距今30ka前后我国西北沙漠地区古环境

本文根据实地野外观测和前人的研究,对我国西北干旱地区约30kaB.P.时的环境特征进行了综合分析.选用的古环境指标主要来源于风成沉积、湖泊沉积及河流沉积,年代主要依靠14C测年.依据巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘上的钙质胶结层、植物残体、塔克拉玛干沙漠河流沉积以及巴丹吉林沙漠腹地及其西北缘的高湖面,认为在30kaB.P.前后,我国西北干旱地区雨量较高,气候较湿润.柴达木盆地、腾格里沙漠西部、古尔班通古特沙漠西部及内蒙古地区湖泊同期的高湖面也支持这一观点.     

阿拉善沙漠全新世钙质根管形成机制及其古环境指示意义:来自微观形态学证据

阿拉善沙漠腹地广泛分布着全新世时期的钙质根管。虽然已有研究将其应用于古环境重建工作,但对其形成机制尚缺乏明确认识并且存在较大的分歧,这些分歧限制了其在古环境重建中的应用,同时对钙质根管是否具有明确的古环境指示意义提出了需要进一步深入探讨的问题。对阿拉善沙漠32组全新世钙质根管进行了扫描电镜分析,观察了钙质根管中是否具有方解石结晶垫和钙化细丝等明确生物成因的微观结构。研究结果显示:全部32组样品中均发现了方解石结晶垫结构或钙化细丝结构,其中20组样品发现了方解石结晶垫结构;19组样品发现了钙化细丝结构。证实了植物根系和根围微生物活动参与了该地区钙质根管的形成。阿拉善沙漠钙质根管的形成主要是由于土壤水分的季节性亏损,在蒸发作用的影响下,土壤中的次生碳酸盐在植物根系周围形成了管状的沉积,而非由地下水重结晶作用形成的。由于阿拉善沙漠钙质根管在形成过程中,不仅受到了土壤含水量以及蒸发量的影响,还受到植物根系和微生物作用的影响。因此,钙质根管中记录了区域古环境和古植被信息,是沙漠腹地古环境重建良好的信息载体。可从钙质根管中提取古环境信息,重建沙漠腹地古气候以及古植被的变化。但是对沙漠腹地湖泊周围的丘间洼地和局地滞水环境下形成的钙质根管,更多的指示了一种局地土壤水分环境而非区域古气候环境。本研究为沙漠地区古气候变化提供了新的重建材料和证据,并拓展了干旱区古气候和古环境变化的研究领域。     

Climatic variations in MIS 11 recorded by stable isotopes and trace elements in a French tufa (La Celle,Seine Valley)

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 palaeoclimate has so far been documented in marine and ice sheet isotopic records. However, excepting some lacustrine pollen records, very little is known about palaeoclimatic conditions in continental areas. This study uses geochemical records in calcareous tufa deposits from rivers as a basis for reconstructing temperate palaeoclimatic conditions. Tufa deposits are now proven to record high‐quality palaeoclimatic information in recent to Holocene deposits. Work on older interglacial tufas is just starting and in this paper we present the first comprehensive results from a MIS 11 tufa. The tufa comes from the Seine Valley (La Celle, northern France). Geochemical data in the tufa calcite are interpreted to record primarily air temperature (δ¹⁸O) and humidity (δ¹³C and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca). The combined data identify a warm and wet climatic optimum followed by two temperature decreases associated with oscillations in humidity. These marked climatic variations recorded through the La Celle profile are strongly coherent with the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from malacological data. The abrupt climatic and environmental events recorded could be related to short‐term degradation of vegetation cover in Europe, which is itself controlled by global palaeoclimatic events. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘肃庄浪全新世黄土-古土壤序列元素分布特征及意义

通过对渭河上游XJN全新世剖面的Fe、Al、Si、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Ti和Sr元素含量的分析,发现这些元素的分布与气候密切相关。在剖面中表现为:迁移序列是Ca>Sr>Na>Mg,Fe、Al、Si、K和Ti则相对富集;Ca-Sr关系呈两段式分布,指示全新世早期的一次环境变化;Ki残积系数增大,Ca/Mg比值减小,指示化学风化作用增强。     

Geochemical characteristics of Holocene aeolian deposits and their environmental significance in the Mu Us Desert,northern China

This paper addresses the surface and Holocene aeolian deposits in the southeastern Mu Us Desert, N. China, systematically analysing the evolution of the geochemical characteristics of aeolian sand–palaeosol sequences and their environmental significance. Our results indicate that the geochemical components of the Holocene aeolian deposits and surface deposits had the similar material sources, sediment transport and deposition processes in the study region, which were dominated by SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Na₂O. In the weathering process of the Jinjie (JJ) profile, the Na, K, and Si presented the slight leaching and migration in general, while the other elements were relatively accumulated. The Holocene aeolian deposits and surface deposits incurred weaker geochemical weathering under cold and dry conditions and were only weakly leached, which implies a relatively arid environment in the Holocene epoch and the modern era. The weathering degree was controlled by the regional temperature and precipitation, and was probably more sensitive to the precipitation changes. In the sedimentary profile, the geochemical parameters and migration of elements demonstrated that there have been several alternating warm–wet and cold–dry intervals in the Mu Us Desert in the Holocene epoch; there were relatively warm and wet conditions prior to 4.6 ka, and it has been cold and dry since then. Six millennial‐scale dry events were recorded during the Holocene, which were not only accordant with the history of palaeoclimatic changes in the different latitudes and archives of the Northern Hemisphere, but also correspond to the millennial‐scale variation of cosmic radiation and solar activity during that period. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Climatic change recorded by stable isotopes and trace elements in a British Holocene tufa

Combined stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) and trace element (Mg, Sr) geochemistry from bulk tufa calcite and ostracod shell calcite from an early Holocene British tufa reveal clear records of Holocene palaeoclimatic change. Variation in δ¹⁸O is caused principally by change in the isotopic composition of Holocene rainfall (recharge), itself caused mainly by change in air temperature. The δ¹³C variability through much of the deposit reflects increasing influence of soil‐zone CO₂, owing to progressive woodland soil development. Bulk tufa Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are controlled by their concentrations in the spring water. Importantly, Mg/Ca ratios are not related to δ¹⁸O values and thus show no temperature dependence. First‐order sympathetic relationships between δ¹³C values and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are controlled by aquifer processes (residence times, CO₂ degassing and calcite dissolution/reprecipitation) and probably record intensity of palaeorainfall (recharge) effects. Stable isotope records from ostracod shells show evidence of vital effects relative to bulk tufa data. The ostracod isotopic records are markedly ‘spiky’ because the ostracods record ‘snapshots’ of relatively short duration (years), whereas the bulk tufa samples record averages of longer time periods, probably decades. The δ¹⁸O record appears to show early Holocene warming, a thermal maximum at ca. 8900 cal. yr BP and the global 8200 yr BP cold event. Combined δ¹³C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca data suggest that early Holocene warming was accompanied by decreasing rainfall intensity. The Mg/Ca data suggest that the 8200 yr BP cold event was also dry. Warmer and wetter conditions were re‐established after the 8200 yr BP cold event until the top of the preserved tufa sequence at ca. 7100 cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constraints on paleowater dissolved loads and on catchment weathering over the past 16 ka from Sr/Sr ratios and Ca/Mg/Sr chemistry of freshwater ostracode tests in sediments of Lake Constance, Central Europe

Sr isotope and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical compositions of freshwater ostracode tests separated from a sediment core represent the last 16 ka of sedimentation in Lake Constance, Central Europe. The chemical evolution of the paleowater's dissolved load of Lake Constance was estimated by correcting the ostracode data for Ca/Mg/Sr fractionation due to biogenic calcification. Since the Late Pleistocene deglaciation, the Ca/Sr molar ratios of paleowaters increased systematically from about 100 (a near marine signature) to about 200. Ca/Mg molar ratios varied in the range of 1–25. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios indicate Late Pleistocene paleowater compositions of 0.7086–0.7091, significantly more radiogenic than present day waters (0.7085). Sr isotopes and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical data together show that weathering of Mesozoic evaporites consistently dominated the dissolved Sr load (80–90%). Carbonate and silicate weathering were less important (1–10%). Trends of Sr dissolved loads were therefore not related to Mg which was mainly mobilized by carbonate weathering. Biotite weathering was an important source of radiogenic Sr in the paleowaters. The short-term release (duration about 600–800 years) of radiogenic Sr during glacier retreat started 15.2 ka ago and was due to enhanced biotite weathering at the glacier base. Long-term release of radiogenic Sr was due to biotite weathering in glacial soils and silicate rocks, and has gradually declined since the Late Pleistocene/Holocene transition.     

南海北部珊瑚Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca温度计及高分辨率SST记录重建尝试

利用全谱直读等离子体光谱(ICPAES)的分析方法精确分析了南海珊瑚的SrCa和MgCa比值,结合实测表层海水温度(SST),标定了海南岛南部三亚海域和西沙海域两个滨珊瑚的SrCa和MgCa温度计。在此基础上,尝试对两个南海北部全新世时期的珊瑚进行SST记录重建。结果显示约540aB.P.(小冰期)西沙海域夏季月均SST较现代低约1℃,而约6500aB.P.(大暖期)海南岛三亚海域夏季月均SST则高出现代1.0～1.5℃。     

阿拉善沙漠植物钙质根管:形态特征、分类及其环境指示意义

在系统总结前人对植物钙质根管定义及形成机制的基础上,采用形态学方法对阿拉善沙漠26组不同形态的植物钙质根管进行了分类,初步统一了我国植物钙质根管的定义及其分类;通过统计阿拉善沙漠不同类型植物钙质根管在全新世的数量分布,探讨了其分布特征可能蕴含的古环境意义。结果表明,植物钙质根管是陆生植物形成的次生碳酸盐结壳,包括钙质根套、绕根结核、根模具、根导管和根状结核五种类型。其中钙质根套和绕根结核的形成受到植物生长及其根围微生物活动的影响,而根模具、根导管和根状结核的形成则不受上述作用的影响。据此将阿拉善沙漠植物钙质根管分为钙质根套和绕根结核两种类型。这两类植物钙质根管在不同时期的相对数量百分比能够指示植物钙质根管形成时期有效湿度的高低,绕根结核数量百分比较高能够指示较高的有效湿度,而钙质根套数量百分比较高则指示了较低的有效湿度。因此,从植物钙质根管中能够提取丰富的古环境信号,并将其运用于沙漠地区的古环境研究中。     

黄土高原黄土物源区的同位素证据

系统采集了黄土高原马兰黄土、河西走廊和青藏高原东北部黄土、河床沙和湖泥样品。用酸淋洗去除方解石后,黄土高原马兰黄土εNd(0)值从-9.2到-11.3,87Sr/86Sr比值从0.71784到0.71944,都落在同位素B区内,与青藏高原东北部、巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠的值一致。黄土高原马兰黄土白云石的δ13C值从1.2‰到1.5‰,与青藏高原东北部和河西走廊黄土,巴丹吉林沙漠的白云石的值类似。这些表明青藏高原东北部、巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠可能是黄土高原黄土的源区,从而排除了其他沙漠(古尔班通古特沙漠、塔克拉玛干沙漠、毛乌素沙漠、库布齐沙漠、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地)作为黄土物源区的可能性。同位素研究结果和野外调查进一步揭示,黄土高原黄土、巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠物质可能最终都是来源于青藏高原东北部。     

广东三水盆地古近系心组生油层的元素地球化学特征

沉积物的元素地球化学特征是对沉积盆地水体环境以及古气候条件变化的响应。本文根据元素（Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、V、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Cd、Li、Mn、Pb、Ti）的含量及其比值（Al/Ti、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ba、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ni/V）的变化，对三水盆地古近系心组红岗段生油层的沉积条件进行了系统分析。心组红岗段下部（亚段A）表现为较稳定的地球化学特征。各元素丰度及其比值指示这一时期陆源输入持续较高、且物源组成变化不大。由于海水入侵的影响，湖盆水体盐度相对较高，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，O₂-H₂S界面位于水/沉积物界面附近。红岗段中上部（亚段B、C）的元素地球化学特征变化较为频繁且幅度很大，反映古气候和湖盆沉积条件的迅速变迁。在潮湿气候条件下，沉积物的地球化学特征表现为以Al、Ti为代表的外源元素含量及其比值较高，而Mg、Ca等盆内化学沉积元素含量较低。古氧气指标指示底部水体为还原环境，有利于有机质保存。因而，相应于较高的有机碳含量。在间歇性干旱时期，陆源输入减少，外源元素含量及其比值显著降低。随着蒸发作用的加强，水体盐度加大，内源元素丰度以及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca和Na/Ca比值大幅度上升。底部水体为氧化环境，O₂-H₂S界面多位于水/沉积物界面或沉积物中。上述两种气候条件在红岗段中上部沉积时期交替出现。红岗段沉积后期由于淡水的长期输入，湖水出现逐渐淡化趋势。     

Holocene Climate in the Northern Great Plains Inferred from Sediment Stratigraphy, Stable Isotopes, Carbonate Geochemistry, Diatoms, and Pollen at Moon Lake, North Dakota

Seismic stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, pollen stratigraphy, diatom-inferred salinity, stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C), and chemical composition (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) of authigenic carbonates from Moon Lake cores provide a congruent Holocene record of effective moisture for the eastern Northern Great Plains. Between 11,700 and 9500¹⁴C yr B.P., the climate was cool and moist. A gradual decrease in effective moisture occurred between 9500 and 7100¹⁴C yr B.P. A change at about 7100¹⁴C yr B.P. inaugurated the most arid period during the Holocene. Between 7100 and 4000¹⁴C yr B.P., three arid phases occurred at 6600–6200¹⁴C yr B.P., 5400–5200¹⁴C yr B.P., and 4800–4600¹⁴C yr B.P. Effective moisture generally increased after 4000¹⁴C yr B.P., but periods of low effective moisture occurred between 2900–2800¹⁴C yr B.P. and 1200–800¹⁴C yr B.P. The data also suggest high climatic variability during the last few centuries. Despite the overall congruence, the biological (diatom), sedimentological, isotopic, and chemical proxies were occassionally out of phase. At these times the evaporative process was not the only control of lake-water chemical and isotopic composition.     

Environmental Controls on Groundwater Chemistry in an Offshore Island Aquifer: Fiesta Key, Florida

A field study was undertaken on the Florida Bay side of Fiesta Key, Florida, to identify the chemical characteristics of a previously unexplored offshore groundwater system and to define the critical parameters affecting groundwater movement and interaction with sediment pore fluids and bedrock. Emphasis was placed on the upper 2 meters of bedrock, where groundwater recharge and discharge potentials are maximized, along a 100 meter transect extending from the island margin. Bedrock cores were used to describe Pleistocene depositional textures, and were sampled at discrete depths to determine the extent of water-rock interaction. Piezometers installed into each core hole were used to monitor surface and ground water tide levels, and for the systematic collection of water samples for a large suite of chemical determinations.Aqueous chemical data indicate that these groundwaters are marine in origin, anoxic, and moderately hypersaline (S = 36–40). Exchange of bedrock pore fluids with overlying Bay waters is restricted by a layer of Holocene sediment and a discontinuous soilstone crust formed at the modern bedrock surface. Groundwater chemistry near the sediment/bedrock interface is marked by elevated concentrations of total alkalinity and Ca2+, and by significant Mg2+ depletion. These waters likely acquired their unusual chemistry by mixing between deeper groundwaters and overlying, early diagenetically altered, sediment porewaters. High alkalinity and calcium concentrations presumably result from the combination of the effects of aerobic metabolism, carbonate dissolution, and sulfate reduction. Mg-depletion most likely resulted from the precipitation of Mg-calcite. These unusual chemistries disappear by 2 m depth in the groundwater system, where Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations are similar to those expected for seawater under slightly hypersaline conditions.The Pleistocene bedrock contains low Mg, Sr, F, and P concentrations relative to the overlying unconsolidated Holocene carbonate sediments. This is consistent with the diagenetic recrystallization processes that the bedrock has undergone. Hydraulic conditions favor the net recharge of Florida Bay seawater to the groundwater system, but there are insufficient tide data to identify cyclical water exchange rates or groundwater flow patterns.     

Environmental processes derived from peatland geochemistry since the last deglaciation in Dajiuhu,Shennongjia, central China

The Dajiuhu mire deposit is a sensitive archive of palaeoenvironmental evolution in the East Asian monsoon region. The aim of this study of the elemental geochemistry of a sediment core from Dajiuhu was to improve our understanding of the geochemical behaviour of elements in peat deposits, as well as the environmental and climatic history of the East Asian monsoon region since the Late Pleistocene. We conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) on inorganic geochemical data obtained by ICP‐MS and XRFS from a sediment core spanning the last 16 ka. In addition, spectral analysis was applied to the PC1 score profile to test periodicities. The PCA results suggest that variations in elemental concentrations in the Dajiuhu core are controlled by three main factors: input of inorganic mineral matter, effect of biological processes and a combination of changes in redox conditions and biological processes. Interpretation of the data suggests that monsoon precipitation increased, albeit with significant volatility, during the last deglaciation (16.0–11.3 cal. ka BP). The early Holocene (11.3–9.4 cal. ka BP) was a humid period, and was followed by monsoon deterioration in the early stages of the middle Holocene. A warm and wet climate dominated between 7.0 and 4.2 cal. ka BP, correlating with the Holocene Climatic Optimum. After a two‐step decrease in monsoon precipitation, beginning at 4.2 cal. ka BP, the climate became more arid until 0.9 cal. ka BP, after which humidity once again increased. The spectral analysis revealed statistically significant periodicities of approximately 1480, 360, 316, 204 and 188 years, indicating solar forcing for the East Asian monsoon evolution over millennial to centennial time scales and a link between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate.     

Holocene climate variation determined from rubidium and strontium contents and ratios of sediments collected from the BadainJaran Desert,Inner Mongolia,China

Rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) contents and ratios were analyzed in 197 sediment samples collected from the CGS1 segment of the Chagelebulu Section in the Badain Jaran Desert of China to study millennial scale climate change during the Holocene. The results showed that the Rb and Sr contents and Rb/Sr ratios were low in the samples of dune sands and loess (Mz < 5.64Φ), and those values were high in the samples of loess (Mz > 5.64Φ) and paleosols, these data displayed 11 changing cycles in alternation of peaks and valleys in the chart. In addition, the Rb contents were positively correlated with Mz (mean particle diameter) and clay contents. While the correlations were weaker, Sr contents also showed a tendency to increase with increases in the Mz and clay contents. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of Rb and Sr within the CGS1 segment, it appears that the observed Rb and Sr contents and ratios varied in accordance with fluctuations of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons. In terms of timing and climate, low values (C1–C11) resulting from winter monsoons had a strong correlation with cold events in the North Atlantic: the period C1 corresponded to times ranging from 400 a to 1400 a and the periods C2, C3, C4, C7, C9, C10, and C11 corresponded to times of 3000 a, 4000 a, 5900 a, 8200 a, 9400 a, 10,300 a, and 11,000 a, respectively. The cold event C5 (6200 a) was also discovered in the North Atlantic in recent; and C6 (7100 a), C8 (8700 a) were discovered in some other places of China. These cold events indicated by Rb and Sr contents and ratios in the Chagelebulu Section of the Badain Jaran Desert recorded the regional response of global climate change during the Holocene.     

基于湖积物硅藻与地球化学记录的古环境变迁反演——以桂林会仙岩溶湿地为例

通过对狮子潭柱状沉积物的放射性定年、地球化学与硅藻分析,反演桂林会仙岩溶湿地全新世的古湖沼演替,与其响应的气候变迁与人类活动记录。放射性210Pb、14C定年结果显示该湖在6 400 cal BP开始有湖积物保存,在2 700 cal BP—公元1943年间有沉积间断事件,且于公元1943年再度沉积。在6400—5 200 cal BP,高比例的浮游型硅藻反映高水位状态,可对应到气候暖湿的中国全新世大暖期鼎盛期。在5 200—2 700 cal BP,沉积物内稀酸可溶相Ca、Mg、Sr浓度降低,Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca值明显增加,且浮游型硅藻几乎消失,显示当时湖泊水位显著降低,气候逐渐变干。在公元1943年沉积物再度沉积,可能与战争造成人口迁徙与废耕有关。自公元1973年以来,硅藻壳片大量堆积,反映人类过度活动造成藻华的现象。湖泊沉积物内硅藻组成及沉积物的地球化学特征能够很好地反演古气候、环境变迁。     

柴达木贝壳堤剖面元素地球化学与环境演变

通过对柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤沉积物中酸溶与残留(酸不溶)组分中常、微量元素及其元素对的分析,并结合酸溶与残留组分中常、微量元素相关性对比,讨论了贝壳堤剖面元素地球化学指标和沉积环境之间的关系,指出酸溶组分中的常量、微量元素及其元素对可以作为湖泊和古气候演化良好的代用指标;残留组分中的元素及元素对与原岩及其风化程度紧密相关,因此,酸溶组分与残留组分中的常量和微量元素在对于环境响应模式存在一定差异,应该将二者分开研究以避免对元素所携带环境信号解译的偏差。根据元素地球化学指标重建了43.5～22.4cal.kaB.P.(39.7～17.5kaB.P.¹⁴C年代)柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖高湖面期间古气候与环境演变过程:43.5～31.7kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量总体较低,残留组分中元素含量相对较高,且湿润度值((Fe₂O₃+Al₂O₃)/(MgO+CaO),或H)处于高值段,而Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr则处于低值段,指示了温暖湿润的气候环境,古湖泊水体增加;其中37.8～31.7kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量多出现最低值,残留组分中元素含量富集,H值较高,而Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr此段均值最小,表明此时为环境的最适宜期,此期间降雨充沛,湖泊处于高湖面;在31.7～22.4kaB.P.期间酸溶组分中元素含量普遍较高,残留组分中元素含量相对富集,且Ca/Mg,Fe/Mn和Rb/Sr处于高值段波动,H值处在低值段,指示气候环境恶化,降水逐渐减少,古湖泊水体萎缩;在约22.4kaB.P.气候快速恶化,形成石盐结晶,高湖面历史结束。柴达木盆地该期高湖面及其演化过程可与腾格里沙漠和额济纳盆地-巴丹吉林沙漠高湖面记录进行对比,揭示了大范围气候变化的历史。     

黄土高原南部全新世黄土-古土壤 序列若干元素分布特征及意义*

选择黄土高原南部的XJN,XMC和JYC全新世剖面为研究对象。通过对地层中Ca,Ba,Rb和Sr元素分布的研究,发现Ba/Sr和Rb/Sr比值在不同地层中含量差异十分明显,并与成土作用强度显著正相关,可作为良好的气候替代指标;表生环境中Rb和Ba较稳定,Sr和Ca元素十分活跃,易于迁移,其中Ca的迁移能力高于Sr元素;从XJN→XMC→JYC剖面,Rb和Ba元素含量增加,而Sr和Ca元素含量降低,这与区域环境差异有关;全新世中期暖湿的亚热带气候主要出现关中盆地地区,六盘山以西则是暖温带气候。     

Geochemistry of alkaline earth elements (Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba) in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea

The concentrations of alkaline earth elements were measured in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in an attempt to establish their sources from horizontal distributions. The maximum concentrations of Mg are found in the central Yellow Sea, and its horizontal distribution is mainly controlled by quartz dilution. The concentrations of Ca and Sr increase toward the southeastern Yellow Sea region. The relatively higher enrichment of Ca and Sr in the southeastern Yellow Sea, with Sr/Ca ratios of 0.0053, suggests the presence of carbonates which are comprised of foraminifera and/or coccoliths, like deep-sea carbonates. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ba increase toward the northeastern Yellow Sea. The higher Ba enrichment in the sandy region of the northeastern Yellow Sea is associated with the presence of feldspar as evidenced by excellent correlations among Ba/Mg, Al/Mg, and Sr/Ca ratios. Our results suggest that the transgressive and relict sand occurring in the eastern parts of the Yellow Sea contains Al, Sr, and Ba enriched feldspars which originated from Arprock River, Korea and thus can be distinguished from sand occurring in the western parts of the Yellow Sea which originated from Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.     

内蒙古盐海子盐湖Ya02孔元素聚散与古气候变化

通过对内蒙古伊克昭盟Ｙａ０２孔３５件样品Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｆ、Ｃｌ以及Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｂａ等２２项元素测试结果的研究表明，元素组合与含量变化过程严格受气候因素的控制，并反应敏感。据此将该湖自下而上划分了１３个气候期，揭示了自成湖（２３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）以来冷暖与干湿的气候环境变化模式：晚更新世主要以冷湿气候为主，并伴有多次相对温干偏湿的气候波动；早全新世为暖湿气候；中全新世以温暖干气候为主，伴有冷湿气候；晚全新世以来，所测各元素含量趋于增高趋势，反映了气候由温暖干向冷凉湿方向渐变