主要归因于增厚的造山带下地壳发生的部分熔融作用。     

龙门山前陆盆地晚三叠世沉积通量与造山带的隆升和剥蚀

根据钻井资料、地层剖面资料,利用Surfer8.0软件编制出晚三叠世前陆盆地各组段的残留地层等厚图,得出各组段残留地层的沉积总量,并计算出各阶段沉积通量:21.4 t/(m2·Ma)、184.2 t/(m2·Ma)、278.0 t/(m2·Ma)、147.6 t/(m2·Ma)、703.5 t/(m2·Ma)、272.0 t/(m2·Ma)。然后,利用物质平衡法将沉积物回剥至龙门山造山带并进行脱压校正,计算出晚三叠世龙门山造山带剥蚀总厚度为2 514 m,各阶段造山带剥蚀速率分别为:0.009 mm/a、0.114 mm/a、0.133 mm/a、0.094 mm/a、0.423 mm/a和0.133 mm/a。最终,重塑了龙门山造山带晚三叠世的隆升历史:在距今228.0~199.6 Ma的时间内龙门山造山带地壳隆升了约4.3~4.6 km,地表隆升了1.8~2.1 km;并且隆升过程具有明显的阶段性,可划分为初始隆升(228.0~216.5 Ma)、加速隆升(216.5~211.0 Ma)、缓慢隆升(211.0~203.6 Ma)、急剧隆升(203.6~202.7 Ma)和缓慢隆升(202.7~199.6 Ma)五个阶段。